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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The Bowen-Conradi syndrome -- a highly lethal autosomal recessive syndrome of microcephaly, micrognathia, low birth weight, and joint deformities.

This paper describes six Hutterite children from five families who appear to have been affected by the same syndrome that was described in two brothers by Bowen and Conradi [1]. Our additional cases confirm that the major features of the syndrome include porportionate intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, micrognathia, a prominent nose, rocker-bottom feet, joint limitation, and failure to thrive, with death within the first year of life. Bowen-Conradi syndrome is an autosomal recessive trait and pedigree records show that all six families now known are related to each other through two couples born in the late 1700s but that there are additional earlier possible sources of the responsible gene. The differential diagnosis of this syndrome is discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1980

Autosomal recessive microcephaly and micromelia in Cree Indians.

In a highly consanguineous, predominantly Cree Indian community in northern Saskatchewan, Canada, 14 similarly malformed babies have been born to eight different mothers since 1953. Six of these infants are reported to assist delineation of the syndrome. The major manifestations of the condition are: Intrauterine growth retardation, perinatal death, marked microcephaly, and severe malformations of the limbs, especially the arms. Elbows are fused, forearms are greatly shortened and usually contain only a single bone, and the hands are very abnormal with only two to four malformed digits. Parental consanguinity, a sex ratio close to one, and a 25% segregation ratio all support autosomal recessive inheritance of this syndrome.

Consanguinity↗
PubMed1983

Dominantly inherited syndrome of microcephaly and cleft palate.

Two sisters and their mother had a syndrome of microcephaly, cleft palate, and variable anomalies such as unusual facial appearance, hypotelorism, abnormal retinal pigmentation, maxillary hypoplasia, goiter, camptodactyly, mild mental retardation, and abnormal dermatoglyphics. This is an evidently dominantly inherited trait, either autosomal or X-linked.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

A new X-linked syndrome comprising progressive basal ganglion dysfunction, mental and growth retardation, external ophthalmoplegia, postnatal microcephaly and deafness.

We report on 4 boys (3 in one family) who have a remarkably constant syndrome of childhood-onset choreoathetosis with later spasticity, postnatal microcephaly, growth and mental retardation, apparent external ophthalmoplegia and varying degrees of deafness. The pedigrees are consistent with X-linked inheritance. The syndrome is compared and contrasted with others comprising basal ganglion dysfunction in childhood. It is concluded that clinically and genetically the condition is unique.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Brief clinical report: an X-linked mental retardation syndrome with craniofacial abnormalities, microcephaly and club foot.

A male infant, who died of renal insufficiency at 6 months, had 2 similarly affected maternal uncles who died at 16 and 6 months respectively. Their manifestations include microcephaly, a large anterior fontanel, short nose with anteverted nostrils, club foot deformity, retarded psychomotor development and, in the index case only, kidney hypoplasia and dysplasia. The 2 obligatory carriers of this evidently X-linked recessive syndrome had no physical abnormalities.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

In utero brain destruction resulting in collapse of the fetal skull, microcephaly, scalp rugae, and neurologic impairment: the fetal brain disruption sequence.

Three infants are reported with a recognizable pattern of defects consisting of severe microcephaly, overlapping sutures, prominence of the occipital bone, and scalp rugae. This condition, which we think represents microhydranencephaly, appears to be produced by partial brain destruction during the second or third trimester, diminution in intracranial hydrostatic pressure, and subsequent collapse of the fetal skull. Several different causes for this condition have been suggested including partial disruption of the blood supply to the brain and prenatal viral infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A syndrome of microcephaly and retinal pigmentary abnormalities without mental retardation in a family with coincidental autosomal dominant hyperreflexia.

We describe two brothers with severe microcephaly, unusual retinal pigmentary anomalies, intellectual function in the average or low average range, and a strong family history of hyperreflexia. The brothers have a previously undescribed syndrome, while the hyperreflexia appears to represent a coincidental autosomal dominant Mendelian trait, perhaps linked to the Kell blood group system.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1985

Familial microcephaly with normal intelligence, immunodeficiency, and risk for lymphoreticular malignancies: a new autosomal recessive disorder.

We describe nine patients with an apparently new genetic disorder characterized by: microcephaly with normal intelligence; "bird"-like facial appearance; cellular and humoral immune defects; and increased risk for lymphoreticular malignancies. The postmortem findings of five patients are described. Chromosome instability appears not to be a component of the disorder. The occurrence in three pairs of sibs and isonomy in another family suggests autosomal recessive inheritance.

Child↗
PubMed1985

The syndrome of retinal pigmentary degeneration, microcephaly, and severe mental retardation (Mirhosseini-Holmes-Walton syndrome): report of two patients.

We report on two daughters, born to consanguineous parents, who had severe mental retardation, microcephaly, retinal pigmentary degeneration, and spastic cerebral palsy. We think that this syndrome is the same as that described by Mirhosseini et al [1972] (McK-26805). The presence of consanguinity favors the hypothesis of autosomal recessive inheritance.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1985

Microcephaly, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, short stature, and minor anomalies: a new syndrome.

Four sibs, three males and one female, had microcephaly, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, short stature, and multiple congenital anomalies. They had five normal sibs and consanguineous parents. Findings in the affected sibs also included a narrow forehead, synophrys, micrognathia, abnormally folded pinnae, early loss of teeth in three, cubitus valgus in two, genu valgum, gynecomastia, and undescended testes in one. All sibs had normal chromosomes. Results of tests for growth hormone release and adrenocortical function were normal. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation tests were consistent with primary gonadal failure. Testicular biopsy, performed on two affected males, was normal in one and showed focal atrophy with decreased spermatogenesis in the other. The patients manifest a phenotype different from all other known types of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and appear to represent a new MCA/MR syndrome.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1987

A syndrome of microcephaly, eye anomalies, short stature, and mental deficiency.

We have studied a mother and son with a previously apparently undescribed syndrome of microcephaly, eye defects, small ears, mild mental deficiency, and short stature. The syndrome appears to be an autosomal or X-linked dominant trait. The cat eye syndrome, blepharophimosis or Kohn-Romano syndrome, Rieger syndrome, and other disorders are discussed in relationship to this entity.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1988

Callosal defect, microcephaly, severe mental retardation, and other anomalies in three sibs.

This study concerns an apparently lethal and previously undescribed syndrome of hypoplastic corpus callosum, microcephaly, severe mental retardation, preauricular skin tag, camptodactyly, growth retardation, and recurrent bronchopneumonia. This combination of anomalies is probably inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. A brief literature review of the anomalies or syndromes associated with callosal defects is discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Linkage studies with the gene for an X-linked syndrome of mental retardation, microcephaly and spastic diplegia (MRX2)

A family in which a gene (MRX2) is segregating for an X-linked syndrome of mental retardation, short stature, microcephaly, brachycephaly, spastic diplegia, small testes and possible intra-uterine growth retardation is described. There are 7 clearly affected males and one possibly affected infant in the family. The obligate carriers are normal. Linkage studies show a suggestion of linkage to loci near the centromere. The maximum lod score was 2.10 at theta = 0.11 for DXYS1, assuming the possibly affected male carried the MRX2 gene. There were lower lod scores suggestive of linkage with DXS7 (theta = 0.14; z = 1.29) and DXS94 (theta = 0.11; z = 1.22).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Epiphyseal dysplasia, microcephaly, nystagmus, and retinitis pigmentosa.

In 1975, we reported two brothers with epiphyseal dysplasia, microcephaly, and nystagmus; one of them also had mild mental retardation. Here we present information on the natural history, particularly with respect to the development of a new visual problem, namely, retinitis pigmentosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The syndrome of Hirschsprung disease, microcephaly, unusual face, and mental retardation.

Here we report on a boy with Hirschsprung megacolon associated with microcephaly, narrow palpebral fissures, broad nasal bridge, congenital heart defect, cryptorchidism, wide-base gait, short stature, developmental delay and abnormal computed tomography (CT) brain scan. The findings are compared with those of previously described patients with the same syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1990

Lambotte syndrome: microcephaly, holoprosencephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, facial anomalies, and early lethality--a new sublethal multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome in four sibs.

We report on an Arabic sibship originating from Morocco in which four children manifest an undiagnosed sublethal multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), microcephaly, large soft pinnae, telecanthus or true hypertelorism with squint, flat face, unusual hooked nose, very narrow mouth, retrognathia, and extremely severe neurologic impairment. One child was stillborn. Three others died in a cachectic state during their second year. One child had a severe cerebral malformation compatible with semilobar holoprosencephaly. Other inconstant manifestations are anterior chamber cleavage defect, preaxial polydactyly of feet, interventricular septal defect, and atresia of the external auditory meatus. Autosomal recessive inheritance is likely.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗