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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

High frequency of human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type II infection in New Mexico blood donors: determination by sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization.

The Albuquerque branch of the United Blood Services system was found to have an unusually high blood donor human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) seroprevalence (0.72 per 1,000). Many studies investigating HTLV seroprevalence and transmission have assumed that all seropositivity is due to HTLV type I (HTLV-I); recent data dispute this conclusion. We investigated the high prevalence of HTLV seropositivity in New Mexico by determining whether HTLV-I or HTLV-II is predominant in our donors. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of proviral DNA from peripheral blood, followed by sequence-specific hybridization with oligonucleotide probes to distinguish the two viruses, we demonstrate that 9 of 10 Western blot-confirmed HTLV-seropositive blood donors from New Mexico are infected with HTLV-II. Implications of this finding for donors and the safety of the blood supply are discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Responses to prospective payment by rural New Mexico hospitals.

A cross-sectional study is used to determine how rural New Mexico hospitals altered service diversification, inpatient service emphasis, and service promotion during Medicare's prospective payment system (PPS) transition and posttransition phases. Results suggest that the hospitals implemented distinct strategies in response to PPS. The posttransition strategies were examined for their association with improved revenue and utilization indicators. Few of the service diversification and promotional strategies were consistent predictors of performance. Emphasis on fine-tuning inpatient services was the most promising predictor of higher utilization and revenue measures. The implications for other rural hospitals are discussed.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1976

Effect of medical care review on the use of injections: a study of the New Mexico Experimental Medical Care Review Organization.

Evaluation of peer review activities in the New Mexico Medicaid program (1971 to 1973) showed that it can affect aspects of quality, that is, the appropriateness of the use of injections as judged by medical criteria. Use of injections, nearly 50% of which were antibiotics, declined by more than 60%, from 41 to 16 per 100 ambulatory visits. Still, at the end of the study, 40% of the injections given were considered medically unnecessary. Analyses showed that [1] groups used injections more appropriately; [2] for solo physicians, being board-certified, being a doctor of medicine, and being a pediatrician were all associated with more proper use of injections; [3] 6% of the physicians gave 40% of the medically unnecessary injections, but even their behavior changed dramatically for the better as a result of the peer review system.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Power, blame, and accountability: Medicaid managed care for mental health services in New Mexico.

I examine the provision of mental health services to Medicaid recipients in New Mexico to illustrate how managed care accountability models subvert the allocation of responsibility for delivering, monitoring, and improving care for the poor. The downward transfer of responsibility is a phenomenon emergent in this hierarchically organized system. I offer three examples to clarify the implications of accountability discourse. First, I problematize the public-private "partnership" between the state and its managed care contractors to illuminate the complexities of exacting state oversight in a medically underserved, rural setting. Second, I discuss the strategic deployment of accountability discourse by members of this partnership to limit use of expensive services by Medicaid recipients. Third, I focus on transportation for Medicaid recipients to show how market triumphalism drives patient care decisions. Providers and patients with the least amount of formal authority and power are typically blamed for system deficiencies.

Continuity of Patient Care↗
PubMed2005

Cognitive function in drinkers compared to abstainers in the New Mexico elder health survey.

BACKGROUND: Recent epidemiological studies have shown that individuals who ingest alcohol regularly have a higher level of cognitive function and are less likely to develop dementia than those who abstain. The purpose of this study was to compare nine measures of cognitive function in drinkers compared to abstainers. METHODS: A cross-sectional community survey was conducted of 883 randomly selected Hispanic and non-Hispanic white men and women, age >or=65 years of age, undergoing a paid home interview and 4-hour interview/examination in a senior health clinic (The New Mexico Elder Health Survey). The interviews included questions on frequency and quantity of alcohol ingested. RESULTS: Participants who consumed alcohol had significantly better mean scores on 7 of 9 cognitive function tests and less frequently had scores below selected "cut points" compared to those who abstained from all alcohol intake. Scoring used multivariate linear and logistic regression models adjusted for sex, ethnicity, age, level of education, and evidence of depression. CONCLUSIONS: Participants in the New Mexico Elder Health Survey (nearly equal numbers of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white men and women) who consumed alcohol had better scores on their cognitive tests than did those participants who abstained.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The disparity change score: a new methodology to examine health disparities in New Mexico.

OBJECTIVES: One overarching goal of Healthy People 2010 is to eliminate health disparities. Reducing disparities improves the overall health status of a population but is a lengthy process. The disparity change score (DCS) is a method for tracking health disparities over time. METHODS: Rates, rate ratios, and DCSs were calculated to track disparities during two time periods by sex, race/ethnicity, education, and income for key health indicators. Time periods were 10 years apart for all death indicators; length between time periods varied for other indicators depending on data collection systems. RESULTS: Sex-, race/ethnicity-, education-, and income-based disparities and disparity changes for New Mexico were identified. In general, males, American Indians, and those with the lowest income and education experienced the greatest health disparities. Five disparities that are worsening were identified for targeted interventions, mainly for males (firearm-related death and suicide) and American Indians (diabetes death and influenza/pneumonia death), but also for white non-Hispanics (drug-related death). CONCLUSIONS: Examining disparities at one point in time discounts disparity change over time. The DCS can help identify large disparities that are worsening and toward which resources for targeted interventions can be redirected. New Mexico should consider interventions for the five key disparities identified in this study.

Ethnicity↗
PubMed1998

Trends in the survival of American Indian, Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic white cancer patients in New Mexico and Arizona, 1969-1994.

BACKGROUND: The burden of cancer mortality falls disproportionately on cancer patients belonging to ethnic minority groups. In the U.S., African American, Hispanic, and American Indian cancer patients are diagnosed at a more advanced stage and receive less appropriate treatment, resulting in poorer outcomes and higher mortality, than white cancer patients. The authors hypothesized that cancer control strategies based on earlier detection and more effective treatment may be most effective in increasing survival in groups with more advanced disease at diagnosis, less appropriate treatment, and lower survival. METHODS: Data collected by the New Mexico Tumor Registry, a member organization of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute, afforded the authors an opportunity to investigate this hypothesis by studying trends in cancer survival for American Indians, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites. The authors examined temporal trends and ethnic disparities in survival for in situ and invasive incident cancer cases at 25 sites diagnosed from 1969 through 1994 in New Mexico residents and in American Indians residing in Arizona. RESULTS: The distribution of stage became more favorable and the percentage of patients receiving appropriate treatment increased for all three ethnic groups during the study period. Survival improved for patients with cancer at most sites in each ethnic group; however, because the increase in survival was greater for non-Hispanic whites than for American Indians or Hispanics, the number of sites associated with disparities in survival among non-Hispanic whites, American Indians, and Hispanics increased. Differences in the distribution of age, gender, stage at diagnosis, histologic grade, and treatment did not completely explain the improved survival or the ethnic disparities regarding survival. CONCLUSIONS: Increased cancer control efforts were associated with earlier diagnosis, more patients receiving appropriate therapy, and improved survival for non-Hispanic whites, American Indians, and Hispanics. However, the improvement was greatest for non-Hispanic whites, and disparities in survival results for the different ethnic groups widened over the period of study. Cancer control strategies need to address the specific social, cultural, and biologic prognostic factors that affect different ethnic groups if disparities in outcomes are to be reduced.

Arizona↗
PubMed1994

Identification of five novel human papillomavirus sequences in the New Mexico triethnic population.

Cervical specimens obtained from previous clinical studies at the University of New Mexico were screened for reference strain human papillomaviruses (HPVs) via HPV L1 consensus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and type-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization. PCR products that bound to an HPV generic probe but did not hybridize with HPV type-specific oligonucleotide probes were subjected to restriction endonuclease digestion analyses. Resulting restriction fragment length polymorphisms served as the basis for initial grouping of unknown HPVs and identification of potential reference strain HPV variants. MY09/MY11 PCR products containing putative novel HPV L1 fragments were cloned and sequenced. Five novel HPV sequences were identified in this study.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Sodium toxicity and pathology associated with exposure of waterfowl to hypersaline playa lakes of southeast New Mexico.

Cause of mortality was studied in waterfowl in hypersaline playa lakes of southeast New Mexico during spring and fall migration. Mortality was not common in wild ducks resting on the playas during good weather. However, when birds remained on the lakes for prolonged periods of time, such as during experimental trials and stormy weather, a heavy layer of salt precipitated on their feathers. Sodium toxicity was the cause of death for all experimental mallards housed on playa water and for 50% of the wild waterfowl found moribund or dead during the spring of 1995. Gross lesions included heavy salt precipitation on the feathers, ocular lens opacities, deeply congested brains, and dilated, thin-walled, fluid-filled cloacae. Microscopic lesions in the more severely affected birds included liquefaction of ocular lens cortex with lens fiber swelling and multifocal to diffuse ulcerative conjunctivitis with severe granulocytic inflammation, edema, and granulocytic vasculitis resulting in thrombosis. Inflammation similar to that seen in the conjunctiva occasionally involved the mucosa of the mouth, pharynx, nasal turbinates, cloaca, and bursa. Transcorneal movement of water in response to the hypersaline conditions on the playa lakes or direct contact with salt crystals could induce anterior segment dehydration of the aqueous humor and increased osmotic pressure on the lens, leading to cataract formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The advent of human diploid cell rabies vaccine: impact on vaccine utilization in New Mexico.

Three months' experience with the newly licensed human diploid cell rabies vaccine in the New Mexico comprehensive consultation-biologics system was reviewed. Comparison with the same period in 1978 and 1979 showed no increase in vaccine utilization despite the advent of this simpler-to-use, safer rabies vaccine. Anti-rabies treatments appear to be minimally influenced by new vaccine technology when a comprehensive consultation system is available to support and guide the private physician.

Diploidy↗
PubMed1988

Mortality from lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in New Mexico, 1958-82.

We examined mortality from lung cancer and from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Hispanic White, Other White, and Native American residents of New Mexico during the period 1958-82. Age-specific mortality was calculated by combining death certificate data with population estimates based on the 1960, 1970, and 1980 censuses that were adjusted for inconsistencies in the designation of race and ethnicity. In Other Whites, age-adjusted mortality rates from lung cancer and from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increased progressively in males and females. Mortality rates for both diseases also increased in Hispanics during the study period, but the most recent rates for Hispanics were well below those for Other Whites. Age-specific mortality rates for lung cancer declined for more recently born Hispanic women at older ages. In Native Americans, rates for both diseases were low throughout the study period and did not show consistent temporal trends.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Ethnic differences in mortality from cerebrovascular disease among New Mexico's Hispanics, Native Americans, and non-Hispanic whites, 1958 through 1987.

We analyzed vital statistics data collected from 1958 through 1987 to determine time trends and ethnic differences in cerebrovascular disease mortality rates in New Mexico's Hispanic, Native American, and non-Hispanic white populations. Over the 30-year period of our study, cerebrovascular disease mortality rates decreased in all three major ethnic groups in the state, comparable to national trends. We found that Native Americans of both sexes had the lowest cerebrovascular disease mortality rates, followed by Hispanics, during the initial 25-year span of our data. In the most recent 5-year period that we examined, 1983 through 1987, Hispanics had the highest cerebrovascular disease mortality rates of the three groups. Our data suggest that Hispanics in New Mexico are now at higher risk for cerebrovascular disease-related mortality than are non-Hispanic whites, and that prevention strategies aimed at decreasing cerebrovascular disease rates should be focused on this segment of the state's population.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1980

A study of the medical ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians of New Mexico.

This paper examines the medical ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians of west-central New Mexico. Historically, these people were hunters and gatherers, and later, farmers and sheepherders. They developed an extensive knowledge of the local flora and a complex religious rite and system of medical practice. Now, as customs and values of Western societies encroach upon their lifestyle, the Zuni's knowledge of the medicinal use of plants is in danger of being forgotten. Field work conducted during the summers of 1977 and 1978 with the Zuni involved interviews with 27 Zuni medicine men and elders and the collection of 138 plant species. For 49 species a medicinal use was described. These remedies were examined in detail to determine their pharmacological and physiological action and their cultural significance. A total of 31 medicinal plants collected in this study were not mentioned in the Zuni ethnobotanical study by Stevenson over 60 years earlier. This may reflect a difficulty in recording all the plant remedies of a culture rather than an acquisition of new remedies since that time. The use of herbal remedies today and the knowledge of their use in the past has diminished.

Cough↗
PubMed1980

Survey for antibodies to viruses of bovine virus diarrhea, bluetongue, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease in hunter-killed mule deer in New Mexico.

Sera from male mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) collected in November 1977 in Otero County, New Mexico were tested fro antibodies to bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV), bluetongue virus (BTV), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 26 of 76 (34%) sera tested for BVDV (titer greater than or equal to 1:16). Of 46 sera tested for antibodies to BTV and EHDV, 10 (22%) and 3 (7%), respectively, were positive. Three (7%) of 46 sera were suspect (titer < 1:20) for BTV, and 18 (38%) sera were suspect (titer < 1:20) for EHDV.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The New Mexico experiment: educational innovation and institutional change.

Over the past ten years the University of New Mexico School of Medicine has conducted an educational experiment featuring learner-centered, problem-based, community-oriented learning. The experiment was introduced into an established institution by means of an innovative educational track running parallel to the more conventional curriculum. Students in the innovative track, compared with those in the conventional tract, tended to score lower on the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Part I examination (basic sciences) and higher on NBME Part II (clinical sciences), received higher clinical grades on clinical clerkships, and experienced less distress. They were more likely than conventional-track students to retain their initial interest in or switch their preference to careers in family medicine. The parallel-track strategy for introducing curriculum reform succeeded in fostering institutional acceptance of continuing educational innovation. Generic steps in overcoming institutional barriers to change are identified.

Curriculum↗