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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Biopsy and specimen collection in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Biopsy, aspiration, swab, and irrigation of the nose and sinuses are methods used in specimen collection and culture when chronic rhinosinusitis is suspected. Biopsy may be indicated to identify the presence of fungal elements in the mucus or tissues, suspected neoplasm, or inflamed bone. Aspiration directly from the maxillary sinus is considered to be the gold standard for culture, but it is painful. Direct endoscopic-guided culture of the middle meatus appears to be a viable substitute, with swab and suction methods having similar rates of microbiological contamination. Topical delivery methods for irrigating sinus cavities may utilize spray bottles, nebulizers, or a bulb syringe; these have various degrees of efficacy in dispersing materials to the sinuses. Use of the bulb syringe appears to offer broad distribution with limited risk of sample contamination. Specimens must be handled carefully to avoid loss of fungal elements. Advantages and indications of various methods are reviewed.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non-Hodgkins lymphoma of the infratemporal fossa: a case report.

Lymphomas are statistically the second most common malignant tumor of the head and neck, following squamous cell carcinoma. They may present in the cervical lymph nodes or in extranodal areas. This paper presents an unusual case of a non-Hodgkins lymphoma that presented in the infratemporal fossa of a 25-year-old woman. The anatomy of the infra-temporal fossa is reviewed, and evaluation and therapy of lesions in this area are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Giant cell tumors: inquiry into immunohistochemical expression of CD117 (c-Kit), microphthalmia transcription factor, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and HAM-56.

CONTEXT: Osteoclast-like giant cells (GCs) in giant cell tumors (GCTs) are thought to derive from a monocyte-macrophage lineage. Microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) is necessary for osteoclast gene expression and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activation; c-Kit plays a role in regulation of MITF. OBJECTIVE: To gain insight into the differentiation of GCTs of bone (GCTBs) and GCTs tendon sheath (GCTTSs) by investigating immunohistochemical staining for c-Kit, MITF, TRAP, and HAM-56 in the GCs and stroma. DESIGN: Immunoreactivity for CD117 (c-Kit), MITF, TRAP, and HAM-56 was studied in 35 GCTBs, 15 GCTTSs, and 5 foreign-body GC controls. RESULTS: Across tumors, MITF and TRAP but not c-Kit were generally expressed in GCs; TRAP was variably expressed in stromal cells. The MITF was expressed more consistently in stromal cells of GCTTSs than GCTBs (P < .001). The GCTBs showed more intense MITF stromal (P < .001) and TRAP GC staining (P = .04) than GCTTSs. HAM-56 staining by stromal cells was associated with MITF stromal staining (r2 = 0.6, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that MITF and TRAP are expressed during osteoclast differentiation and that a proportion of mononuclear cells in GCTs express the macrophage marker HAM-56. Both GCTBs and GCTTSs show similar patterns of immunohistochemical expression.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2004

HIV-associated musculoskeletal involvement.

Various rheumatic manifestations associated with HIV infection have been recognized, ranging from infectious conditions, such as septic arthritis, to seronegative spondyloarthropathy. Other musculoskeletal manifestations include lupus-like and Sjögren-like diseases and HIV-related malignancy. The introduction of HAART has changed the spectrum of the clinical manifestations of rheumatic disease seen today, with infections and articular involvement being the most frequently observed.

Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active↗
PubMed1985

The radiologic approach to malignant tumors of the head and neck, with emphasis on computed tomography.

Computed tomography is the single most effective tool for the investigation and presurgical mapping of the extent of malignant tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract, paranasal sinuses, orbit, skull base, larynx, and neck. Close cooperation between the primary physician and the radiologist is essential for planning an efficient and cost-effective diagnostic plan. The radiologist may also assist the surgeon by obliterating tumor hypervascularity with preoperative fluoroscopically controlled arterial embolization and occlusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Deep soft-tissue leiomyoma].

Deep soft tissue leiomyomas (DSTL) are very rare. For this reason they are neither histologically, nor clinically reliably characterized, especially regarding their dignity. The authors present two cases of leiomyomas which grew from the deep soft tissue in the region of the head and perineum. Both cases involved women 43 and 63 years of age. Characteristically morphological traits, as e.g. good borderline of lesion, the presence of fibrous pseudocapsule, and classical morphologic appearance of leiomyoma were present in both cases. While in the first case the foci of dystrophic calcification within regressively altered foci of the tumour were found, the second case involved the presence of foci of myxohyalin degeneration of stroma. The first tumour contained also parts with a palisade arrangement of nuclei which gives a hint of resemblance to that of neurilemmoma. Mitoses did not exceed the HPF index of 2/10 in neither of the cases. Both cases were S-100 immunohistochemically negative, actin and human muscle actin were significantly positive, desmin was weakly or mediately positive, and vimentin significantly or mediately positive. The first case involved a clinical recurrence of a histologically verified leiomyoma after 5 years in the same location with MI being of zero value. Regarding the presented characteristics, the authors classify the described leiomyomas as DSTL. These tumours with an uncertain prognosis can metastatize despite their benign morphology. (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 19.)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Value of nude mice xenografts in the expression of cell heterogeneity of human sarcomas of bone and soft tissue.

Nude mice xenotransplants have been performed on human primary sarcomas of bone and soft tissues in order to delve into the cell heterogeneity of these neoplasms. Particular emphasis has been given to the group of small round blue cell sarcomas (Ewing's sarcomas and peripheral neuroectodermal tumors). Out of 31 xenotransplanted sarcomas, 16 cases have grown positively, and many of them continue to be transferred into nude mice on a regular time basis, being presently considered as fully established nude lines. Here we report the results of such a system, which has been followed with optical, electron microscopical, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic techniques. Osteosarcomas make up the group with the highest number of positivities taken (6 out of 9 transplanted cases). Diversity in growth rate, positive tumors and morphology are taken into consideration. Epithelial foci were seen in one of the transplanted neoplasms. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma and other mesenchymal sarcomas of bone and soft tissues are reviewed. Changes in immunohistochemical reactivity (alpha-1AT and alpha-1AQT) were observed in the transplanted neoplasms. Cytogenetic analysis performed on an undifferentiated (primitive) soft-tissue sarcoma provided clues to its synovial origin. Analysis of Ewing's sarcoma performed on nude mice transplanted tumors shows heterogeneous immunohistochemical response, with enhancement of cytokeratin positive cells, not previously seen in the primary neoplasms.

Animals↗