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PubMed2005

[Second opinion in Ophthalmology].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the percentage of ophthalmologic patients who search for a second opinion and to verify the main reason for this search. METHODS: The methodology of the present study consists of a direct interview with 806 ophthalmologic patients, attended at a specialized hospital, through an adequately elaborated questionnaire, containing variables that can be related to the search for this second opinion. RESULTS: It was observed that 32% of the ophthalmologic patients ask for a second opinion and, of these, 31% search for other physicians in order to confirm the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Most search for the second opinion in Ophthalmology is directly linked to the doctor/patient relationship. Such situation serves to warn the present professional teaching, pointing to the need for dedication, effort and greater investment in learning, regarding both the present and the future professionals. In addition, it is important to emphasize the necessity in improving the working conditions and wages. Maybe, the review of these aspects can contribute to decrease the mentioned problems.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Telemedicine and telescience in the field of ophthalmology at Asahikawa Medical College].

Department of Ophthalmology at Asahikawa Medical University has established a video conferencing telemedicine network system between the department and each branch hospital in Japan to transmit full-motion (30 frames/second) color ophthalmological images since October 1994. Nowadays, the department has 15 branches to communicate with our system including one hospital in Fukushima Prefecture; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School in USA; Nanjing Medical University in China with the use of INS net 1500 or INS net 64 (3 lines). This system is aimed for telemedicine, telescience as well as supports for ophthalmological surgeries. In this article, we described the present status and future prospective of our telemedicine project for the purpose of the elimination of areas without enough medical facilities and promotion of international scientific collaboration. We also described our "Telemedicine Center" at Asahikawa Medical University which is now under construction. We believe that this technology literally opens up the world to scientific and medical collaboration.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed2000

Assessment of ophthalmology residents' contact lens training.

PURPOSE: To characterize the nature and duration of contact lens training in ophthalmology residency training programs and to ascertain the comfort level of residents in fitting various types of contact lenses and in dealing with common contact lens-related complications. METHODS: Surveys were mailed to 126 ophthalmology residency program directors/coordinators and requested to be distributed to 1,381 ophthalmology residents. The questionnaire addressed issues related to contact lens training, hours of clinical and didactic training, comfort with fitting a variety of different types of contact lenses and dealing with common contact lens-related complications, and plans for incorporation of contact lens dispensing into future practice. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-nine residents (18%) responded from 84 programs (67%). Most programs (87%) have some form of supervised contact lens training, frequently conducted by an optometrist (61% of programs), that consists of 20 hours or less of clinical experience and 20 hours or less of didactic training. A majority of the responding graduating residents (66%) feel comfortable fitting spherical soft contact lenses, while less than half of all residents feel comfortable fitting any other type of contact lens. In addition, most residents (65%) feel comfortable diagnosing and treating common contact lens-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: Most ophthalmology residency programs offer some form of supervised contact lens training which allows a majority of residents to feel comfortable fitting only spherical soft contact lenses, while also dealing comfortably with most contact lens-related problems. A comparison with previous data suggests increasing comfort with fitting most types of contact lenses over the last decade.

Contact Lenses↗

PubMed1975

[Ophthalmological medals and coins (author's transl)].

The author - a collector of ophthalmological medals - made a list of all ophthalmological medals and coins that he could find. In this cataloguq he does not only mention the memorial and prize medals of ophthalmologists but also those of physicists, physiologists, surgeons, opticians who have made a name in the field of ophthalmology. Further ophthalmological congress medals and badges are presented.

Catalogs as Topic↗

PubMed2001

The neuro-ophthalmologic examination (including coma).

Ophthalmologic practice requires a solid foundation in the principles and interpretation of the neuro-ophthalmologic examination. This article reviews the techniques used in the neuro-ophthalmologic examination to assess visual acuity, ocular motility, visual fields, the pupils, the eyelids, and the fundus. The neuro-ophthalmological examination in comatose patients is also reviewed. Neuro-ophthalmic techniques are paramount in the assessment of comatose patients, especially with regard to brainstem localization and diagnosis.

Color Perception↗

PubMed2002

[Acute ophthalmology clinic in the new system of organized health care].

PURPOSE: To analyse possibilities, needs, expenses and perspectives of the emergency service in ophthalmology clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The number of patients were treated and diagnosis profile set. It has been analysed in emergency service in ophthalmology clinic. The calculation of patient's need and hospital operating costs has been performed. RESULTS: Only a few patients needed high specialist rescue of ophthalmology department. CONCLUSION: The system in which every patient has a possibility to go to the emergency service in ophthalmology department of hospital requires urgent changes. This system is too expensive for hospital and does not solve the problem who should take care of the patient: a general practitioner, out-patients ophthalmologist or other physicians.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Present-day positions of the clinical-and-social ophthalmology].

Outlined in the paper are the basic trends and tasks of clinical-and-social ophthalmology--research and practice related with the medical-and-social consequences of disabling visual impairments as well as of blindness and disability due to vision. They comprise: 1) A study of the epidemiological, social-and-hygienic and clinical-and-ophthalmologic aspects of blindness and disability; 2) Scientific elaboration of methodological, clinical, social and managerial positions and criteria of ophthalmologic and of medical-and-social expertise; 3) A theoretical definition of the methodological principles for medical-and-social rehabilitation of the disabled due to vision. Data are presented of the rate of blindness and disability due to ophthalmic pathologies in the Russian Federation. The modern standpoints of ophthalmologic medical-and-social expertise and rehabilitation of persons with visual lesions are elucidated.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Caring for academic ophthalmology in Croatia.

Like any other area of academic medicine in Croatia, academic ophthalmology has always been limited by or has depended on the factors outside the profession itself: during the communist regime, it was mostly political and ideological correctness of academic ophthalmologists, and today during the social and economic transition, it is the lack of finances, planning, and sophisticated technology. The four university eye clinics, which are the pillars of academic ophthalmology in Croatia, provide health care to most difficult cases, educate students, residents, and specialists, and do research. On the other hand, they lack equipment, room, and financial recognition. This ever growing imbalance between requirements imposed on academic ophthalmology today and its possibilities make it less and less attractive, especially in comparison with private practice. The possible solution lies in increasing the independence of ophthalmology from pharmaceutical industry and politics, especially in research and financial aspects.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed2005

[Citation analysis of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology from 2001 to 2004].

OBJECTIVE: To study the aspects of citation of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology and the requirement and utilization of literatures by the scientists working in the field of ophthalmology. METHODS: The citation analysis was used to analyze the references cited in the 926 articles published in the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology from 2001 to 2004. RESULTS: The citation rate was 91.79% and there were 8.05 citations per article. Citations from journals and books accounted for 91.97% and 7.85% of all citations, respectively. The Price Index was 35.50% and the self-citation rate was 8.40%. The citations from the high-ranked 17 journals accounted for 54.03% of all citations. CONCLUSIONS: The articles cited by papers published in the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology cover a wide variety of journals. Most citations came from the English journals. The half-citing life is relatively longer and the Price Index is relatively low. It indicates that the authors' ability for using the recently published articles should be improved.

Bibliometrics↗

PubMed2005

[A citation analysis of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the academic level and the popularity of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology by an analysis of the citation of this journal. METHOD: According to the information of Chinese Medical citation Index (CMCI), we statistically analyzed the amount and distribution of the original papers in Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology cited by the journal included by CMCI. RESULTS: The average of original articles cited by other researchers is 4.17, many articles had a high citation rate. The authors of these articles were from 32 provinces and/or municipalities. Beijing, Guangdong and Shanghai were in the front of ophthalmic research. There were 354 citing journals, and self-citing rate was 8.87%. CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology has published high quality articles, and has its own edition styles to keep its steady level of research. It is one of the most important information resources for the ophthalmology researchers and is one of the most important core medical journals in China.

Bibliometrics↗

PubMed2005

[Ophthalmological tests value in detection of the optic neuropathy associated with pituitary tumours].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the value of ophthalmological tests in detection of the optic neuropathy associated with pituitary tumours. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 38 patients with pituitary tumours in 21-73 years old, were examined. Routine ophthalmological examination, kinetic and static perimetry (screening test, "white-on-white" and "blue-on-yellow") and PVEP were performed. RESULTS: In patients with recurrent tumours (group II) more changes was observed in routine ophthalmological examination, perimetry and PVEP compared to patients with early detected pituitary tumours (group I). No patient of group I present changes in routine ophthalmological examination, but they had visual field defects and/or abnormal PVEP. In group I in Ps B-Y more visual field defects was detected than in kinetic perimetry (p<0.025). In the same group hemifield PVEP was more often abnormal than full-field PVEP (p<0.01). In group II similar differences were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with pituitary tumours the most useful test in the optic neuropathy diagnosis are "blue-on-yellow" static perimetry and hemifield PVEP.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Statistics analysis of the first authors and their institutions in Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology from 2002 to 2004].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the first authors and their institutions in Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology from 2002 to 2004. METHOD: All of the first authors and their institute issued in Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology from 2002 to 2004 were collected in the study, the data was statistically analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 775 articles have been issued on the journal in the period of time. There were ten authors who issued more than 5 articles individually at total 79, which covers 10.19%. There were 20 institutes in which more then 10 papers were published as first author in each institute, covering 60.26% (total 467). As the first authors from Non-ophthalmology institute issued 25 articles, covering 3.23%. CONCLUSIONS: The authors who published the most articles in the journal are XIAO Li-hua, XIE Li-xin and ZHAO Jia-liang. The institutes affiliated with the first authors that issued the most articles are Eye Research Center of Zhongshan University, Eye Research Center of Peking Union Hospital, Capital medical university and Shandong Eye institute; Non-ophthalmology institute affiliated with the first author are Central Laboratory of the first people's hospital, Shanghai Transportation University.

Academies and Institutes↗

PubMed1990

Surgical psycho-ophthalmology and contracted sockets.

Surgical psycho-ophthalmology is the integration of ophthalmic surgery and medicine with basics in psychiatry and psychology, lest the psyche be forgotten amid the spectacular leaps in techniques and technology, or our judgment be veiled by our related psychodynamics [1]. Its scope encompasses a much broader spectrum than the conventional psychosomatic eye diseases. Besides due consideration of the psychological and physical conditions of patients, it increases the awareness of the surgeons' psychodynamics that reflect on our continuing judgment before, during, and after surgery. Further, surgical psycho-ophthalmology impacts on the indications, timing, planning, and performance of each individual operation and/or reoperation. It equally emphasizes both the psychologic priming of patients and attuning of the surgical team. In establishing and maintaining rapport with the patient, surgical psycho-ophthalmology helps to curb the growing problems of malpractice, iatrogenicity, and noncompliance. It also stresses careful weighing of the risk/benefit ratio in adherence to the surgical axiom: "primum non nocere". Despite all advances and ingenuity in contracted socket surgery, the challenge still remains. However, with the proper evaluation and management in the perspective of psycho-ophthalmology we may achieve success, not only in esthetics, but also in sight preservation, and even in life salvage.

Eye Enucleation↗

PubMed1977

[On the history of ophthalmology and of the eye clinic in Münster (author's transl)].

The development of ophthalmology in Münster is described from the itinerant oculists and sooth-sayers of the middle ages to the completion of the enlargements to the eye clinic in the year 1977. After the foundation of the university in 1780 Prof. Anton Sentrup, Professor of Anatomy, held the first lecture in the special field of instruction of ophthalmology. But up to the introduction of a chair for ophthalmology more than a century passed by, after the university in Münster was closed in 1818 in favour of the unversity in Bonn following political changes. In the so's of the 19th century private eye clinics were foundet in Münster. In 1924 the new University in Münster received a chair for ophthalmology. The first director of the eye clinic was Prof. Aurel von Szily. He was followed by Oswald Marchesani, Wilhelm Rohrschneider, Wolfgang Riehm and Fritz Hollwich. The increase in the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities and the continuously increasing numbers of patients made necessary the enlargement of the clinic by the addition of an operation and ward wing and of an outpatients' department. These additions which were begun in 1968 were completed in summer 1977 under the leadership of Prof. Hollwich.

Germany↗

PubMed1979

Rationale for a program in community ophthalmology.

The high incidence of eye abnormalities among blacks, coupled with the relative unavailability of ophthalmic services, has resulted in excessive rates of blindness otherwise preventable or curable. As a consequence, incidence rates for blindness are higher for the black population than the white population.Statistics show that black children requiring eyeglasses are less likely to receive eyeglasses than similar age-matched white children. In virtually every state surveyed, blacks were more frequently and severely afflicted with eye diseases and were less likely to receive treatment than whites. Yet, no programs exist in any state specifically targeted to promote eye care among blacks and reverse the ever-worsening trend. Additional data characterizing the scope of the problem shall be presented.An initial strategy for approaching the problem, namely, community ophthalmology, has been developed. Community ophthalmology represents a new discipline promoting eye health and blindness prevention through programs utilizing methodologies of public health, community medicine, and ophthalmology. Basically, the use of community ophthalmology strategies is critical to positive out-come, when given a population composed of blacks and other minorities who are chronically underserved with regard to all sectors of health.The evolution and rationale for these concepts are discussed from national, as well as international, perspectives.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Ophthalmologic care for persons with diabetes.

The provision of ophthalmologic care to diabetic patients was examined in a large, geographically defined population-based study in southern Wisconsin. Of the total of 2,272 patients examined, 902 were taking insulin and were diagnosed before 30 years of age (younger onset) and 1,370 were diagnosed at or after 30 years of age (older onset). Approximately 26% of the younger-onset and 36% of the older-onset diabetic population had never had an ophthalmologic examination. Characteristics of the younger-onset and older-onset population associated with never having had an ophthalmologic examination included living in a nonmetropolitan county, being older at the time of diagnosis, having a shorter duration of diabetes, having fewer years of education, receiving their diabetes care from a family or general practitioner, and having better visual acuity. Eleven percent of younger- and 7% of older-onset persons with Diabetic Retinopathy Study high-risk characteristics for severe visual loss had never been seen or were seen more than two years before the time of the study. Because severe visual loss caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy may be reduced by timely photocoagulation treatment, this study suggests that a large number of patients who would benefit from ophthalmologic care are currently not receiving it.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Ophthalmology undergraduate education in Canada.

OBJECTIVE: To compile a database recording components of undergraduate education in ophthalmology in Canada. DESIGN: Mailed questionnaire survey. SETTING: The 16 Canadian medical schools. PARTICIPANTS: All ophthalmology undergraduate program directors. OUTCOME MEASURES: Teaching hours, subjects and clinical skills taught, examination methods. RESULTS: Almost all schools covered a similar curriculum and used multiple-choice examinations. The number of hours devoted to preclerkship teaching was similar, but only seven schools had a mandatory clerkship rotation. Overall, 69% of the annual graduating medical school class receive clinical exposure to ophthalmology during their clerkship. Almost all schools provided electives that were similar in structure. CONCLUSIONS: There was great similarity in the curricula for medical student teaching in Canada. Efforts should be undertaken to increase the proportion of medical students receiving clinical teaching in ophthalmology. Increased coordination and collaboration in undergraduate teaching can be achieved in specific areas with future data sharing.

Canada↗

PubMed1998

Scientific thinking in ophthalmology.

Science, medicine and ophthalmology have all evolved and progressed through varied but powerful influences over the centuries. While the tremendous technological advances in ophthalmology in the past 20 years are readily appreciated, many clinicians fail to grasp the impact of the several clinical trials that have contributed to better patient care. This article briefly traces the history of science, medicine and ophthalmology, and explains how scientific thinking could be applied to the clinical and academic aspects of ophthalmology.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗