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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Post-aromatic deoxygenation in polyketide biosynthesis: reduction of aromatic rings in the biosyntheses of fungal melanin and anthraquinone.

Two enzyme reactions involved in the post-aromatic deoxygenation process of fungal melanin and pigments were studied from the viewpoint of enzymic reduction of aromatic rings. Hydroxynaphthalene reductase that catalyzes reduction of the aromatic rings of 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene and 1,3,8-trihydroxynapthalene was partially purified from Phialophora lagerbergii and characterized. Emodin deoxygenase of Pyrenochaeta terrestris that catalyzes deoxygenation of emodin to afford chrysophanol was found to be resolved into two protein fractions with DEAE-cellulose column. The two protein fractions acted synergistically in regard to emodin deoxygenase activity.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Auricular chromoblastomycosis. A case report].

It is presented a case of auricular chromoblastomycosis mimicking an eczematous lesions. The authors refer the rarity of this localization. All reported cases of auricular chromoblastomycosis have been caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi but in the present case the etiologic agent was Phialophora verrucosa.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Partial chemical characterization of antigenic preparations of chromoblastomycosis agents.

Antigenic preparations (saline, methylic, metabolic and exoantigens) of four agents of chromoblastomycosis, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladophialophora (Cladosporium) carrionii and Rhinocladiella aquaspersa were obtained. Partial chemical characterization of these antigenic preparations was obtained by determination of the levels of total lipids, protein, and carbohydrates, and identification of the main sterols and carbohydrates. Methylic antigens presented the highest lipid contents, whereas metabolic antigens showed the highest carbohydrate content. Total lipid, protein, and carbohydrate levels were in the range of 2.33 to 2.00 mg/ml, 0.04 to 0.02 mg/ml and 0.10 to 0.02 mg/ml, respectively, in the methylic antigens and in the range of 0. 53 to 0.18 mg/ml, 0.44 to 0.26 mg/ml, and 1.82 to 1.02 mg/ml, respectively, in saline antigens. Total lipid, protein, and carbohydrate contents were in the range of 0.55 to 0.20 mg/ml, 0.69 to 0.57 mg/ml and 10.73 to 5.93 mg/ml, respectively, in the metabolic antigens, and in the range of 0.55 to 0.15 mg/ml, 0.62 to 0.20 mg/ml and 3.55 to 0.42 mg/ml, respectively, in the exoantigens. Phospholipids were not detected in the preparations. Saline and metabolic antigens and exoantigens presented hexose and the methylic antigen revealed additional pentose units in their composition. The UV light absorption spectra of the sterols revealed squalene and an ergosterol fraction in the antigens. The characterization of these antigenic preparations may be useful for serological evaluation of patients of chromoblastomycosis.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phialemonium curvatum infection after bone marrow transplantation.

We report a case of cutaneous infection caused by Phialemonium curvatum GAMS et COOKE, 1983, after bone marrow transplantation. The genus Phialemonium was created by GAMS & MCGINNIS in 1983 including three new species: Ph. obovatum, Ph. curvatum and Ph. dimorphosporum, and represents an intermediate genus between Acremonium and Phialophora. Nowadays, the genus Phialemonium is considered to be a pheoid fungus which may cause the eventual lesions observed in pheo- and hyalohyphomycosis. Species of this genus have been described as opportunistic agents in humans and animals, mainly as a result of immunosuppression. In the present case, the patient had multiple myeloma and received an allogenic bone marrow transplant from his HLA-compatible brother. Two months after transplantation, he developed purplish and painful nodular lesions on the right ankle. Some of these lesions drained spontaneously and apparently hyaline mycelial filaments were observed, whose culture was initially identified as Acremonium sp. Subsequent studies showed that the fungus was Phialemonium curvatum. The infection was treated with amphotericin B, followed by ketoconazole. The patient was submitted to surgical debridement followed by two skin grafts to repair the bloody area. The duration of the treatment was 4 months and secondary prophylaxis with ketoconazole alone was maintained for one additional month. No recurrence was observed after discontinuation of treatment. The authors comment on the pathogenicity of the genus Phialemonium.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Isolation and characterization of two strains of Streptomyces able to metabolize natural polysaccharides including mannan (author's transl)].

Two strains of aerobic and mesophilic microorganisms were isolated from palm-tree plantation sand. They grew on insoluble polysaccharides: mannan, cellulose, chitin as only source of carbon. This lytic activity was used for the purification of the two strains. The morphology of the organisms and the presence of LL-diaminopimetic acid in their cell-wall are characteristic of the genus Streptomyces. Investigations lead to: 1) the characterization of their specific polysaccharidase activity toward insoluble and natural beta-and alpha-glycans (mannan, cellulose, chitin, pectine and starch) and the formation of soluble saccharides (mannobiose, cellobiose, beta-D-N-acetylglucosamine, galacturonic acid, and maltose); 2) the research for antagonist, or synergic, effect on pathogenic bacteria and certain phytopathogenic microorganisms; only in the case of these latter was a weak lytic activity exerted by the two Streptomyces isolates, but one of them was shown to stimulate Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Phialophora cinerescens; 3) a study of antibiotic sensitivity; the two strains were sensitive to tetracycline and streptomycin, but they had native resistance to other aminosides (gentamicin, kanamycin), to erythromycin and to the beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillin and cephalosporin); they possessed a beta-lactamase bound to the cell membrane.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1999

[Fungal flora in chicken stalls and its etiopathogenic importance for humans and animals].

In order to find out the mycoflora prevailing in chicken pens, and to appreciate the health hazards for employees (incl. veterinarians) and animals, twenty litter samples and 6 sedimented dust trials were analysed mycologically. The following results were found: Bedding and dust samples all contained between 3.57 and 1.30 x 10(7) c.f.u./g DW. The commonest fungus is A. fumigatus with 3.41 x 10(4) - 1.30 x 10(7) c.f.u./g DW in bedding and 2.70 x 10(5) - 3.30 x 10(6) c.f.u./g DW in sedimented dust. In addition, the following fungal spp. were detected (in c.f.u./g DW): Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (3.57 x 10(3) - 6.50 x 10(7)), Pseudallescheria boydii (2.70 x 10(6)), A. flavus group (up to 8.41 x 10(5)), A. clavatus (6.00 x 10(5)), Candida albicans (4.88 x 10(5)), Alternaria spp. (4.49 x 10(5)), Penicillium spp. (up to 1.06 x 10(5)), A. terreus (8.47 x 10(4)), A. versicolor group (up to 8.44 x 10(4)), A. niger (5.93 x 10(4)), Aureobasidium sp. (3.96 x 10(3)), Mucor circinelloides (3.42 x 10(3)), Phialophora sp. (1.30 x 10(3)), C. pseudoiropicalis (4.04 x 10(2)), A. nidulans (3.90 x 10(2)), Acremonium sp. (3.55 x 10(2)), M. racemosus (1.19 x 10(2)). Negligible was the detected level of Chrysosporium pannorum (84.10), Rhizomucor pusillus (81.00), Beauveria alba (59.60), C. tropicalis (40.40), Trichoderma sp. (4.70), A. flavipes (4.38). Dermatophytes were not found. The fungal spectrum was broader in the dust than in litter samples.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed2000

Conservation in probiotic preparations of Lactobacillus with inhibitory capacity on other species.

Strains of Lactobacillus isolated from dairy products and genital tract competed with Candida albicans through a membrane of 12000 dalton cut-off. This inhibition was due to hydrogen peroxide and was trypsin-stable, heat-sensitive and antagonized by catalase. Lactobacillus coming from "starters" showed antimicrobial activity against fungus isolated in a yogurt factory. Penicillium, Alternaria, Phialophora, Microsporum and Candida spp. were inhibited when 10(2) spores were inoculated in the assay. No inhibition was observed with 10(5) spores. Besides, one of 21 Lactobacillus strains isolated from the vaginas of healthy women inhibited pathogenic bacteria by means a bacteriocin trypsin-sensitive, heat-stable and retained by dialysis membrane. Tablets for future probiotic use were prepared and the viability of bacteria was assayed using media with different compositions. Pharmaceutical preparations with polyethyleneglycol was the best formulation for the Lactobacillus viability, the counts remained between 10(7) and 10(6) cfu/tablet for up to 1 year.

Antibiosis↗
PubMed2003

Mould specific IgG antibodies connected with sinusitis in teachers of mould damaged school: a two-year follow-up study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between mould exposure induced by moisture damage and mould specific immunoglobulin G antibodies to 20 common mould species and their association with respiratory diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mould specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were monitored in teachers in a follow-up after an extensive mould remediation process in school buildings. IgG antibodies to 20 different microbes were determined from the sera of 26 teachers (19 exposed and 7 references) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum samples were drawn twice, firstly at the completion of the remediation in the spring of 1997 and secondly, two years later in the spring of 1999. Health data was collected with self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: No statistical differences were found in the overall concentrations of 20 mould-specific IgG-antibodies between the study and control groups at the beginning of the study. An association between sinusitis and elevated mould-specific IgG-levels forAspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus versicolor, Aureobasidium pullulans, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Phialophora bubakii, Rhodotorula glutinis, Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, Stachybotrys atra, and Tritirachium roseum was found in the study group. CONCLUSIONS: In a two-year follow-up the total concentration of the IgG antibodies for Tr. toseum was lower at the end than at the beginning of the follow-up and this remained significant for the group of teachers with sinusitis. The decrease in mould specific IgG to Cl. cladosporioides, Geotrichum candidum, Ph. bubakii and Rhizopus nigricans was associated with bronchitis. According to our knowledge, this is the first study in which the association between elevated mould specific IgG antibodies and sinusitis was found in the school environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Morphologic and physiologic characteristics of Costa Rica pathogenic fungi (Dermatiaceae)].

Forty one strains of dematiaceous fungi from the Mycology collection of the University of Costa Rica were studied. Thirty three were pathogenic (Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Cladosporium carrionii, Xylohypha bantiana, Exophiala jeanselmei, Rhinocladiella aquaspersa, Phialophora verrucosa) and the other eight were contaminants (Hormodendrum sp.). Morphological studies were done using the slide culture technique. The physiological criteria used were: urease production, gelatin and Loeffler media liquefaction; xanthine, tyrosine, starch and casein hydrolysis; nitrate utilization; carbohydrate uptake; sensitivity to cycloheximide and thermotolerance in glucose-Sabouraud medium. The physiological tests did not provide characteristic patterns for the different genera of pathogenic fungi, even though these differences were detected in non pathogenic fungi; the tests may be useful for the quick separation of both groups. Physiological test may have a limited value in the identification of fungi and the morphological analysis cannot be substituted by physiological studies.

Costa Rica↗
PubMed1989

Chromoblastomycosis.

Chromoblastomycosis, together with phaeohyphomycosis and mycetoma, makes up the disease entities caused by the dematiaceous fungi. Most cases of chromoblastomycosis are caused by five genera of fungi: Fonsecaea compactum, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladosporium carrionii, and Rhino-cladiella aquaspersa. The disease has a cosmopolitan distribution but predominates in rural, agricultural settings. Clinically, chromoblastomycosis is hallmarked by verrucous nodules at the site of fungal implantation. Treatment involves surgical excision of the affected area, antimycotic agents, physical modalities such as temperature manipulation, or a combination of these.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Seasonal variation of allergy-causing fungi in the southern part of Mexico City].

The presence of mycotic flora in atmospheric medium has always been an interesting field for allergologists and ecologists interested in the problems of environmental contamination. In 1904 Saito in Japan demonstrated that certain spores of fungus when inhaled by susceptible individuals can produce severe respiratory processes. Since then many studies have been performed to determine the generic and species of causative fungus responsible for respiratory allergy, as well to understand its growth, movement and seasonal variations and its relation with the habits of man. Fungi which may produce allergy were investigated in 6 zones of the south of Mexico City, from November, 1981 to October, 1982. In each zone 108 samples were taken. Petri dishes containing Sabouraud medium were exposed during 10 minutes. The number of colonies per Petri dish; 27.6 per cent of the micro-organisms isolated corresponded to allergy producing fungi. The highest frequency of fungal isolation (6,512 colonies) was obtained in summer and the least (1,397 colonies) during winter. The principal genera isolated were: Rhodotorula: 2,418 (16.7%); Phialophora: 2,071 (14.4%); Penicillium: 743 (5.1%); Alternaria: 111 (0.7%). The most frequent species of the Aspergillus were: A. niger, A. fumigatus and A. flavus. The paper discusses the importance of the different factors which can influence the frequency and the seasonal variations of these fungi.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1979

[Dermatology in French Guiana].

In French Guayana, climatic and geographic conditions enhance development of numerous fungal, parasitic and microbial skin diseases. The most particular infectious diseases of this French department are lobomycosis, chromomycosis (Phialophora pedrosoi), creeping disease, cutaneous leishmaniasis, tungiasis, mycobacterial ulcus (Mycobacterium ulcerans) and papular dermatitis caused by nettling hairs of lepidoptera (Hylesia urticans). The occurence of these skin diseases is demonstrative of pathological ecology of the Amazonian country.

Chromoblastomycosis↗
PubMed1979

Cystic chromomycosis due to Wangiella dermatitidis.

Chromomycosis is a chronic, slowly progressive disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue produced by several species of dematiaceous or pigmented fungi, especially Phialophora gougeroti. Verrucous nodules and flattened annular plaques are the most frequently reported skin lesions in chromomycosis, but deep abscesses and cystic lesions have also been reported. We describe herein a case of cystic chromomycosis due to Wangiella dermatitidis that developed following a nonprenetrating injury to the thumb.

Chromoblastomycosis↗
PubMed1983

Auricular chromomycosis.

Chromomycosis, a relatively uncommon infection caused by a variety of dematiaceous fungi, eg, Phialophora verrucosa, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Fonsecaea compacta, Cladosporium carrionii, Rhinocladiella aquaspersa, and Cladophialophora ajelloi, reflects a spectrum of disease ranging from an usually localized cutaneous form to rare visceral involvement. The cutaneous form has been reported to involve almost any site on the body surface. However, the lesions are usually confined to the extremities, face, or buttocks; other parts of the body are rarely affected. We report a case of chromomycosis that involved the auricle.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Unusual causes of chromomycosis].

The typical clinical picture and mycological and histological basis of chromomycosis is compared with the clinical course, which is encountered more often nowadays. It refers also to the affection of the vascular, respiratory, lymphatic system, the brain and the dissemination in compromised patients. For this reason chromomycosis should rank among opportunistic mycoses. Chromohyphomycosis characterized by skin nodules occurs very rarely. Subcutaneous abscesses also called phaeomycotic cysts, are more frequent especially after corticoid and immunosuppressive therapy. Among three Czechoslovak cases of chromomycosis, the case in Pilsen can be evaluated as uncommon. It was caused by Phialophora pedrosoi and passed as a skin form of chromomycosis. The lesion developed on the right forefinger of a patient who never visited tropical countries. She never was seriously ill, never treated with antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, or corticosteroids. The histological examination of the excision revealed a granuloma with histiocytes and many giant cells phagocytizing typical spherical brown microorganisms. The patient was cured by KI, intraiodine and X-ray therapy.

Aged↗