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PubMed1976

Iron homeostasis in plasmacytoma-bearing mice.

Plasmacytomas in mice have been shown to contain significant quantities of nonheme iron, half of which is in the form of ferritin. The livers of animals with plasmacytomas have a decreased iron content, and plasma iron is reduced. The animals develop an anemia that is partially corrected by parenteral iron. However, when plasmacytoma-bearing mice are given excessive amounts of parenteral iron, the surplus is stored in the liver of animals rather than in the tumor itself. These findings suggest that plasmacytomas sequester iron and deprive other organs of it to satisfy their own need. However, the tumors do not function as a storage site for iron above their own need.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗

PubMed2005

[A case of extramedullary plasmacytoma in the mediastinum].

A 80-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for examination of a mediastinal mass. Chest CT showed a 6 x 9 cm mass in the left anterior mediastinum. The left main bronchus and pulmonary artery were invaded by the mass. Bronchoscopic examination showed compression of the left main bronchus by the mass and enlarged lymph nodes. The left upper lobe and lingular bronchi were almost occluded. The overlying mucosa was invaded by tumor tissue. Microscopic findings of specimen obtained by transtracheal biopsy showed plasma cells of various sizes were at different stages of differentiation. Immunohistochemical staining revealed IgA monoclonality. Whole-body bone scan and bone marrow aspiration excluded multiple myeloma and a diagnosis of extramedullary plasmacytoma was made. Serum protein electrophoresis showed an IgA monoclonal gammopathy. Immunoelectrophoresis of the serum revealed an IgA kappa monoclonal component. These suggested that tumor cells were producing monoclomal IgA kappa light chain. Radiotherapy was effective in reducing the size of the plasmacytoma, and serum IgA reverted to normal. A 67-Ga scan showed strongly increased uptake in the left anterior mediastinum. Chest CT after radiotherapy showed that the decreased mass had an extrapleural sign against the mediastinal pleura. We determined that the origin of the plasmacytoma was probably the mediastinum. We reported a rare case of extramedullary plasmacytoma in the mediastinum.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[A case of plasmacytoma of the ribs with intrathoracic tumors].

A 75-year-old male was admitted because of two tumors, one in the left middle lung field and one in the right upper lung field. Chest CT revealed intrathoracic tumors extending from destroyed ribs. Biopsy specimens of both tumors showed well-differentiated plasmacytoma. Retrospective investigation suggested that solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) originating in the left fourth rib had developed into multiple myeloma (MM). Both tumors were treated with doses of 50 Gy irradiation and responded very well. Intrathoracic plasmacytomas have rarely been observed, so we have no established classification or therapy. According to reported cases, we classified intrathoracic plasmacytomas into 5 groups, and consider that treatment with doses of over 40 Gy irradiation was adequate for local control.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Testicular plasmacytoma. A case report with immunohistochemical studies and literature review.

Plasmacytomas of the testes are extremely rare tumors, especially when occurring in the absence of a previous or concurrent diagnosis of multiple myeloma. We present a case of solitary testicular plasmacytoma in a 71-year-old man who had no clinical evidence of myeloma. Immunohistochemical stains showed monoclonal cytoplasmic production of IgA-kappa within tumor cells. A summary of the other reported cases of testicular plasmacytoma is presented. Plasmacytoma of the testes, while occasionally manifesting as a solitary, primary lesion, most likely is a precocious, highly unusual manifestation of systemic multiple myeloma.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

[Immunohistochemical detection and ultrastructural features of solitary plasmacytoma of maxillary bone--case presentation].

Plasma cell neoplasm have been classified as multiple myeloma, solitary plasmacytoma and extramedullary plasmacytoma. The solitary plasmacytoma of maxilla is a rare condition. It is a single focus of myelomatous tissue with no dissemination to other parts of the skeleton. This paper presents a case of solitary plasmacytoma in the maxillary bone. Roentgenographic examination revealed a cystic-like osteolytic lesion over the left posterior portion of maxillary bone, invading maxillary sinus. The CT scan showed the tumor mass occupied the left maxillary sinus and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, protruding to the buccal side of the left face. The tumor cells were composed of densely packed round and polygonal cell structures which were scattered in relatively sparse stoma. The neoplastic cells have large, single eccentric nucleus, resembling typical plasma cells. The ultrastructural studies of tumor cells revealed numerous endoplasmic reticulum. There were arranged in a lamellar pattern, large numbers of mitochondria in perinuclear distribution and prominent Golgi complex. Nuclei showed patch condensation of chromatin and large nucleoli. The monoclonal staining (anti-Kappa and anti-IgG) of tumor cells by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase immunohistochemical technique, proved that the plasma cell lesion is neoplastic in nature. The tumor mass was eradicated by total resection, followed by X-ray radiation (4200 RADS). The patient is in good physical condition. There has been no clinical evidence of recurrence three years after surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Solitary plasmacytomas of the spine: a review of 84 cases.

In order to document the differences in survival between patients with solitary plasmacytoma and those with multiple myeloma involving the spine, we have reviewed the cases of 12 patients with solitary plasmacytoma of the vertebral column treated at the University of Iowa and an additional 72 cases reported in the literature. All patients were followed for 2 years or more without evidence of disseminated disease. The mean disease-free interval for 84 patients was 76 months; 44% of the patients developed disseminated disease, 2-13 years after diagnosis. The 5-year, disease-free survival was 60%. In our study group, survival following dissemination was limited, with a mean of 17 months. This review of 84 cases of solitary plasmacytoma of the spine confirms the significantly greater survival of patients with solitary plasmacytoma, and supports the use of radiotherapy as the treatment modality of choice.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the larynx].

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is histologically rare larynx tumor. Of the 620 treated larynx carcinomas, extramedullary plasmacytoma makes up 0.1% of larynx carcinomas recorded in our case reports. The symptoms of larynx EMP are like other tumor symptoms of the same site. Clinically, solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma is like a cyst. It is epithelialized and radiates grey light. Findings obtained by biopsy and extemporary histology did not confirm plasmacytoma. The diagnosis was made by histochemical procedure.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

Increased T gamma and T mu cells in BALB/c mice with IgG and IgM plasmacytomas and hybridomas.

The results of previous studies in our laboratory have shown that mice bearing plasmacytomas and hybridomas that secrete IgA or IgE are accompanied by increased frequencies of Lyt-1-2+ T lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors (FcR) for IgA (T alpha) or IgE (T epsilon), respectively. The present study was undertaken to examine whether IgG- or IgM-secreting tumors influenced the frequency of T lymphocytes that express FcR for IgG or IgM. We studied mice bearing IgG- and IgM-secreting plasmacytomas and hybridomas. BALB/c mice injected subcutaneously with the IgG-secreting hybridoma HDP1 (gamma 1 kappa, anti-TNP) were sequentially examined for the frequencies and Lyt phenotypes of splenic lymphocytes bearing FcR for IgG (T gamma), IgM (T mu), and IgA (T alpha). A threefold increase in the frequency of T gamma lymphocytes that were Lyt-1-2+, L3T4- was seen. The frequencies of T mu and T alpha lymphocytes in these mice were not significantly altered. Similarly, mice injected subcutaneously with the IgM-secreting plasmacytoma MOPC 104E (mu lambda, anti-dextran) or the IgM-secreting hybridoma C1D1 (mu kappa, anti-ox RBC) were examined sequentially for the frequencies of T gamma, T mu, and T alpha lymphocytes. Mice with established IgM subcutaneous tumors showed a twofold increase in splenic, nylon wool-nonadherent T mu lymphocytes. This was associated with a relative increase in Lyt-2+ splenic T lymphocytes and a relative decrease in Lyt-1+ splenic T lymphocytes. No changes were observed in the frequencies of either T gamma or T alpha lymphocytes. These studies extend to IgG and IgM the observation that plasmacytomas and hybridomas secreting immunoglobulins of a specific isotype cause an expansion of T lymphocytes bearing FcR specific for the corresponding isotype. The expansion of FcR+ Lyt-1-2+ T lymphocytes likely represents an exaggerated, but otherwise normal, immunoregulatory response of the host. These cells may be an important element in the regulation of isotype expression.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

[Extramedullary plasmacytoma forming a mass in the epidural space of the spinal cord: report of a case].

Plasmacytoma often forms an intramedullary mass in the vertebrae with absorption of trabecula and cortex of the bone. However, occasionally, it forms a mass in the extramedullary space of the vertebrae. The authors report such a rare case with plasmacytoma which formed a mass in the thoracic epidural space without evidence of involvement of the adjacent vertebra. On May 22, 1985, a 80-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with chief complaints of gait disturbance and hypesthesia below the umbilical level. Difficulty of walking developed approximately four months prior to admission with gradual aggravation and hypesthesia added thereafter. Neurological examinations at admission showed paraparesis with positive Babinski's and Chaddock's reflexes, hypesthesia and disturbances of vibration and position senses below the 9th thoracic nerve level. Myelography and CT scan using metrizamide indicated a presence of epidural mass at the 8th to 9th thoracic vertebrae. There was no abnormal bony change in the spine on plain X-ray and CT scan. On May 30, 1985, total removal of epidural tumor was performed by removing the laminae from the 7th to 10th vertebrae. Histological examinations including immunological stainings showed a plasmacytoma which produced monoclonal immunoglobulin of IgG-lambda type. Radiation therapy was not carried out. The serum protein fraction, immunoglobulin, immunoelectrophoresis, Bence-Jones protein and CSF immunoglobulin examined after operation, supported a histological diagnosis of plasmacytoma. Also, slight proliferation of plasma cells was noted in the bone marrow and peripheral blood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1985

[Induction of drug resistance to sarcolysine in plasmacytoma line MORC/406].

A sarcolysine-resistant strain of mouse plasmacytoma MOPC/406 was obtained in experiments on 250 BALB/c mice. The initial plasmacytoma strain is highly sensitive to sarcolysine. When administered in doses of 10 and 5 mg/kg it increases the lifespan up to 50 days (the observation period). In the course of resistance induction by incremental doses of sarcolysine, a highly resistant plasmacytoma strain was obtained. In the 20th generation of inoculations with the use of sarcolysine administration of 10 mg/kg (intraperitoneally) provided only a 18% increase in the lifespan, whereas the dose 5 mg/kg stimulated the growth of plasmacytoma. The strain obtained preserves its resistance under cryoconservation in liquid nitrogen, being a model that permits one to study resistance, cross-resistance and approaches to its overcoming.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Accelerated plasmacytoma formation in mice treated with alpha-fetoprotein.

The ability of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), derived from mouse amniotic fluid, to alter qualitative and quantitative characteristics of pristane-induced plasmacytomas and the carcinogenic action of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) and 7,12-dimethylbenz]a[-anthracene (DMBA) was studied and compared to analogous treatment with murine albumin and transferrin in BALB/c mice. Pharmacologic doses of 200 microgram AFP ip three times per week had no effect on either latency period or tumor incidence in mice given injections of MCA and DMBA when compared to albumin-treated and transferrin-treated controls. Moreover, this lack of influence of AFP was found at high and low dosages of the carcinogens. In contrast AFP, but neither albumin nor transferrin, accelerated the appearance of plasmacytomas in pristane-primed BALB/c mice. Moreover, the immunoglobulin class of plasmacytomas of mice given AFP injections was qualitatively altered, and in increase in IgM and IgG2b plasmacytomas was noted. These effects occurred at serum AFP levels of 90--260 microgram/ml. Although these results should not be used to support a normal physiologic role of AFP in immune regulation, they are similar to previous observations of suppression mediated by the alpha-globulin fraction of normal serum and suggest that pharmacologic dosages of AFP may be useful in the study of select, possibly thymus-dependent, immune responses.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗

PubMed1981

Multiple expression of Ig lambda-chain encoding RNA species in murine plasmacytoma cells.

The murine plasmacytoma MOPC 315, which synthesizes a complete IgA molecule containing lambda 2 light chains, is shown to synthesize a polypeptide related to the lambda 1 light chain. The abnormal lambda 1 polypeptide (m.w. approximately equal to 18,000) is encoded by a shorter polyA+ mRNA than the lambda 1 mRNAs of lambda 1-producing plasmacytomas. Polypeptides containing lambda 1-specific antigenic determinants have been found to be synthesized both in vitro by translations of RNA and in intact cells. HOPC-1, a lambda 1-producing plasmacytoma, was found to synthesize, in addition to the normal lambda 1-encoding mRNA, a lambda 2 RNA of normal length. A lambda 2-producing hybridoma does not appear to synthesize RNA encoding lambda 1 sequences. The results presented here show that more than 1 light chain gene may be transcribed within a single plasmacytoma cell. Although more than 1 light chain gene may be transcribed, the product of only 1 gene appears to be utilized for the synthesis of complete immunoglobulin molecules. This suggests novel mechanisms for the control of immunoglobulin expression.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Lymphocyte surface membrane immunoglobulin in myeloma. II. T cells with IgA-Fc receptors are markedly increased in mice with IgA plasmacytomas.

BALB/c mice with established subcutaneous IgA plasmacytomas (MOPC-315, MOPC-167, McPC-603, or TEPC-15) develop large numbers of circulating theta-bearing lymphocytes that have surface membrane receptors for IgA. The extraordinary expansion of T alpha cells in mice with IgA plasmacytomas accounts for the large number of lymphocytes with surface membrane myeloma protein that are found in these mice. The IgA myeloma protein that was originally bound to the T cell receptor in vivo was competitively displaced in vitro by other purified IgA myeloma proteins but not by their F(ab)' fragments. After overnight incubation in vitro, or brief exposure to pronase, IgA was released from the T cell surface, rendering available a surface membrane receptor for IgA. In vitro binding of purified IgA to the T alpha cell receptor was not inhibited by purified IgG1 or IgM myeloma proteins. T alpha cells were not increased in mice with three variant plasmacytomas that did not secrete large amounts of IgA. These observations: i) establish the generality of T alpha cell expansion in mice with IgA plasmacytomas, ii) establish an association between elevated serum IgA levels and T alpha cell expansion, and iii) identify a source of large numbers of T alpha cells that can be specifically purified for structural and functional studies.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Solitary gastric plasmacytoma. Case report and review of the literature].

The authors report a case of extramedullary gastric plasmacytoma followed from the clinical onset of the disease until the death of the patient. The literature on this topic was reviewed. The male patient underwent total gastrectomy with left splenopancreatectomy when he was 40 years old; after surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the plasmacytoma relapsed; the patient died 4 years after the first operation. Gastric plasmocytoma is a rare pathological entity; different postsurgical therapeutical approaches are derived from the inclusion of this gastric neoplasm in the lymphomas or in the extramedullary plasmacytomas. The authors emphasize a better response of the disease to adjuvant chemotherapy than to radiotherapy after surgery. it suggests the necessity of a separation of gastric plasmacytomas from the other gastric lymphomas.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Gene therapy of plasmacytoma: comparison of the therapeutic efficacy of tumour cells transduced with the interleukin-2, interleukin-4, or interleukin-6 genes.

The present study was designed to compare the tumour inhibitory effects of local therapy based on insertion of cloned IL-2, IL-4, or IL-6 genes into the genome of murine plasmacytoma X63-Ag8.653, followed by injection of the genetically modified cells to the vicinity of the parental plasmacytoma growing in syngeneic mice. It was also designed to investigate the effects of combined gene therapy with IL-2- and IL-6-producing plasmacytoma cells. It has been found that insertion of the IL-2 gene into the genome of X63-Ag8.653 cells can abrogate tumorigenicity of the transduced cells more effectively than insertion of the IL-4 or IL-6 gene. Peritumoral administration of the genetically modified plasmacytoma cells producing IL-6 (X63-h-IL-6) resulted in a therapeutic effect comparable with that of the IL-2-producing cells (X63-m-IL-2), whereas no substantial therapeutic effect of IL-4-producing cells (X63-m-IL4) was observed. The combined gene therapy with IL-2- and IL-6-producing cells did not give any additive or potentiated therapeutic effect.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[The larynx in lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative diseases. I: An overview with special reference to primary laryngeal malignant lymphomas and plasmacytomas].

Lymphoreticular neoplasms of the larynx are rare and comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors. A systematic survey of the literature and autoptic evaluation of the larynx in a relatively small number of patients with systemic lymphoreticular malignancies yielded the following findings: Primary tumors of the larynx must be clearly distinguished from laryngeal involvement by systemic or leukemic infiltrations. By far the most common primary hemopoietic tumors of the larynx are extramedullary plasmacytoma (about 90 cases published) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL; about 65 cases published). Primary Hodgkin's disease, granulocytic sarcoma and mast cell sarcoma are extremely rare at this site. Plasmacytoma and NHL both preferentially involve the supraglottis. The subglottis is infrequently affected. Laryngeal plasmacytoma and NHL usually present clinically as localized stage IE and IIE tumors that exhibit no significant tendency to recur or generalize. The therapy of choice is local irradiation while chemotherapy should be reserved for recurrent or progressive disease. Prognosis is favorable in most cases of primary laryngeal plasmacytoma and NHL. Secondary involvement of the larynx by systemic lesions or leukemic infiltrations is usually associated with a very poor prognosis. The prognosis of patients with laryngeal involvement in acute or chronic myeloid leukemia is always poor. Although the histopathological diagnoses given in many case reports are often difficult to compare because of differences in terminology, there seems to be a marked preponderance of B-cell tumors of high-grade malignancy (centroblastic or immunoblastic lymphoma in the Kiel classification of NHL) that probably represents lymphomas originating from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Hodgkin Disease↗

PubMed1993

Medical tumors of the chest wall. Solitary plasmacytoma and Ewing's sarcoma.

UNLABELLED: Primary solitary plasmacytoma and Ewing's sarcoma of the chest wall are relatively uncommon tumors, and data concerning treatment and results are sparse. To assess the results of therapy we reviewed our 40-year experience. METHODS: Records of 24 patients with solitary plasmacytoma and 62 with Ewing's sarcoma arising in the chest wall who were admitted to our institution from 1949 to 1989 were reviewed. RESULTS: In the group with plasmacytoma (n = 24), ages ranged from 35 to 75 years (median 59 years); male/female ratio was 2.4:1. The presenting complaint was pain or mass or both in 92% (22/24). Primary therapy was local only in 5 (resection in 3, radiotherapy in 2), chemotherapy in 16 (resection in 5, radiotherapy in 10, and chemotherapy alone in 1); 3 patients did not receive therapy. Multiple myeloma developed subsequently in 75% (18/24). Overall 5-year survival was 38% (median 56 months). Age, sex, site of primary tumor, and local therapy did not significantly impact on survival. Ages in the patients who had Ewing's sarcoma (n = 62) ranged from 2 to 39 years (median 16 years); male/female ratio was 1.6:1. Presenting complaint was pain or mass or both in 98% (61/62). Primary therapy was local in 17 (resection in 7, radiotherapy in 7, resection plus radiotherapy in 3) and chemotherapy in 45 (plus resection in 29, resection and radiotherapy in 10, and radiation therapy alone in 3). Overall 5-year survival was 48% (median 57 months). Age, sex, and site of primary tumor did not significantly impact on survival. Patients in whom distant metastases developed (n = 48) had a significantly decreased survival (5 year, 28%) compared with those who did not have metastases (n = 14; 5 year, 100%). CONCLUSION: Plasmacytoma of the chest wall, even if solitary at presentation, should be considered a systemic disease, and therapy should be directed as such. For Ewing's sarcoma, although resection or radiotherapy may offer local control, because of the prevalence of distant metastases (77%), systemic therapy should be considered an integral part of treatment.

Actuarial Analysis↗

PubMed1997

Genetic recombinations between c-myc and Igh mu as precursors for recombinations between c-myc and Igh alpha in BALB/c plasmacytomas.

In this paper we present evidence that primary plasmacytomas harboring a balanced chromosomal translocation t(12;15) may consist of a mosaic of neoplastic clones of tumor cells, in which some of the clones are derived from common progenitors by large additional deletions which alter or "remodel" the fine structure of the t(12;15) on the c-myc-deregulating chromosome. This finding is based on the molecular analysis of the t(12;15) in three plasmacytomas, TEPC 1194, PCT 4127 and PCT 4132, in which primary clones of tumor cells with recombinations between the Ig heavy-chain (Igh) mu locus (Igh mu) and c-myc were found to be related to secondary clones of tumor cells with recombinations between the Igh alpha locus (Igh alpha) and c-myc. Clonal relatedness was based on unique junction fragments between S mu and c-myc that were found to be identical in Igh mu/c-myc and Igh alpha/c-myc breakpoint regions. S mu/c-myc breakpoints with adjoining sequences can thus be used as clonotypic markers, providing molecular fingerprints for the evolution of precursor cells with Igh mu/c-myc recombinations into progenitor cells with Igh alpha/c-myc recombinations. We propose that aberrant isotype switch recombination or illegitimate rearrangement in switch regions converts Igh mu/c-myc rearrangements, which are found very rarely in established plasmacytomas, into Igh alpha/c-myc rearrangements, which are present in about 80% of plasmacytomas with t(12;15). Remodeling of the t(12;15) results in closer juxtaposition of c-myc to the 3'-C alpha locus control region and probably in enhanced transcription of c-myc. We suggest that remodeling of c-myc-deregulating rearrangements constitutes a novel progression mechanism in malignant B-cell development.

Animals↗