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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Spontaneous emission of phosphane from animal slurry treatment processing.

The degree of the emission of the mutagenic phosphane from animal slurry have become an issue of hygienic which so far has not been investigated. This work clearly detects spontaneously emitted free phosphane from animal slurry for the first time and correlates the degree of its emission with different disposal technologies. The subjects of the investigations are the simple storage process and processes involving biogas plants for the digestion both of pig and cattle slurry. Pig slurry generates about one magnitude more phosphane than cattle slurry. The maximum concentration detected in putrefaction gas was 14621 ppt(v/v). Putrefaction gas samples from fresh fecal slurry in primary (mediary storage) tanks followed by storage basins and sedimenters contains the highest concentrations. The mainly methanogenic biogas process generates the smallest concentrations but the highest fluxes of phosphane. Fluxes and concentrations in open basins are significantly higher during summer than in winter. The correlation of phosphane and dimethyldisulfide concentrations indicates that primary lytic processes play a role in the liberation of phosphane. Individual samples of the emission in air give a maximum value of 35 ppt. By comparison, measurement of phosphane in Hungarian digester gas from municipal sewage treatment show that maximum concentrations could be some orders of magnitude higher. Therefore the data base for phosphane from animal slurry must in future be expanded. The results of analysis so far achieved cannot be interpreted from either a human or veterinary medical viewpoint.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The preservability of sibazon breakdown products in the cadavers of experimental animals].

Cibasone degradation products were measured in corpses of 15 cats poisoned with cibasone in a dose of 750 mg/kg. Cibasone was assessed by semiquantitative method on Silufol UV-254 plates from the content of the main degradation product 3-methylamino-5-chloro-benzophenone (MCB) in parallel with label in the benzene system. MCB was detectable in cadaveric material and in the container bottom panel for up to 7 years 8 months and in soft tissue until their complete putrefactive destruction. MCB concentrations were the highest in the stomach, thin intestine, and liver and the lowest in the muscles and bones. The main product of elenium (chlozepide) degradation product 2-amino-chloro-benzophenone (ACB) was detected along with MCB in a year and up to 4 years 7 months after burial, although elenium was not injected. Degradation products were identified by electron spectroscopy in UV and visible bands of the spectrum: lambda max = 238 and 410 nm for MCB and 238 and 390 nm for ACB. ACB is the product of MCB degradation-dimethylation in putrefactive degradation of tissues. Ethanol extraction of degradation products detects MCB and ACB 7 years 8 months postmortem.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

[The microecological effect of human milk].

With mother's milk, in the colon a buffer system round pH 5 is dominating which consists of short chain organic acids and the corresponding anions. Thus, the activity of the microbial metabolism is retarded. The degradation of lactose remains maintained down to the faeces. With cow's milk, a neutral buffer system on the basis of phosphate, bicarbonate, and protein degradation products causes a rapid lactose degradation already in the upper colon. Putrefactive metabolites thereby released and absorbed burden the infant's still immature detoxifying capacity.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

[Effect of Manasan on fecal pH, fecal microflora and acid-base homeostasis in young infants].

Manasan is an adapted formula for infants on the basis of cow's milk simulating the mode of action of human milk on faeces-pH and faeces microflora. In two temporally separated tests the effect of Manasan-feeding on faeces-pH, faeces flora, and acid-base-homeostasis was controlled and compared with the effect of human milk and Ki-Na-formula. With Manasan fed up from birth or following breast-feeding faeces-pH was to be found in an acid range, clearly. With Ki-Na the faeces-pH was situated in the neutral range. With Manasan the bacteria flora revealed a noteworthy decrease in the number of Bacteroides germs achieving a non-putrefactive milieu. Concerning the acid-base-homeostasis as with human milk so with Manasan late metabolic acidosis were to meet rarely. The experiments revealed that in important parameters, particularly with microecological signs, Manasan is comparable with human milk.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗

PubMed1991

[Lactose--a potential dietary fiber. The regulation of its microecologic effect in the intestinal tract. 3. Dietary fiber actions of lactose due to microbial activity].

The activity of the mucosal beta-galactosidase of caecum and colon is low in both germfree and conventional rats. beta-Galactosidase activity occurs also in the chymus of germfree rats. It increases after monoassociation and is higher in conventional than in germfree animals. Lactose entering caecum and colon acts like dietary fibre and is hydrolysed mainly by the intestinal flora. Aerobe lactobacilli and bacteroides predominate in the microflora of rat caecum and colon. A lactose-containing diet increases the total number of germs and stimulates the growth of bifidobacteria. After special diets, rich in lactose and low in protein and phosphate (e.g. human milk and similar formulae), the number of bacteroides and other putrefactive germs decreases. Moreover, a lactose-containing diet alters the metabolic activity of intestinal microorganisms (activity of microbial beta-galactosidase, acidification and lowering of ph in the chymus, production of hydrogen, proteolytic activity.) Lactose as dietary fibre decreases the nitrogen excretion in the urine and increases the N-excretion in the faeces of conventional rats.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Cysteine challenge testing: a powerful tool for examining oral malodour processes and treatments in vivo.

Gram-negative oral bacteria rapidly produce the odorant hydrogen sulphide from cysteine. It provides a major part of the oral malodour bouquet while causing a corresponding decrease in the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh). A low Eh favours oral putrefaction and malodour occurrence. Challenge testing with cysteine (5ml of 6mM for 30 seconds) enabled evaluation of: the contribution of tongue and teeth bacteria to overall oral malodour; the effectiveness of tongue and tooth brushing, tooth scraping, gum chewing and mouthrinsing with different agents in reducing oral malodour. Successive cysteine challenge tests for 20 minute periods at selected times in a seven hour experiment were effective for assessing the magnitude and duration of an agent's effectiveness. Brushing the teeth reduced malodour modestly. So did tongue scraping and gum chewing. In contrast, brushing the tongue dorsum, especially the posterior half was remarkably effective, which confirmed it as a major site of oral malodour contribution. Rinses containing various actives showed wide variation in effectiveness. The experiments demonstrated that cysteine challenge testing is potentially a aluable tool for assessing the ability of the oral bacteria to produce malodour and for assessing agents designed to inhibit such production.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The intestinal microflora during the first weeks of life.

Bacterial colonization of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract begins during birth when the neonate comes into contact with the maternal cervical and vaginal flora. In infants delivered by Caesarean section, bacteria colonizing the neonate gastrointestinal tract are provided by the environment. The first bacteria encountered in the majority of healthy infants, are facultative anaerobes, which remain predominant during the first 2 weeks of life. Among them, Staphylococcus, Enterobacteriaceae and Streptococcus were the genera most commonly isolated from the newborn faecal flora at birth. Facultative anaerobic bacteria are followed closely by Bifidobacterium sp. Clostridium perfringens is present within 2 days with an increase incidence in newborns delivered by a Caesarean section. Clostridium perfringens seems to be the precursor for installation of other anaerobic putrefactive bacteria, as Bacteroides and other Clostridium sp. The impact of Caesarean section and the period and quality of hospitalization are mainly implicated in changes of the normal newborn flora. Feeding seems to modulate the colonization pattern. In humans, breast milk plays a role in passive immunization of the neonatal intestine, and contains factors that promote the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum in the intestinal flora. Formula feeding seems to promote implantation and persistence of Clostridium perfringens, and clearly enhances intestinal colonization of C. difficile in newborns.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1982

Correlation between postmortem ethanol levels in the blood and the testicle. A computerized study of 633 determinations.

This study emphasizes the value of the presence of ethanol in the testicle. It proves particularly useful in cases where blood and urine are no more present in the body. In 633 cases where blood or urine were still available, a highly positive correlation between the blood, alcohol and the amount of alcohol present in the testicle could be demonstrated, thus confirming the research carried out in the Department of Legal Medicine as far back as 1943. An attempt is further made to assess the possible influence of such factors as putrefaction, submersion or post-traumatic anemia on this correlation.

Cadaver↗

PubMed1977

[The estimation of the time of death of corpses recovered from water (author's transl)].

Putrefaction, autolysis and maceration of water corpses follow a regular sequence depending on the water temperature and the interval in the water, the socalled water period. We have determined the beginning of characteristic exterior and interior changes in 395 water corpses of adult persons with known immersion intervals and water temperatures at the place of discovery at the time of recovery. The corpses had been kept in a cooling-rrom at 4 degrees C for 2 to 3 days until they were studied. Altogether 10 parameters have been considered and plotted (Fig. 1-3): intensive dyscoloration of the skin, gasformation, loosening of hair, loss of hair, putridity transsudate of more than 500 ml into the pleural cavitiesn, bloodlessness of heart, softening and liquefaction of the brain, loosening of fingernails, loss of washer-woman's skin from the hands and loss of fingernails. Several parameters are synchronous (Fig. 1,2). The studied intervals of exposure to water were from 2 to 47 days at water temperatures between 22 and 3 degrees C. - By means of the three diagrams it can be found out how many days at the minimum a corpse had been submerged, if the water temperature at the place of discovery is known and storage in a cooling-room has taken place for 2 to 3 days. Also statements are possible about the maximal period of time. - Corpses found in the Rhine will develop washer-woman's skin on hands and feet after no less than 5 hours, even at summer temperatures, and adipocere after no less than 2.5 to 3 months. There is no difference between running and stagnant water in the chronological developments of the parameters investigated. Also the degree of water pollution does not affect the estimation of the time of death.

Cadaver↗

PubMed1986

[ABH and Lewis antigens in the tracheal glands. I. Lewis-positive individuals].

Antigens A, B, H, Lea, and Leb were demonstrated in the tracheal glands of 15 Lewis-positive secretors and 15 nonsecretors by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The detection of group-specific ABH antigens in mucous epithelium and intraductal secretory fluid was dependent on the secretor character. Whereas determination of secretor character was sometimes unreliable with anti-A and anti-B, the findings obtained by additional labeling with UEA1 were consistently correct. The secretors showed minimal gland labeling with anti-Lea and intensive labeling with anti-Leb; the nonsecretors, intensive Lea labeling and weaker or absent Leb labeling. Consequently, the determination of secretor character by ABH labeling could be verified by the behavior of the Lewis antigens. Since both morphologic structures and epithelial antigens are highly resistant to putrefaction, ABO and secretor character can also be diagnosed in badly decomposed tracheal wall specimens.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed1992

Postmortem toxico-kinetics of co-proxamol.

Postmortem drug redistribution in suicidal poisonings by co-proxamol (dextropropoxyphene and paracetamol) has been studied. Analytical data for 8 tissue samples, including muscle and fat, up to 8 blood samples, and gastric and small bowel contents were obtained in 4 cases. Blood samples were taken from multiple sites at the start of autopsy and after 24 or 48 h. Concentrations of both drugs were site dependent with the lowest concentrations in peripheral blood. Paracetamol concentrations varied two to threefold and propoxyphene concentrations varied seven to tenfold. Pulmonary artery concentrations of paracetamol did not change significantly with time; propoxyphene concentrations typically increased twofold over 24 h and threefold over 48 h. Propoxyphene concentrations in the inferior vena cava increased unpredictably but occasionally significantly (up to sevenfold). For both drugs the most dramatic elevations of blood concentrations were seen in the aorta; in one case paracetamol rose to 1.9 g/l, 8 times the peripheral blood concentration and 4 times the liver level (454 mg/kg); propoxyphene rose to 191.5 mg/l, 55 times the peripheral blood concentration. This appears to reflect postmortem diffusion of unabsorbed drug from the gastric lumen. It is likely that markedly higher concentrations in the putrefactive fluid from the left pleural cavity as compared with the right also reflect diffusion from the stomach.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical analysis of markers for different macrophage phenotypes and their use for a forensic wound age estimation.

A total of 117 vital skin wounds (post infliction intervals between a few seconds and 7 months), 20 postmortem wounds and skin specimens with beginning or advanced signs of putrefaction were investigated. Different markers for macrophage maturation (27 E 10, RM 3/1, 25 F 9, G 16/1) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The early stage inflammation marker 27 E 10 stained macrophages, but also monocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes localized in blood vessels or bleeding induced postmortem and therefore provided no further information for a forensic wound age estimation in comparison to the routine histological detection of macrophages. The antigens recognized by the RM 3/1- (intermediate stage inflammation marker) and 25 F 9-antibodies (late stage inflammation marker) were expressed exclusively by histiocytes and inflammatory cells that had migrated from the blood vessels as part of the acute inflammatory response associated with an intravital reaction. The morphometrical analysis revealed positive results (defined as at least a two-fold increase in number in 2 or more microscope fields when compared to the maximum value of histiocytes found in uninjured skin) for the RM 3/1- or 25 F 9-antibody earliest in wounds aged 7 or 11 days, respectively. Similarly to the 25 F 9-antibody, the chronic stage inflammation marker (G 16/1) reacted with a macrophage subpopulation first detectable 12 days after wounding but showed positive results in a comparably reduced percentage of cases. On the other hand, this marker did not stain a relevant number of resident macrophages thus facilitating the evaluation of the specimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[Chromolipid storage in alveolar macrophages: a distinctive mark for cigarette smokers].

Histological and cytological examinations of 188 autopsies--113 smokers and 75 non-smokers--established that cigarette smoke causes increase and multiplication of alveolar macrophages which contain inclusions of ceroid-like pigment. Acute death by fire, delayed asphyxia and putrefaction have no influence on the formation of these sudanophilic inclusions. The pigment is resistant to decomposition and lipid-solvents. It is possible to identify cigarette-smokers--even months after burial--by means of paraffin sections of lung tissue and proceeding with fat--staining methods.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

The diagnosis of organophosphorus fatal intoxication by the AChE activity in CSF.

A preliminary test for the diagnosis of intoxications with organophosphorous pesticides in fatal cases is described, based on the fact that these compounds inhibit AChE activity. For this purpose we measured AChE activity in CSF in 30 samples from fresh bodies autopsied after traffic accidents and in six after poisoning with organophosphorous insecticides. In order to exclude any other effect on the postmortem inactivation of the enzyme e.g. putrefaction we determined the AChE activity under different conditions. Thus we confirmed that in the reference samples, regardless the conditions, the activity of the enzyme was detectable at least 48 h after death, while in cases of poisoning the detection of AChE was inevitable early after death.

Acetylcholinesterase↗

PubMed1978

[Post mortem determination of bromureides (author's transl)].

Concentrations of carbromal, carbromide and bromisoval are determined in blood, urine, brain, kidney and muscle taken at autopsy from 41 fatal cases after overdosage of bromureides. In addition values of total bromine in blood are presented. Contents of total bromine can only lead to the deduction that a chronical abuse of bromureides is existent or not. Concentrations of bromureides and carbromide show a wide range according to the different time between taking the drug and death particularly in cases of pure carbromal intoxications which sometimes cause death after several days. In such cases quantitative determination of carbromide, a pharmacologically active metabolite of carbromal, is the only way to prove an acute carbromal intoxication. Especially in cases of additional foreign substances death may occur in early the phase of poisoning. Bromureides decompose post mortem by putrefaction a high degree so that the condition of the cadaver is important. Brain tissue is the most usable material for examination but other organs, particularly muscle and kidney, can be analysed with success. For differential diagnosis fatal cases are presented which were not caused by drug intake.

Brain Chemistry↗

PubMed1980

[Experimental examinations on forensic determination of time of death by electrofocusing of soluble muscle protein (author's transl)].

Proteolytic changes in the muscles of cadaver are demonstrable by putrefaction experiment with the electrofocusing on polyacrylamide gels. These changes can--within a narrow limit--be used in the determination of time of death at a stage when the early signs of death are not suitable any more. A fraction with a pI-value of 7.2 appears as a proteolytic fission at 30 degrees C not earlier than the second day after death. This fraction can be detected at 20 degrees C from the fifth to the sixth day p.m. At 10 degrees C it will not be detectable until the ninth day p.m. At a pH-range between 6.9 and 7.7, at 30 degrees C and 8 days after death, or at 20 degrees C and 9 days after death, only a relatively stable fraction is detectable with a pI-value between 6.9 and 7.0.

Forensic Medicine↗

PubMed1985

Effect of iron on neonatal gut flora during the first week of life.

Faecal specimens from 23 infants during the first week of life were compared. Ten infants received breast milk, six received cow-milk preparation supplemented with iron (+/- 5 mg/l) and seven unfortified cow-milk preparation (iron concentration less than 0.5 mg/l). Those on breast milk had low faecal pH, high counts of bifidobacteria and low counts of Enterobacteriaceae, bacteroides and clostridia. Infants receiving fortified cow-milk preparation had a high faecal pH and high counts of Enterobacteriaceae and putrefactive bacteria such as bacteroides and clostridia. Counts of bifidobacteria were also high. In those on unfortified cow-milk preparation a slow rise was observed in counts of Enterobacteriaceae followed by an increase in counts and isolation frequency of bifidobacteria: the latter was still rising on day 7. It is concluded that a low iron content in standard preparations of cow's milk enhances resistance of the neonatal gut to colonization.

Bacteria↗

PubMed2000

A rare case of evisceration.

A case of homicide is described where the body of a young woman was found in the countryside in a state of advanced decomposition. The autopsy revealed that almost all the internal organs were missing, but not due to putrefaction. The thoracic cavity was opened in the professional manner normally used during an autopsy. The remains of the small intestine were tied with strands of hair braided into a thin cord.

Abdominal Injuries↗