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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Purification of rubella virus E1-E2 protein complexes by immunoaffinity chromatography.

A murine monoclonal antibody directed against the E1 membrane glycoprotein of rubella virus was immobilized on an N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated chromatographic support. The antibody was used to purify rubella virus E1-E2 protein complexes from Tween-80/diethyl ether extracts of cell culture supernatants containing virus particles. The adsorption behaviour of immunosorbents with ligand densities of 2.9, 5.4 and 11.1 mg monoclonal antibody per millilitre of gel was investigated using batchwise conditions. Then the immunoaffinity purification process was optimized with regard to adsorption efficiency by adjusting the flow rate, the bed height and the amount of sample loaded onto the column. The optimized immunoaffinity purification process which is reproducible and relatively simple (one-step) had a yield of 73%, a concentration factor of 5-8 and a purification factor of about 2600. No mouse IgG due to ligand leakage could be detected in the immunopurified product using an enzyme immunoassay. High-performance size exclusion chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and electron microscopy showed that the immunopurified product contained rosette-like structures formed by complexes of E1 and E2 proteins. The product retained its hemagglutinating activity and proved to be suitable for application in a fluorescent enzyme immunoassay for determination of anti-rubella IgG in human serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Optimizing performance through process improvement.

Health care professionals have found traditional problem solving and traditional management have not succeeded in "assuring quality." Organizations are changing the way they do business and are utilizing process improvement methodology to improve performance. Based on important functions, select dimensions of performance for processes are measured, evaluated, redesigned, and improved. Once priorities for improvement activities are determined, improvement projects can be implemented utilizing various process improvement models. The PRIDE (process, relevant, interpret, design, execute) model, designed by the authors, is one approach that can be applied in any setting.

Efficiency, Organizational↗
PubMed1997

An intact Raf zinc finger is required for optimal binding to processed Ras and for ras-dependent Raf activation in situ.

The function of the c-Raf-1 zinc finger domain in the activation of the Raf kinase was examined by the creation of variant zinc finger structures. Mutation of Raf Cys 165 and Cys 168 to Ser strongly inhibits the Ras-dependent activation of c-Raf-1 by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Deletion of the Raf zinc finger and replacement with a homologous zinc finger from protein kinase C gamma (PKC gamma) (to give gamma/Raf) also abrogates EGF-induced activation but enables a vigorous phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced activation. PMA activation of gamma/Raf does not require endogenous Ras or PKCs and probably occurs through a PMA-induced recruitment of gamma/Raf to the plasma membrane. The impaired ability of EGF to activate the Raf zinc finger variants in situ is attributable, at least in part, to a major decrement in their binding to Ras-GTP; both Raf zinc finger variants exhibit decreased association with Ras (V12) in situ upon coexpression in COS cells, as well as diminished binding in vitro to immobilized, processed COS recombinant Ras(V12)-GTP. In contrast, Raf binding to unprocessed COS or prokaryotic recombinant Ras-GTP is unaffected by Raf zinc finger mutation. Thus, the Raf zinc finger contributes an important component to the overall binding to Ras-GTP in situ, through an interaction between the zinc finger and an epitope on Ras, distinct from the effector loop, that is present only on prenylated Ras.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Technical aspects of screen-film radiography, film processing, and quality control.

The broad goal of quality control (QC) of screen-film radiography and film processing is to provide radiographs of consistent, high quality. Achievement of this goal requires attention to several areas, including QC of the screen-film system and photographic processor, acceptance testing of all components, and skill in analysis of film artifacts to "diagnose" the processor problems causing the aberrations. Methods to reduce waste, recycle by-products, and reuse resources such as silver are also part of the QC process. To optimize the photographic process, one should use the film, chemical solutions, processor, and screens and cassettes produced by one manufacturer or the combination recommended by the film manufacturer. Important variables in film processing (eg, density, density difference, and base plus fog) are recorded on control charts, which plot the variables as a function of time and allow easy analysis of changes in operating levels. Many variables can affect any component in the screen-film imaging system; problems caused by manufacturing batch-to-batch variation, which is perhaps the most pervasive variable, can be lessened by purchasing film, screens, and cassettes in large batches and of the same batch and by purchasing photographic chemicals in concentrated form and mixing them as needed. Acceptance testing ensures that the product meets expectations, ensures that its performance meets specifications, and establishes the operating level for the ongoing QC program.

Artifacts↗
PubMed1992

Standardization of process parameters for salbutamol sulphate microcapsules coated with cellulose acetate phthalate and computation of in-vitro release kinetics.

Salbutamol sulphate, a bronchodilatatory drug for asthma, is encapsulated by Emulsion-Solvent-Evaporation technique using cellulose acetatephthalate as coating polymeric material. Different process parameters like Stirring Speed, Drug-Polymer Ratio, Solvent-Polymer Ratio, Internal Phase-External Phase Ratio, Effects of Temperature, and of Surfactants have been studied to standardise the process. At optimal condition of process parameters maximum encapsulation efficiency is obtained and microcapsules produced are free flowing and spherical. The dissolution of the microcapsules is carried out and the data obtained from in-vitro dissolution profile are computed in the light of different kinetic models. Diffusion coefficient (Da) and diffusivity rate constant (KBL) are evaluated with the help of Baker-Lonsdale model.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1977

[Ways to optimize the technological process of oleandomycin reextraction].

Dependence of the oleandomycin distribution coefficient on pH of the acqueous phase and temperature in the system of butylacetate extract-water acidified with orthophosphoric acid was studied. With a purpose of intensification of the process of oleandomycin reextraction, decreasing the antibiotic inactivation and evaporation of the organic solvent it was proposed to perfom oleandomycin extraction at pH 4.0--5.0 accompanied by simultaneous decreasing of the temperature.

Acetates↗
PubMed1991

[Optimizing the learning process in short-term autogenic training by practice protocols].

The results of two studies are presented, in which the question was investigated, whether the learning process of autogenic training (AT) in short group programs can be improved by the use of a self-control technique (records for the AT-exercises realized without the group at home). Study I refers to 24 university students, who learned AT within their psychology education; Study II refers to 28 adults, who learned AT within a psychosocial community service for adults. Within control-group designs evaluative and follow-up data were gathered before, during, at the end, and 4 months after the AT-treatment. The data refer to psychosomatic complaints (SSP, ATSYM), depression (BDI), relaxation capacity and wellbeing (VFE) as well as subjective valuations of AT and the frequency of AT-exercising. The results of both studies show that the basal AT-exercises can be learned in short group programs (6 meetings within 6 weeks). The self-control technique promotes the learning process at short as well as at longer sight. Implications of the results for the realization of introductions to AT in out- and in-patient group treatment are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biological optimization of stationary processes].

The modern biological systems used for search for new safe drugs have been analyzed. An algorithm for analysis of experimental data has been proposed. It allows to predict the effect of a drug on a given individual.

Humans↗