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Results for “Psychosocial functioning”

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PubMed1985

Psychosocial functioning in prepubertal major depressive disorders. II. Interpersonal relationships after sustained recovery from affective episode.

Psychosocial relationships with parents, peers, and siblings, as well as school functioning, were measured at two points in time by parental interview in 21 prepubertal children: during an episode of major depression and after they had sustained an affective recovery from the index episode for at least four months. School functioning was completely normalized, but deficits in the child's intrafamilial and extra-familial relationships had improved only partially. The pattern of improvement was merely quantitative. Moderate deficits during the depressive episode reached, after affective recovery, the level of the normal control group. In contrast, severe deficits only improved to a moderate level of severity. It is suggested that treating the affective disorder is not sufficient in many children with major depression and that efficacy studies of psychotherapeutic interventions in affectively recovered children are needed.

Achievement↗

PubMed1998

Validation of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) as a measure of psychosocial function in breast cancer patients.

The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life questionnaire QLQ-C30 has been developed as a quantitative measure of health-related quality of life for use in clinical trials of cancer patients. Validity is an important measurement property of all scientific tests. This study contributes to the iterative process of validating the questionnaire by focusing on the psychosocial subscales of the QLQ-C30, using baseline data from 150 patients participating in a randomised trial of supportive group therapy for metastatic breast cancer. The results provide strong support for the discriminative validity of the global health/quality of life, role function and social function subscales of the QLQ-C30, in patients differing according to clinical criteria. The psychosocial focus of the trial enabled expansion of criteria used to form patient subgroups, beyond medical factors, and consequently support was demonstrated for the discriminative validity of the emotional and cognitive function subscales. The degree of support for these subscales was less substantial than for the other QLQ-C30 subscales as there were fewer relevant criteria. Convergence assessed by correlations with independent measures of psychosocial function provides strong support for the convergent validity of the emotional function, role function and global health/quality of life subscales of the QLQ-C30, and moderate support for the social function subscales. There was little opportunity for the cognitive function subscale to associate with conceptually analogous subscales. Further testing is recommended with more comprehensive and specific measures of cognitive status. In general, the psychosocial subscales of the QLQ-C30 appear to be measuring the concepts they are purported to measure.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Promoting psychosocial functioning and preventing malfunctioning.

In the Greek milieu the ingroup has played the central role for psychosocial development. Under transition the ingroup becomes decreasingly effective in providing this function. If malfunctioning is to be prevented and if functioning is to spiral to higher levels of creating, producing and sharing, a training problem is required which includes extensive work along the lines of secondary and primary groups. The proposed training is based on the actualization of the dialectic between individual and group processes leading to their mutual differentiation. The development of skills for cooperation becomes possible. The program represents an effective way of promoting functioning and preventing the malfunctioning due to the currently accelerating socioeconomic and technological processes. Its effectiveness will be directly related to the degree to which the latter will be following cooperative directions also.

Child↗

PubMed1985

Psychosocial functioning in prepubertal major depressive disorders. I. Interpersonal relationships during the depressive episode.

Psychosocial environment and relationships with parents, peers, and siblings of 115 prepubertal children were measured by interview with their parent(s) for the three-month period preceding the assessment. The children had a current diagnosis of major depression (52 children) or nondepressed neurotic disorder (23) or were assessed to be normal (40). Most aspects of psychosocial relationships were found to be significantly impaired in the psychiatric groups. This impairment was generally worse in the depressives and significantly worse for aspects of verbal and affective communication with parents and siblings. Prepubertal children with major depressive disorder regularly present social relation deficits in which two components can be distinguished: one general to childhood psychiatric disorder and another specific to major depression.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1991

Congenital gastrointestinal anomalies: psychosocial functioning of children with imperforate anus, gastroschisis, and omphalocele.

This study assessed the psychosocial status of 56 children aged 6-16 years with imperforate anus, gastroschisis, or omphalocele. Results indicate that (a) children were of average intellectual ability; (b) approximately 9% of the sample had learning disabilities; (c) although the mean maternal ratings of behavioral adjustment did not differ from those reported for children without anomalies, approximately 18% of the children had deviant adjustment scores; (d) a multivariate risk and resistance model accounted for a significant amount of the variance in children's adjustment; and (e) child, maternal, and family utilitarian and psychological risk and resistance resources contributed independently to children's overall behavioral adjustment.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMed1978

Psychosocial functioning of mothers of malnourished children.

The relationship between infant malnutrition and maternal psychosocial behavior was explored by comparing mothers of malnourished children with mother whose children were matched for age and family income but were not malnourished. The mothers were interviewed and asked to describe their relationships with their children, their children's fathers, extended families, friends, and employers. The mothers of malnourished children described more chronically disrupted lives. Their housing conditions and employment records reflected disorganization. They had fewer social contacts except with extended families who supervised excessively. The fathers of their babies were either not present or unsupportive. Relationships were more stereotyped, transient, and focused on material aspects. The mothers narcissistic concerns took precedence over the needs of their children. Nearly all the mothers, including the controls, had suffered severe deprivation in childhood. Some mothers of malnourished children were apathetic and dependent, whereas others were manipulative and evasive. These findings were consistent with those previously described for mothers of children with "failure-to-thrive" in affluent countries.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Turner syndrome patients as adults: a study of their cognitive profile, psychosocial functioning and psychopathological findings.

In this study we collected data on the cognitive abilities, psychosocial adjustment and psychopathology of 20 non-institutionalized adult Turner syndrome patients. The majority of them had a normal intelligence, most were socially well adapted and no high prevalence of psychopathology was noted. In only one patient evidence of a serious bipolar hypomanic disorder and antisocial personality was found, and in one other an episode of anorexia nervosa. Nevertheless, 50% of the women expressed feelings of low self-confidence, depression and social insecurity i.e. achieving a mature level of psycho-social functioning remains a problem for a number of Turner individuals. In the counseling process of adult Turner patients special attention should be given to the social and psychological functioning so that intervention can be made if social awkwardness and psychological well-being becomes a problem.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2001

Psychosocial functioning in children after transplantation of the heart, and heart and lungs.

We studied 10 boys, and 15 girls, all below the age of 16, who had been referred to the National Hospital in Norway for evaluation for transplantation of either the heart, or the heart and lungs. These represent the complete cohort of patients being considered for transplantation between 1990 and 1997. Of the 25 children and their families, 24 sets underwent a comprehensive psychosocial assessment, including interviews with both parents and their children. The parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and the General Health Questionnaire. We had accepted 15 children for transplantation and placed them on the waiting list. The others were rejected for medical reasons, and 3 died whilst waiting for an organ. One was reconsidered for conventional surgery and removed from the list. Transplantation was performed in 11 children, whilst one of the patients we had rejected underwent transplantation abroad, and was included in the study. This left 12 patients in the final sample, with a mean age of 8 years, and with a range from 11 months to 13.9 years. We reassessed their psychosocial and physical functioning two years after transplantation. Of those undergoing transplantation of the heart and lungs, two were severely affected by progressive obliterative bronchiolitis. The others were in good general physical condition. At the assessment prior to transplantation, three already fulfilled the criterions for diagnosis of an overanxious disorder. Two others had symptoms of anxiety and depression, but without fulfilling the accepted criterions. At follow- up, two patients retained this psychiatric diagnosis. Increased levels of stress were uncovered in the parents prior to surgery, but these had normalised at follow-up. The study shows that, in general, physical and psychological conditions improve in children undergoing transplantation, but they and their parents live in a stressful environment, and are in need of psychosocial support both before and after transplantation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) 10-20 years later: a comprehensive outcome study of psychiatric symptomatology, cognitive abilities and psychosocial functioning.

The goal of this study was to measure the very long-term mental and psychosocial outcomes of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Seventy-six persons with severe TBI were evaluated extensively by means of standardized scales, neuropsychological tests and evaluations by family members, at an average of 14.1 (SD = 5.5) years post-injury. Six mental and functional domains were examined: psychiatric symptomatology, cognitive abilities, vocational status, family integration, social functioning, and independence in daily routines. The findings indicate a long-term differential effect of severe TBI, with seriously affected psychiatric symptomatology, family and social domains, as compared to moderately influenced cognitive, vocational and independent functioning. Relatively high rates of depression, psychomotor slowness, loneliness and family members' sense of burden were found. In addition to their epidemiological importance, the results indicate that persons with TBI and their families may need professional assistance to maintain a reasonable psychosocial quality of life, even more than a decade post-injury.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2000

Course patterns of psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia patients attending a vocational rehabilitation program.

Although considerable research has been undertaken on psychosocial treatment and rehabilitation of patients with chronic schizophrenia, few studies have examined individual courses by means of repeated and frequent observation. A more dynamic view of rehabilitation might disclose patterns of response useful for both understanding and treating symptoms and disabilities associated with chronic schizophrenia. In an exploratory study, time series of 35 schizophrenia outpatients participating in a vocational rehabilitation program were examined by a relatively original quantitative approach to the identification of dynamical patterns. By using time series regression on weekly behavioral ratings, dynamical properties of mean, trend, and variability were calculated. Cluster analysis revealed five subgroups of courses: (1) stable at a high level, (2) fluctuating at a middle level, (3) at a middle level, tending toward a slight descent, (4) showing a steep descent, and (5) unstable at a low level of functioning. The subgroups varied at intake in psychopathology; in cognitive dysfunction; and in measures of self-concept, locus of control, and coping. At program end, pronounced differences were found among the subgroups in vocational reintegration. These different dynamical patterns can be understood as typical pathways linking patient characteristics to rehabilitation outcome. A broader use of dynamical designs could substantially clarify the variety of reactions of patients to psychosocial interventions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2005

Psychosocial functioning of mothers with chronic pain: a comparison to pain-free controls.

This study compared the functioning of mothers experiencing chronic pain and control mothers on a range of psychosocial variables. Participants included 39 mothers with chronic pain conditions ranging from migraine and arthritis to chronic neck and back pain and 35 control mothers with out chronic pain. Analyses indicated that mothers with chronic pain experienced more physical, psychological and social difficulties when compared to controls. More difficulties were reported in completing day-to-day parenting tasks in mothers with chronic pain. Consistent with the biopsychosocial model of chronic pain, psychosocial variables accounted for approximately half of the variance in chronic pain mothers' physical functioning scores. The importance of psychological variables in the experience of chronic pain, the potential reduction in parenting efficacy and the risk that these influences hold for children are discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1999

Psychosocial functioning of youth receiving mental health services in the schools versus community mental health centers.

Evaluated psychosocial differences between youth receiving mental health services in Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs; n = 79) as compared to youth receiving services from a program operating in 10 Baltimore schools (n = 186). Racial and gender differences were shown, with more African American youth and females in the School than CMHC sample. Multivariate analyses that controlled for these racial and gender differences failed to reveal significant effects, indicating comparable functioning on measures of life stress, violence exposure, family support, self-concept, and emotional/behavioral problems for youth from the two samples. However, particularly for those with internalizing disturbances, youth in the School sample were less likely to have received prior mental health services than youth from the CMHCs. Findings support the conclusion that school-based mental health programs are reaching youth who need mental health services, who otherwise may not receive them.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychosocial functioning in pediatric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the emergence of pediatric psycho-oncology and to summarize research on psychosocial aspects of childhood cancer and survivorship. METHODS: To review research into illness communication and informed consent, procedural pain, late effects, psychological distress, coping and adjustment, and special risk populations. Methodological challenges, appropriate methodology, and directions for future research are discussed. RESULTS: The past 30 years have seen change from avoidance of communication about cancer to an emphasis on straightforward discussion of diagnosis and prognosis. Behavioral research has led to interventions to reduce procedural distress. Late effects have been observed in social functioning. Although average levels of distress in survivors of pediatric cancer are typical, subsets of more vulnerable patients and family members exist. Factors predicting positive and negative coping have been identified. CONCLUSIONS: As the numbers of pediatric cancer survivors increase, psychosocial researchers will be better able to conduct longitudinal studies not only of adjustment and its predictors but also of the impact of the emerging medical treatments and interventions to ameliorate late effects of treatment. Additional funding, improving methodology, and multi-institutional cooperation will aid future pediatric psycho-oncology investigators.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1994

Psychosocial functioning of young adults after surgical correction for congenital heart disease in childhood: a follow-up study.

To investigate the long-term psychosocial outcome of congenital heart disease, the emotional, intellectual and social functioning of 288 (young) adult patients was assessed with standardized assessment procedures 9-23 years (mean follow-up interval: 16 years) after surgical correction for congenital heart disease in childhood, and compared with that of reference groups. With respect to emotional functioning, the patients reported significantly fewer feelings of hostility, fewer neurotic complaints and a better self-esteem than reference subjects. Overall, the results concerning social functioning showed favourable outcomes on daily activities (school, employment) and leisure-time activities for (young) adults with congenital heart disease. No significant differences were found between scores of different cardiac diagnostic groups on hostility, neuroticism, self-esteem and leisure-time activities. The possibility whether the 'denial'-mechanism might have contributed to the positive outcomes is discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1991

Life satisfaction and psychosocial functioning in chronic depression: effect of acute treatment with antidepressants.

Social functioning was evaluated in 61 chronically depressed adults with early onset. Patients were treated for 6 weeks in a double-blind trial of phenelzine, imipramine, L-deprenyl, or placebo and functioning was reassessed. The posttreatment social functioning of patients who received drug treatment was superior to the placebo group in the following areas: work functioning, house functioning, relationship with relatives, sex frequency and life satisfaction. These results suggest that psychosocial impairment in some chronic depressives may be a sequaela of depression, rather than a global manifestation of characterological pathology.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1992

A comparison of neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning after prophylactic treatment for childhood leukemia in monozygotic twins.

Outcome findings based on a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological and psychosocial measurements were compared for a set of monozygotic twins. One twin had been diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and given prophylactic treatment involving intrathecal methotrexate. Her twin sibling, who developed no signs of the disease, served as a unique control. Remarkably similar profiles were noted for the twins on tests of nonverbal intelligence, visual memory, visual attention, psychomotor speed, and mental flexibility. All performances were in the average to high average range. Significant differences were found on tasks measuring verbal abstract reasoning skills. These differences were postulated to result from prophylactic treatment, leukemia itself, or disruption in normal psychosocial development. As in previous studies, problems with auditory attention were found. However, both children displayed attentional difficulties regardless of treatment status. Emotional assessment indicated that both twins were experiencing a clinically significant level of anxiety that was postulated to play a role in reduced attention skills. Findings argue for the continued need for monitoring the neuropsychological functioning of children given prophylactic treatment and demonstrate the importance of measuring emotional factors in assessment with these children.

Affective Symptoms↗

PubMed2003

Antisocial personality in treatment-seeking cocaine abusers: Psychosocial functioning and HIV risk.

Antisocial personality disorder (ASP) is common in substance abusers and may be associated with increased severity of psychosocial problems and risk of HIV infection. This study compared 174 treatment-seeking cocaine abusers with and without ASP on Addiction Severity Index (ASI) scores and the HIV risk behavior scale. Patients with ASP comprised 35% of the sample. These patients evidenced more severe problems than non-ASP patients on alcohol, legal, and psychiatric indices of the ASI. Patients with ASP also reported greater participation in lifetime sexual risk behaviors, including number of casual sexual partners, inconsistent condom use, and frequency of anal sex. This study suggests the importance of screening for ASP when patients initiate treatment. Specific and more intensive treatment may be necessary to improve outcomes in this patient population.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Mental health, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life in patients with bladder exstrophy and epispadias - an overview.

Although there has been only limited clinical research on mental or psychosocial implications in patients with bladder exstrophy and epispadias, questions have been raised as to whether their life is of such questionable quality that a termination of pregnancy should be considered. A systematic overview of outcome studies published over the past three decades was carried out. In all, 1208 abstracts and 52 papers were read; only 10 (0.8%) papers focused on the mental or psychosocial outcome, but with diverse findings. However, most of the studies suffered from serious methodological deficiencies. Physical, mental, and psychosocial problems revealed in studies with reliable and valid instruments have clinical implications and underline the need for the further development of surgical and psychosocial interventions. Multicenter studies with a multimodal, prospective, and longitudinal design, based on semistructured interviews and specific questionnaires related to the disorder, are appropriate.

Abortion, Therapeutic↗