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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Fundamental biologic considerations in endodontics].

Over the years a substantial body of scientific data has accumulated suggesting that most pulpal and periapical disease processes are induced and maintained by bacterial organisms. On the basis of this knowledge, this review paper discusses rationales and essential steps in endodontic therapy. It is concluded that the focus in pulpectomy procedures (vital pulp therapy) is on preventing bacteria from establishing themselves in the root canal. In cases of infected pulp necrosis, treatment is geared towards the complete elimination of pathogenic organisms that are already present in the root canal system. In both instances, vital or necrotic pulp, it is important that such conditions be established to avoid recurrence of infection following treatment.

Dental Pulp Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiographic evaluation of pulpal therapy for primary anterior teeth.

A total of 144 anterior primary incisors with formocresol pulpotomies or pulpectomies comprised the study sample. Although the former had a moderately high success rate, those incisors treated with the latter procedure had a better prognosis. It may be the preferred treatment when the extent of pulpal involvement cannot be determined.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1982

[Investigations on dentin metabolic processes in the teeth of dogs via tetracycline fluorescence].

The third incisor and canine of the lower jaw of 2 dogs were sterilely pulpectomized in order to study the dental pulp metabolic processes. At the same time, at different intervals, prior to and post pulpectomy of the teeth, tetracycline was injected--30 mg per 1 kg body weight. The results from the investigations established uneven, interrupted fluorescence in part of the dentinal canals and fluorescent strips in the nonpulpectomized teeth, where tetracycline was included in the newly formed dentin. Fluorescent strips were not formed in the pulpectomized teeth, but an interrupted and uneven fluorescence was established in part of the dentinal canals, very likely, due to tetracycline, penetrating from peridentium, via diffusion, through the cement into the dentinal canals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The diagnostic value of coronal dark-gray discoloration in primary teeth following traumatic injuries.

The diagnostic value of dark-gray discoloration of the crown of primary incisors following traumatic injury as a predictor of pulp vitality is controversial. This retrospective study attempted to examine the condition of the pulp of primary incisors with dark-gray discoloration following traumatic injuries. Forty-eight gray caries-free, traumatized primary incisors were examined clinically and radiographically prior to treatment. All teeth included in the study were free of any clinical and/or radiographic signs of pulp necrosis. Crown discoloration was the only clinical or radiographic sign of pulp involvement. Pulpectomy was performed in five teeth within the first month after trauma, in 16 teeth during the second month, 11 teeth between 2 and 6 months, seven teeth between 6 and 12 months, and three teeth after more than a year. In six teeth the time of injury was unknown. Endodontic treatment was initiated without local anesthetic under rubber dam, access to the pulp chamber with high speed, and debridement with a barbed broach. Assessment of the pulp condition was made upon opening the pulp chamber, as follows: Vital-pulp bled when exposed; partial necrosis-bleeding disclosed at the apical area during debridement; total necrosis-no bleeding was observed. Pulp necrosis was found in 37 teeth (77.1%), 10 teeth (20.8%) presented partial necrosis, and only one tooth (2.1%) had a vital pulp. Dark-gray discoloration of primary incisors could be interpreted as an early sign of pulp degeneration that would deteriorate into necrosis. Moreover, discolored primary incisors can be necrotic even without presenting tenderness to percussion, increased mobility, and periapical osteitis.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibition of pure cultures of oral bacteria by root canal filling materials.

This study compared the antimicrobial effectiveness of nine dental materials and a negative control agent against 21 strains or species of bacteria using an agar diffusion assay. The materials were: 1. Camphorated parachlorophenol mixed with calcium hydroxide (CPC + Ca(OH)2). 2. CPC mixed with zinc oxide (CPC + ZnO). 3. Formocresol mixed with zinc oxide and eugenol (FC + ZOE). 4. Chlorhexidine mixed with ZOE (CHX + ZOE). 5. Kri paste. 6. ZOE. 7. Zinc oxide mixed with sterile water (ZnO + H2O). 8. Calcium hydroxide mixed with sterile water (Ca(OH)2 + H2O). 9. Vitapex. 10. Vaseline (control). The test bacteria represented species commonly isolated from nonvital primary and permanent tooth root canals. The antimicrobial effectiveness of the materials was divided into five groups based on the diameters of the zones of inhibition against all test bacteria and distribution of the data. All materials except Vaseline showed antimicrobial activity against some of the 21 organisms. Generally, all materials inhibited gram-negative anaerobic bacteria more effectively than aerotolerant gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria. Materials containing CPC or FC (except Kri paste) produced strong or medium strong inhibition against most bacteria. CHX + ZOE, Kri paste, ZnO + H2O, and ZOE inhibited all or most bacteria, but to lesser extent than CPC + Ca(OH)2, CPC + ZnO, or FC + ZOE. Ca(OH)2 + H2O, Vitapex, and Vaseline generally were nonihibitory. The findings should allow a comparative evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness to be made of materials commonly used in pulpectomy procedures with primary teeth.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1994

Morphologic study of tissue changes occurring in the apical third and periapex of rat molars after endodontic treatment performed under different occlusal conditions.

The purpose of the present study was to carry out a histologic study of the periapical changes of the maxillary first molar of rats submitted to endodontic treatment under different occlusal conditions. The experiment was carried out under conditions analogous to those used in clinical practice. Pulpotomy, pulpectomy and chemomechanical preparation of the mesial root canal were carried out according to previously established techniques and the mesial root canal was filled with cement and gutta-percha. A glass ionomer cement was used as restorative material under conditions of subocclusion, normal occlusion and excessive occlusal forces. No inflammatory reaction of periapical tissue was observed under the three conditions used, and active closing of the root canal was observed 15 days after the procedure, with the formation of cementum replacing the pulpar remnant.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment trends during a thirteen-year period in a student pediatric dentistry clinic.

This manuscript reports the treatment trends in a pediatric dentistry clinic from 1980 to 1992 and discusses their implication in clinical teaching. Analysis of the records of the senior year pediatric dentistry students indicated: no significant change with time in the patients/student ratio, the number of preformed crowns, pulpotomies, and pulpectomies by student or by patient; a significant decrease in the number of one-surface and > or = 2-surface restorations by student and by patient; a significant increase in the number of pit-and-fissure sealants and preventive resin restorations by student and by patient. During the thirteen-year period, the students performed an average of 7.3 one-surface; 12.9 > or = 2-surface restorations; 5.5 preformed crowns; 6.4 pit-and-fissure sealants; 2.4 pulpotomies. There was a significant increase with time in the number of students who performed pit-and-fissure sealants.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Endodontic therapy of traumatized incisors with crown and transverse intra-alveolar root fractures.

A case involving traumatic injury to the maxillary anterior teeth with crown and transverse intra-alveolar root fractures is reported. The patient did not seek immediate treatment after trauma. Treatment included pulpectomy, fixation of a fractured root, root canal obturation, endodontic therapy of the coronal segment, and postoperative observation. Follow-up showed good results. Thus effective nonsurgical endodontic therapy of traumatized anterior teeth can result in a good prognosis in cases involving crown and intra-alveolar root fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Synaptic contacts established by primary sensory fibers innervating the teeth of rats: an ultrastructural study of the pars interpolaris of the spinal trigeminal nucleus.

Transganglionic degeneration was used in an electron microscopic study of afferent synaptic contacts in the dorsomedial region of the pars interpolaris of rats. In one experiment, the left inferior alveolar nerve was transected and in the other, partial pulpectomy of the first and second left lower molars was performed. Well defined degenerating terminals, almost completely occupied by round synaptic vesicle profiles were found in both ipsi and contralateral sides. In both experiments, approximately 70% of these terminals formed single asymmetric contacts with intermediate or distal dendritic segments. Fewer contacts were observed with proximal dendritic segments, dendritic spines, perikarya and other terminals. In addition, double and multiple synaptic contacts (synaptic glomeruli), accounting for 10% of the total, were also observed. Quantitative data regarding ultrastructural synaptic elements suggest that there is no preference for post-synaptic sites of fibers related to different sensory modalities such as pain, conveyed by dental fibers or other modalities, conveyed by the inferior alveolar nerve fibers.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed2006

Influence of orthodontic dental movement on the healing process of teeth with periapical lesions.

The purpose of this study was to histomorphologically evaluate (in dog's teeth) the influence of tooth movement in the healing of chronic periapical lesions. Thirty roots of incisors and premolars of two dogs (1-year-old) were used in this research. After pulpectomy, the root canals remained exposed to the oral environment for 6 months for achievement of periapical lesions. Twenty root canals were biomechanically prepared and received a calcium hydroxide dressing for 14 days before being filled with gutta-percha points and Sealapex sealer. After root canal treatment, some incisors were submitted to orthodontic movement, whereas the other roots remained without orthodontic movement. The orthodontic appliance was removed at 5 months and 15 days after treatment, the dogs were killed 15 days later and the specimens were prepared for histomorphological analysis. The results showed that the orthodontic movement delayed, but did not hinder, the periapical healing process.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Neuroendocrine tumor of the prostate. A case report].

We report one case of neuroendocrine tumour of the prostate in a 74 years old patient. The clinical symptomatology was dominated by pollakuria, dysuria. Digital rectal examination showed a bulky prostate, hard and irregular. The rate of PSA was high (23 ng/mL). The endorectal ultrasonography revealed a pelvic heterogeneous mass depending of prostate. The biopsy showed an adenocarcinoma of prostate. The patient underwent a transuretral resection of the prostate (TURP) and pulpectomy. Histology and immunohistochemistry through antibody anti NES and antibody antisynaptophysin of shavings of resection revealed a neuroendocrine tumour of the prostate. Twelve months after, the lung X-ray, abdominal ultrasonography and bone scintigram was normal. The rate of PSA was 2.1 ng/mL.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

An in vitro test of a simplified model to demonstrate the operation of electronic root canal measuring devices.

This article describes an in vitro test of the accuracy of a model for demonstrating the operation of electronic canal length measuring devices (ECLMDs). The model is made from commercially available gelatin which is mixed with sterile saline solution. Extracted human canine and anterior teeth with fully formed apices had access preparations and complete pulpectomies before drying the canals with paper points. The tooth length was determined with an Exact-A-Pex using the gelatin test model. When the apex locator green light-emitting diode indicated 1.5 mm from the apex, the file length to the nearest 0.5 mm was measured with a rubber stop. This length was compared with the length determined by visualization of the tip of a #10 K-Flex file at the foramen. This method was repeated with the Foramatron IV using the instrument's digital reading of zero as the apex location and root canal length. There was complete agreement as to canal length between electronic root canal measuring devices and visual observations. This indicates that the gelatin test model is an accurate in vitro method of determining canal length.

Cuspid↗
PubMed1995

Quantitative analysis of immunoglobulins and inflammatory factors in human pulpal blood from exposed pulps.

The levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and inflammatory factors (elastase, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in the blood of human dental pulp were quantified, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The pulpal blood samples were obtained with nylon fiber pellets from normal and inflamed dental pulp at pulp sites exposed on pulpectomy. Statistically significant differences between normal and inflamed pulp were found in the levels of IgG (p < 0.01), IgA (p < 0.05), IgM (p < 0.01), elastase (p < 0.05), and prostaglandin E2 (p < 0.01). These findings indicate that these factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulpal disease, and the sampling methods used in this study are useful for examination of pulpal inflammation.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1995

In vitro evaluation of the accuracy of several electronic apex locators.

This study describes two tests of the in vitro accuracy of several models of electronic canal length measuring devices (ECLMDs) using a gelatin test model and extracted human teeth with fully formed apices. In part 1, four previously untested ECLMDs were used in dry canals after access and pulpectomy. File lengths with wth file tip just visible at the foramen were compared to ECLMD lengths. Clinically significant ECLMD measurements of > or + 0.5 mm than visual length were noted with two ECLMDs 16.6% and 10% of the time. The other two ECLMDs had no measurements >0.5 mm than the visual measurement. The gelatin test model proved highly accurate with 4 of 6 ECLMDs tested thus far. Part 2 compared the accuracy of a previously tested ECLMD using the gelatin model when taking length measurements with canals both dry and wet with distilled water in them. There was no difference between measurements in wet or dry canals. Irrigation with distilled water may be a clinical aid when using resistance ECLMDs.

Cuspid↗
PubMed1995

Bacterial invasion into dentinal tubules of human vital and nonvital teeth.

The difference in resistance to bacterial invasion into the dentinal tubules between vital and nonvital teeth has not been determined. This study was conducted to clarify the effect of vital pulp on bacterial invasion into the dentinal tubules. The specimens were 19 intact pairs of bilateral upper third molars of 19 healthy, young adult male volunteers. In each case, 30 or 150 days before extraction, pulpectomies and root canal fillings were carried out unilaterally and a class V cavity involving the dentin was made on the palatal surface of both the pulpectomized tooth and the nonpulpectomized opposite tooth. The cavities were left unprotected to expose them to oral flora until the extractions were done, and the extracted teeth were examined histologically. When extraction followed 150-day exposure to the oral flora, there was a statistically significant difference in the bacterial invasion rate between the vital and nonvital teeth. It was postulated that vital teeth were much more resistant to bacterial invasion into the dentinal tubules than were nonvital teeth, thereby suggesting that the vital pulp plays some important role in this process.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A new root canal sealer based on calcium hydroxide.

A new root canal sealer based on calcium hydroxide has been developed and two properties, sealing ability and biocompatibility, have been investigated in this study. Sealing ability was assessed by the extent of dye penetration along root fillings in extracted teeth. The sealing ability was good and similar to that of a control zinc oxide-eugenol sealer. Biocompatibility was assessed by histological examination of the periapical tissues of monkey teeth, either 1 or 6 months, after vital pulpectomy and immediate root filling with gutta-percha and sealer. Zinc oxide-eugenol was used as the control sealer. Normal periapical tissues were observed around all 24 teeth filled with the experimental root canal sealer. The study established that the new root canal sealer had acceptable properties of biocompatibility and sealing ability.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Emergency pulpotomy: pain relieving effect with and without the use of sedative dressings.

Seventy-three teeth with acute irreversible pulpitis were subjected to emergency pulpotomies. After removal of the coronal portion of the pulp, a sterile cotton pellet or zinc oxide-eugenol cement was placed against the remaining pulp tissue. The cotton pellet was either dry or moistened with camphorated phenol, cresatin, eugenol, or isotonic saline. This gave six different groups of treatment following the pulpotomy. All teeth were sealed with zinc oxide-eugenol cement. By means of questionnaires, symptoms were recorded after the anesthetic effect was gone and also at 1, 7, and 30 days after treatment. A total of 70 patients (96%) reported pain relief. Three patients did not experience relief and returned for pulpectomy. After the first postoperative day, no pain was reported by any of the patients. The frequency of discomfort decreased from 11% 1 day postoperatively to 1% 30 days after the emergency treatment. There was no difference in recorded symptoms among the six treatment groups. Thus, removal of caries, pulpotomy, and sealing of the cavity apparently was a reliable means to relieve pain. The use of the various dressings did not contribute to the relief of pain.

Analgesics↗