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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Pathology of upper respiratory tract disease of gopher tortoises in Florida.

Between August 1993 and September 1995, 24 gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) were received for pathological evaluations from various locations in Florida (USA). All tortoises were examined for clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) including nasal and ocular discharge, palpebral edema, and conjunctivitis. Of the 24 tortoises, 10 had current or previously observed clinical signs of URTD and 14 did not. A blood sample was drawn for detection of anti-mycoplasma antibodies by ELISA, and nasal lavage samples were collected for culture and detection of Mycoplasma agassizii gene sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 14 clinically healthy tortoises, eight were sero-, culture- and PCR-negative, and six were seropositive for antibodies against M. agassizii. Of those six, five were culture- and/or PCR-positive for M. agassizii, and one was culture- and PCR-negative. Of the 10 ill tortoises, nine were seropositive by the ELISA and one was in the suspect range. Nine of the ill tortoises, including the suspect tortoise, were culture- and/or PCR-positive for M. agassizii, and one was culture- and PCR-negative. For histologic evaluation and discussion, the eight sero-, culture-, and PCR-negative tortoises were designated URTD-negative, and the other 16 were classified as URTD-positive. Histologic evaluation of the upper respiratory tract (URT) indicated the presence of mild to severe inflammatory, hyperplastic, or dysplastic changes in 14 URTD-positive tortoises. Seven of eight URTD-negative tortoises had normal appearing nasal cavities; one had mild inflammatory changes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an organism consistent with Mycoplasma spp. on the nasal mucosal surface of tortoises with clinical signs and lesions of URTD. Additionally, gram-negative bacteria were isolated more frequently from the nasal cavities of URTD-positive tortoises than URTD-negative tortoises. Because clinical signs of URTD were never observed in six of the URTD-positive tortoises, we also conclude that subclinical URTD can occur in gopher tortoises.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of Paxirasol aerosol on the clinical condition and objective functional respiratory parameters of obstructive respiratory tract disease patients.

Paxirasol aerosol applied in daily 3 x 5-puff doses was well tolerated by the examined patients. In the course of the 21-day therapy the laboratory findings did not change-haemopoetic or liver injury was not observed. On two-thirds of the patients the amount of sputum decreased in response to Paxirasol aerosol but the symptoms accompanying expectoration did not change notably. Among the objective respiratory parameters FEV1 values increased and Rtot values decreased. These changes may be observed during the first third of therapy. There was a continuous and linear increase in FEV values characteristic of respiratory pressure conditions. This phenomenon is not characteristic alone of the changes of values of obstructive diseases patients. The authors recommend the use of Paxirasol aerosol for the treatment of respiratory tract disease patients.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2005

Concurrent bacterial infection and prolonged mechanical ventilation in infants with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract disease.

OBJECTIVE: To identify demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables predictive for a concurrent bacterial pulmonary infection in ventilated infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) and investigate antimicrobial drug use. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective, observational study in a 14-bed pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS: 82 infants younger than 1 year of age with a virologically confirmed RSV LRTD during 1996-2001, of whom 65 were mechanically ventilated. RESULTS: Microbiological data were available from 38 ventilated infants, 10 of whom had a positive blood culture (n=1) or endotracheal aspirate (n=9) obtained upon admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Infants with a positive culture had a lower mean gestational age but were otherwise demographically comparable to those with negative culture results. Infants with a positive culture were ventilated 4 days longer. Indicators for a concurrent bacterial infection were comparable between ventilated and nonventilated infants. Antimicrobial drugs were used in 95.1% of infants (100% of ventilated infants) with a mean duration of 7.8+/-0.3 days. The moment of initiation and duration of antimicrobial drug treatment varied considerably. CONCLUSIONS: We observed in ventilated infants a low occurrence of concurrent bacterial pulmonary infection, but infants with positive cultures needed prolonged ventilatory support. Improvement in the diagnosis of a pulmonary bacterial infection is warranted to reduce the overuse of antimicrobial drugs among ventilated infants with RSV LRTD and to restrict these drugs to the proper patients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of erythromycin on neutrophil function in chronic respiratory tract diseases with Pseudomonas infection].

The "low dose and long term" erythromycin (EM) therapy has been reported as effective (or useful) in chronic respiratory tract disease with pseudomonas (P.) infection including diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), however the mode of action is still obscure. Therefore in this study we have examined the effect of EM on the interaction between P. aeruginosa and human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) in vitro. The efficiency of intracellular killing and the ability of superoxide production were employed to evaluate the PMN functions. For the first step, the following results were obtained; 1) Pretreatment of PMN with 20 micrograms/ml EM did not affect the killing ability of PMNs against opsonized P. aeruginosa of standard and clinical isolate from DPB patient. 2) Superoxide production from PMNs was observed by phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa in the presence of serum. This was not affected by exposure of PMNs to 20 micrograms/ml EM even with increased ratios of bacteria to cells. 3) Pretreatment of P. aeruginosa with 20 micrograms/ml EM before opsonization enhanced the killing ability of PMNs in both standard and clinical isolate. 4) Pretreatment of P. aeruginosa with 20 micrograms/ml EM resulted in no effect on superoxide production from PMNs by phagocytosis of the bacteria. These results indicate that EM may modify a certain step of the interaction between bacteria and intracellular host defence mechanisms. Therefore for the second step, we have investigated the susceptibility of EM-exposed bacteria to killing by the cell free (glucose oxidase-glucose) system, which will detect the enzymatic generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The following results were observed; 1) EM-exposed bacteria was more susceptible to killing than control bacteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bronchiolitis↗
PubMed1990

Observations with tinset tablet in allergic respiratory tract diseases.

The effect of Tinset tablet (30 mg oxatomide) has been examined in 68 patients suffering from allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract or from allergic diseases accidentally accompanying different pulmonary diseases. In general the daily doses were 2 x 1 tab., occasionally 2 x 2 tab., a number of 12-16-year old patients received only 1 tab. daily. On the basis of the clinical symptoms, spirometric examinations, and global evaluation it has been concluded that the drug may be used most successfully in seasonal rhinitis, allergodermatosis, and allergic conjunctivitis cases and in extrinsic allergic asthma of children. The therapeutic effectiveness of the drug is insignificant in perennial rhinitis and adult extrinsic asthma cases. The somnolence-inducing effect of the drug is notable (it developed in 50% of the patients). In 23 of the 68 patients weight-gain, in 3 cases each gastric complaint or dryness of mouth developed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Opportunistic microorganisms in respiratory tract diseases in patients of the Moscow Province region].

The respiratory tract microflora in patients with inflammatory processes of the upper and lower respiratory tracts in the Moscow Province region has been studied. Changes in the microflora were found to occur in patients with pyoinflammatory diseases (PID) of the upper and lower respiratory tracts have been found to occur. Gram-positive cocci, mainly staphylococci and streptococci, were shown to play the leading etiological role in the development of PID. As revealed in this study, the microorganisms detected in the inflammations of the upper and lower respiratory tracts are coagulase-negative staphylococci, mainly S. epidermidis, as well as enterococci and streptococci belonging to the group viridans.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1996

[Effectiveness of health promotion measures: a study of quality assurance in inpatient rehabilitation treatment of patients with chronic obstructive respiratory tract diseases].

The article describes outcomes of a quality assurance study to evaluate defined health promotion measures within a 4-week inpatient rehabilitation treatment. 308 patients, mostly with chronic obstructive diseases of the respiratory tract, have been studied at the beginning and end of inpatient treatment, as well as 6 months after treatment (follow-up). Dependent variables were knowledge of relevant health information and self-assessment of health behaviour. The results show that patients substantially improve their knowledge of health information during rehabilitation treatment. These effects remain stable at the 6-months follow-up. Self-assessed measures of relevant health behaviour at follow-up indicate that behavioural changes have been implemented in daily routines. Different degrees of effectiveness in subgroups are discussed, and steps to further optimize the treatment are proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Respiratory tract disease from thermosetting resins. Study of an outbreak in rubber tire workers.

An outbreak of upper and lower respiratory tract inflammatory disease and conjunctivitis among synthetic rubber tire workers occurred. The outbreak began after the introduction of a new thermosetting resin, containing resorcinol and a trimere of methylene aminoacetronitrile, into the rubber tire carcass stock formulation. Two hundred ten workers were affected. Characteristically, symptoms improved during periods of sick leave or vacation, recurring upon the workers' return to the plant. Chest radiograms disclosed pneumonic infiltrates in about one fourth of the cases. Pulmonary function studies detected abnormal airways dynamics as well as abnormal diffusing capacity in more than one third of the workers tested. Lung biopsy showed evidence of focal interstitial fibrosis and peribronchiolar and perivascular chronic inflammatory reaction. The illness was ascribed to volatile products released during the manufacture of synthetic rubber tires. The exact chemical nature of these products is unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Clinical and radiographic assessment of acute lower respiratory tract disease in infants and children.

The admission chest roentgenogram, temperature, and WBC of over 100 children with viral lower respiratory disease were compared with those for children with proven bacterial pneumonia. A scoring system was developed to assess the likelihood of bacterial or viral etiology of lower respiratory tract disease. Pulmonary infiltrates that were well defined and involved the mid or peripheral portions of only one lobe, pleural effusions and abscess or pneumatocele formation--characteristics associated with bacterial infection--were assigned a plus score. Poorly defined infiltrates, often involving the perihilar region of more than one lobe, and atelectasis involving the right middle lobe, the right upper lobe or multiple sites--characteristics associated with viral infection--were assigned a negative score. Additional plus scores were given for age greater than 6 months, fever greater than or equal to 103 degrees F, and for an elevated WBC. Application of the scoring system, retrospectively, to cases with proven etiology, demonstrated that a score of 0 or less had a predictive value of 95% for viral pneumonia, while the predictive value of a positive score for bacterial etiology was 70%. Use of the score for initiating antibiotics would have resulted in overtreatment with antibiotics of 11% of the cases. It is recognized that viral infection may facilitate bacterial invasion and that a child may present at any stage during this process; therefore, continuing evaluation and reassessment are important in the management of acute lower respiratory disease. However, the scoring system provides useful guidelines for use of antibiotics in initial treatment of childhood pneumonias, which should reduce unnecessary administration for viral infections.

Adolescent↗