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Results for “SCLEROSIS, MULTIPLE”

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PubMed2001

Management of spasticity, pain, and paroxysmal phenomena in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease with tremendous variability and innumerable symptoms. Among the more common symptoms is spasticity. Despite a lack of full knowledge of the physiology causing this phenomenon, successful treatments have been developed. Many of these have had a recent introduction. Pain and paroxysmal phenomena are surprisingly common in MS, but have not had the recognition their frequency deserves. It is not unusual to hear that they are rare in MS, but surprisingly they are all too common. Their management is changing as newer treatments are developed.

Acetates↗

PubMed1997

Allogeneic bone marrow transplant for chronic myelogenous leukemia in a patient with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in which immune mechanisms appear to be an important component of the pathophysiology. Although the clinical manifestations are variable, a subset of patients develops a progressive clinical course associated with marked neurologic impairment and significant morbidity. BMT has been proposed as treatment for such patients based on preclinical data as well as clinical observations in other autoimmune diseases. We report clinical and MRI findings in an MS patient, later diagnosed with CML, and treated with an allogeneic BMT.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of sex on susceptibility in the Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus model for multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in humans which affects females more frequently than males. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) induces demyelination similar to human MS in susceptible strains of mice after intracerebral inoculation. In this paper we report that sex influences susceptibility to TMEV-induced demyelination in certain genotypes derived from C57L/J and SJL/J or SWR/J mice. This is the first report of an animal model for MS that shows an association between sex and susceptibility, and this information may facilitate the investigation of human MS.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Goodpasture's syndrome associated with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported to occur in association with other autoimmune diseases. Here we report the case of a woman with primary progressive MS who developed and died of Goodpasture's syndrome associated with anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. Of interest she had the human leukocyte antigen haplotype (DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602) most frequently associated with these two diseases; however, it is likely that other genes, particularly those involved with immunoregulation, also contributed to her susceptibility to these diseases. The association of MS and autoimmune renal disease may be more common than currently recognized.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Update on the relationships between neuropsychological dysfunction and structural MRI in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the CNS, characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration. Besides the sensory and motor deficits that are the hallmark of this disease, approximately 50% of MS patients are cognitively impaired. Over the years, structural neuroimaging has been used widely in MS patients for both diagnostic and research purposes. Various conventional and nonconventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures have provided important information about the degree and mechanisms of cerebral pathology, and these measures correlate with cognitive and affective disturbances. In this article, recent contributions to the literature regarding the correlation between MRI and neuropsychological function in MS are reviewed.

Humans↗

PubMed1989

[The significance of stereotaxic brain biopsy in atypical multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system. Up to now, there is no pathognomonic test to ascertain the diagnosis and in 10 to 15% of MS cases there are problems in differential diagnosis. We report 15 bioptically diagnosed MS cases with atypical clinical, C.S.F. and neuroradiological findings. In each case the diagnosis of MS was made by CT/MRI-stereotactic brain biopsy. Neoplastic and other non-tumorous lesions could be excluded. Indications for and significance of stereotactic brain biopsy in atypical cases of MS are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[New understanding of the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although the immune system seems to play an important role in its pathogenesis, target antigens are still uncertain and pathways leading to tissue destruction have not been fully elucidated. Recent studies have significantly contributed to better understanding of the disease process and broadened our view on possible scenarios of disease initiation and progression. Here, we review the role of the immune system in the manifestation and evolution of MS and discuss different pathogenetic concepts. We conclude with an outlook on future strategies for identifying the cause of MS.

Axons↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Symptomatic management in multiple sclerosis].

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease, characyerized by demylinization of white matter of Central Nervous System (CNS). Its etiology is still unknown. In the world, about 2.000.000 of people are affected by MS, with higher prevalence in North-America and North-Europe. Two are the essential features of the therapeutical management in MS: 1) immunomodulating therapy, which consists of "disease modifing drugs"; 2) symptomatic treatment. Only some patients can benefit of immunomodulating therapy, whereas symptomatic treatment can be helpfull to everbody. In the following pages the authors will review the medical options used in the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic management of MS.

Deglutition Disorders↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The functional model in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a sometimes progressive neurologic disorder of young adults that can result in disability and markedly altered lifestyles. Traditionally, MS has had a negative impact on both the patient and healthcare provider, because there is no known cure and treatments are symptomatic. The Functional Model offers a new way of focusing on MS by evaluating function rather than dysfunction, and by emphasizing healthcare and self-care activities that may help the patient move from dependency to a more independent functional status. This model provides rehabilitation personnel with a tool to design individualized interventions and encourage the patient to focus on strengths rather than weaknesses.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the CNS that is characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axon loss. The inflammation in MS appears to be caused by an overactive pro-inflammatory T(H)1 profile in T cells. Demyelination can result as a consequence of direct damage to myelin by inflammatory cells or indirectly because of the environment produced by inflammation. Axon loss occurs in MS lesions starting early in the disease. Treatments now approved by the FDA are most effective in the inflammatory phase of the disease. Because axon loss is irreversible and is responsible for long-term disability, therapies are also needed that enhance remyelination or are neuroprotective.

Apoptosis↗

PubMed1984

Sexual disturbances arising from multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis patients under the age of 50 with only a slight handicap were very often found to have disturbances of sexual functions (among male patients 71.4%; among female patients 73.9%; control group 18.7%). In 19.6% of the cases, the disturbances were of a serious nature. These disturbances, as well as disturbances of function of bladder and colon, were found to be mainly brought about by separate damage in the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord. The incidence of these disturbances bore no relationship to the degree of motor disturbances, age of the patient or duration of the disease.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Lessons from studies of antigen-specific T cell responses in Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is considered a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of central nervous system myelin. Based on elegant experiments in an animal model of MS, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a number of myelin proteins and peptides derived from these can induce inflammatory demyelinating lesions. Recent studies with transgenic mice expressing human HLA-DR molecules and a myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cell receptor as well as data from a phase II clinical trial with an altered peptide ligand based on MBP peptide (83-99) provide convincing evidence that the pathogenetic concepts which largely stem from the above EAE studies are valid in MS, too.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Mental health and mental health service use among people aged 45+ with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease with numerous symptoms and consequences that does not typically reduce life expectancy. Mental health issues are common in this population, yet few investigations have targeted people aging with this disease (i.e., people aged 45+). This study examined factors contributing to mental health challenges among 1282 people with MS aged 45 to 90 and the extent of mental health service use among those who reported problems. Findings showed that functional abilities, age, years since diagnosis, presence of a helper, and self-rated health are related to mental health challenges. Less than 16% of people with mental health challenges were receiving services.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Factors influencing sib risks for multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is now thought to be a complex trait determined by genetic and non-genetic (environmental) factors. The study group, identified from the Canadian Collaborative Project on Genetic Susceptibility to MS, consisted of 1,083 MS index cases, 2,166 of their parents and 3,112 of their sibs. The results, together with those of a previous study on an independent data set, suggest that gender, age of MS onset and having one parent with MS may individually and interactively alter sib risks for MS. These data are important for genetic counselling and for molecular genetic (genome screens, candidate gene analyses) studies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

New immunopathologic insights into multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although the immune system seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of disease, target antigens are still uncertain and pathways leading to tissue destruction have not been fully elucidated. Recent studies have significantly contributed to a better understanding of the disease process and broadened our view on possible scenarios of disease initiation and progression. We review the role of the immune system for the manifestation and evolution of MS and discuss different pathogenetic concepts. We conclude with an outlook on future strategies to identify the cause of MS.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Contemporary immunomodulatory therapy for multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is no longer considered an unmanageable disease. Five drugs have obtained regulatory approval to safely and effectively modify the course of MS. Three preparations of interferon beta-Avonex (interferon beta-1a), Betaseron (interferon beta-1b), and Rebif (interferon beta 1a)-have shown efficacy in relapsing-remitting MS and show promise in slowing the course of secondary progressive MS. Glatiramir acetate (Copaxone) has demonstrated efficacy in relapsing-remitting MS, and is being tested for the management of primary progressive disease. Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) has been approved for secondary progressive and progressive relapsing MS. There is a tendency toward early diagnosis and treatment based on the hypothesis that treatment effectiveness declines with advancing disease.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1987

Rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common diseases capable of producing severe disability in the young adult population. In fact, only rheumatic disorders and trauma exceed MS in this respect. Because the total population of patients in the United States is probably 250,000 to 500,000 and as a substantial number suffer severe disability, MS is a disease of considerable social and economic impact. The authors discuss the treatment of many of the most troubling symptoms of MS, including disorders of gait, bladder and bowel, upper extremities, speech, and deglutition. Such treatment entails careful assessment of the patient's neurologic and other symptoms; knowledge of his or her intellectual, emotional, and social skills and demands; and an understanding of the patient's support network.

Deglutition Disorders↗

PubMed2005

Vitamin B12, demyelination, remyelination and repair in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and vitamin B12 deficiency share common inflammatory and neurodegenerative pathophysiological characteristics. Due to similarities in the clinical presentations and MRI findings, the differential diagnosis between vitamin B12 deficiency and MS may be difficult. Additionally, low or decreased levels of vitamin B12 have been demonstrated in MS patients. Moreover, recent studies suggest that vitamin B12, in addition to its known role as a co-factor in myelin formation, has important immunomodulatory and neurotrophic effects. These observations raise the questions of possible causal relationship between the two disorders, and suggest further studies of the need to close monitoring of vitamin B12 levels as well as the potential requirement for supplementation of vitamin B12 alone or in combination with the immunotherapies for MS patients.

Animals↗