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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Traumatic fractures of primary molars: a case report.

Dental trauma occurs very often in children and its consequences vary from tiny fractures to the complete avulsion of the tooth. According to Andreasen, 86.5% of incidents of dental trauma suffered by preschool children cause injury to maxillary primary incisors, whereas only 0.5% cause injury to primary molars. This case report is of a male patient aged 7 years who had fallen down a month before, struck his chin against a step, and fractured the maxillary and mandibular left primary second molars (65 and 75) and the mandibular right primary second molar (85). The 65 required only smoothing of sharp edges, 75 received endodontic treatment and a stainless steel crown, and 85 was extracted and a space maintainer fitted. The early diagnosis of fractures of posterior teeth is very important; a thorough examination of all posterior teeth should be made, especially when child suffers trauma to the chin region.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Space-regaining treatment for a submerged primary molar: a case report.

The aetiology of submerged primary molars is not known and optimal treatment has still not been established. If submerged primary teeth are left untreated, the occlusal consequences are space-loss due to tipping of adjacent teeth and/or overeruption of the opposing teeth. Normally, treatment consists of extraction of the deciduous teeth or observation for normal exfoliation. Here we report a case where the submerged primary molar was extracted surgically after space-loss had been regained.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2003

Dental care of a child in pain -- a comparison of treatment planning options offered by GDPs in California and the North-west of England.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the treatment plans offered by general dental practitioners (GDPs) in the North-west of England (UK) and California (USA) in dealing with a child in pain. METHODS: A cross-sectional postal survey of a convenience sample of 135 UK and 170 USA GDP. These GDPs were asked to consider a case scenario of a 5-year-old child with pain from a lower first primary molar and to offer a treatment plan. The plan was to have three phases: immediate care, follow-up care and longer term preventive strategy. The influence of cost on treatment plans was also recorded. RESULTS: Response rates for the GDPs were 117 (86.6%) from the UK and 139 (81.8%) from the USA. The major differences in immediate care were as follows: 98% of Americans would take a radiograph, 41% would consider extraction, 37% would place a space maintainer and 4% would use general anaesthesia to extract a tooth. Comparable proportions for the English dentists were 20%, 21%, 2% and 40%. Later clinical options also showed differences: 39% of UK dentists would extract all first primary molars compared to only 1% of Americans. Eighty-eight per cent of USA dentists would place a nickel chrome crown compared to 4% of UK respondents. There were also differences in the longer term preventive measures. Greater proportions of American dentists would offer fluoride varnish (30%) and fluoride mouthrinse (37%). Comparable UK responses were 13% and 28%. Cost of care was only mentioned by 3% of UK dentists, whereas 70% of USA dentists mentioned cost as a factor in treatment planning. CONCLUSION: There were marked differences in the treatment of a child in pain between general practitioners in the UK and the USA. Further investigations are required to elucidate the reasons for these differences.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed2006

[Prevention and treatment of dento-maxillary discrepancy].

The many clinical and radiological signs of arch length discrepancy simplify the practitioner's task of diagnosing it early. When they need to deal with insufficient room in the dental arch, orthodontists have available to them a large variety of therapeutic possibilities that require relatively little cooperation from young patients and that often work quickly to correct beginning malocclusions in the mixed dentition or that prevent them from worsening. Orthodontists decide whether to use space maintainers, increase arch length, or embark on a program of serial extraction depending upon the type of disorder, its severity, and its etiology. The principle objectives of early treatment in arch length discrepancy cases are to re-establish a balanced occlusion and to reduce the duration and the complexity of definitive treatment in the adult dentition.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2002

Four applications of reinforced polyethylene fiber material in orthodontic practice.

Four different orthodontic applications of a polyethylene fiber material are shown and discussed in case reports. Ribbond (Ribbond Inc, Seattle, Wash), a bondable, reinforced polyethylene fiber material, was successfully used in a fixed orthodontic retainer, a space maintainer, a temporary postorthodontic fixation device to attach a pontic to abutment teeth during periodontal therapy, and a posttraumatic stabilization splint. This clinical practice was based on earlier studies showing that the polyethylene fiber material adapted easily to dental contours and could be manipulated during the bonding process. It also has acceptable strength because of good integration of fibers with composite resin; this leads to good clinical longevity. Because thinner composite resins can be used, the volume of the splint can be minimized. There is no need for significant tooth structure removal, so the technique is reversible and conservative. It also satisfies patients' esthetic expectations. These cases show that Ribbond is a promising splint material for use in orthodontic practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Mandibular arch dimensional and positional changes in late mixed-dentition Class I and II treatment.

The purposes of this study were to determine the range of likely mandibular arch dimensional and positional changes that occur with growth when a particular nonextraction treatment approach is used in the late mixed dentition and to search for factors that might affect those changes. The records (pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms and study casts) of 182 patients with Class I or Class II malocclusion, with or without crowding, were assessed prospectively. Considerable individual variation was found in all measurements, and anteroposterior dimensional arch changes were found to be significantly correlated with the amount of space required for leveling and relief of crowding in the mandibular arch. Despite those relationships, mandibular arch space requirements of 4 to 8 mm were found to be associated, on average, with small anteroposterior and transverse dimensional changes. By starting treatment in the late mixed dentition, it might be possible to control anteroposterior mandibular incisal changes reasonably well, even with considerable space requirements. Transverse mandibular arch changes in this sample were generally greater across the first premolars than across the canines, something previously acknowledged to improve stability after orthodontic treatment. A wide range of variation exists in the amount of available bilateral mandibular E-space; consequently, assessing the relative sizes of the deciduous second molars and their permanent successors in individual orthodontic patients is necessary.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2001

Prosthetic considerations in the restoration of orthodontically treated maxillary lateral incisors to replace missing central incisors: a clinical report.

The treatment of young patients with missing maxillary incisors poses a challenge to prosthodontists and orthodontists. The 2 principal treatment options are (1) the reopening or maintenance of space for future autotransplantation and/or prosthodontic restoration of the missing teeth, or (2) total orthodontic space closure, followed by prosthodontic modification of the lateral incisors to simulate the central incisors. This article discusses only the second option and describes 2 alternative methods for the modification of crown anatomy. These procedures facilitate the orthodontic closure of missing central incisor spaces to ensure satisfactory, esthetic results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The effect of removal of all third molars on the dental arches in the third decade of life.

The intent of this study was to evaluate any change in the dental arches of adults in the third decade of life after the removal of all third molars in relation to occlusal factors, gender and the status of the third molars prior to extraction. The subjects were 24 healthy students (9 women, 15 men; mean age 23.2; age range 20-32) whose third molars were all removed. All extractions in the lower arch were performed because of impaction and complicating symptoms such as pain and swelling. Full occlusal registrations were performed before the extractions and one year afterwards, including the production of dental casts. The dimensions of the lower dental arch showed a small, but significant, increase one year after the removal of all the third molars. No significant change took place in the lower anterior area during the year. In the maxillary arch (in the lateral and transversal dimensions), the direction of change was similar to that of the lower arch, but smaller than in the mandibular arch. This indicated a minor space gain during the year after the removal of all third molars. The changes in the dental arches did not correlate significantly with changes in craniomandibular disorders (CMDs). It can be concluded that the extraction of an impacted third molar allows at least the second molar to drift posteriorly and laterally in the dental arch. The results give no further indication, in this age group, to extract the lower third molars in order to prevent lower anterior crowding.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Maintenance of heterogeneity of capillary spacing is essential for adequate oxygenation in the soleus muscle of the growing rat.

OBJECTIVES: Normal muscle growth is accompanied by capillary proliferation, which usually lags behind the increase in muscle size, causing a decline in mean capillary density (CD). It is not known, however, how the capillary distribution is affected and what impact it has on the oxygenation of the muscle. METHODS: The capillarization of soleus muscles of rats (64-425 g) was determined with the method of capillary domains. As well as quantifying CD, capillary to fiber ratio (C:F), and fiber size, this method provides a measure of the heterogeneity of capillary spacing. Capillary locations were used to mathematically model oxygenation levels within the muscle. RESULTS: The increase in muscle mass was largely attributable to 5-fold increase in fiber size, accompanied by a more than 3-fold rise in C:F. The mismatch between rates of angiogenesis and muscle growth resulted in a decrease in CD. However, the heterogeneity of capillary spacing was unaffected (heterogeneity index logRSD: 0.091 +/- 0.013; mean +/- SD) as was muscle PO2, with modal values between 4 and 60 mmHg (0.5 and 8 kPa). CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenesis during normal muscle growth does not maintain CD, but with similar heterogeneity of capillary spacing it preserves the potential for adequate intramuscular oxygenation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Dental changes in the mandible during initial Bass appliance therapy.

The aim of this study was to analyse movements of lower molars and incisors during 6 months of Bass appliance therapy and to evaluate the dental arch space attained. The sample consisted of 53 patients with severe Class II, division 1 malocclusions. The analyses were performed on lateral cephalograms and dental casts. Sixteen of the patients were followed for 6 months before treatment. Dental space in the lower jaw decreased 0.7 mm (n = 16) during the observation period and increased 1.8 mm (n = 53) during the 6 months of treatment. The molars moved posteriorly a total of 0.7 and tipped distally 2.4 degrees during treatment. The incisors moved anteriorly 0.3 mm and tipped mesially 0.5 degree.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1998

Autotransplantation of teeth: is there a role?

Autotransplantation of teeth, if carried out successfully, ensures that alveolar bone volume is maintained due to physiological stimulation of the periodontal ligament. Autotransplantation has been carried out for many years, but with varying success rates. As a result, it is seldom regarded as an appropriate treatment option for patients with missing teeth especially with the continued development of osseo-integrated implants. Since placement of osseo-integrated implants in growing alveolar bone is contra-indicated, transplantation of available teeth remains a suitable choice for replacing missing units in the young patient. The role of autotransplantation of teeth in several clinical situations, the clinical techniques involved and factors influencing success of the transplant are discussed. The aim of this paper is to underline the evidence based principles for successful autotransplantation and present the technique as a viable treatment option in present day orthodontic practice.

Anodontia↗