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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Isolated heart responsiveness to beta-simulation after exercise training in obesity.

PURPOSE: Exercise training results in many health benefits, but few studies have focused on whether exercise training might attenuate the adverse effects of obesity on heart function. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise training attenuated obesity-related decreases in systolic contractile function in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation, using the rabbit model of obesity. METHODS: Female New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups: lean sedentary, lean exercise-trained, obese sedentary, and obese exercise-trained. Obese rabbits were fed an ad libitum high-fat diet. Exercise-trained rabbits underwent a 12-wk progressive treadmill exercise training protocol. After 12 wk, the Langendorff isolated heart method was used to study developed pressure, +dP/dt, and -dP/dt responses to increasing concentrations of isoproterenol (10(-9)--3 x 10(-7) M). Log concentration-response data were fit to a sigmoidal function, using a four-parameter (minimum, maximum, EC(50), slope) logistic equation. Groups were compared using a 2 x 2 analysis of variance. RESULTS: Although obesity shifted the concentration-response curves for developed pressure, +dP/dt, and -dP/dt to the right as indicated by an increase in the EC(50) (P < or = 0.05), there was no effect of exercise training on any of the logistic regression parameters. EC(50) (log M) values for combined lean versus combined obese were -8.50 +/- 0.7 vs -8.20 +/- 0.09 (developed pressure), -8.04 +/- 0.06 vs -7.68 +/- 0.07 (+dP/dt), and -8.17 +/- 0.07 vs -7.91 +/- 0.09 (-dP/dt). CONCLUSION: These results confirm the negative effect of obesity on responsiveness of the isolated heart to beta-adrenergic stimulation but indicate that exercise training does not significantly attenuate obesity-related changes.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of a virtual reality simulator in sustainment training.

Is there a better way to train and prepare our health care personnel to function in a chemical biological environment while continuing to provide for patient care in a variety of healthcare settings? The purpose of this pilot work was to compare the effectiveness and user satisfaction of the Cath-Sim Intravenous Training System to the traditional IV arm model for teaching and achieving competence at IV insertion while in Mission-Oriented Protective Posture level 4 for Army medical personnel. Grounded in adult psychomotor learning principles and in an established evaluation model, participants were tested on both the traditional IV arm and Cath-Sim models and then allowed to practice on each model while at Mission-Oriented Protective Posture level 4. One week later, participants were again tested on both models. Outcome measures included (1) a computer-generated score sheet measuring time to success and criterion success/nonsuccess on the Cath-Sim; (2) time and success rating for IV insertion on the IV arm model; and (3) satisfaction evaluations completed by the participants. There were conflicting evaluation scores for recommending one model over the other. Participants felt that there was some benefit to each model depending on user, setting, and purpose.

Biological Warfare↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prehospital and hospital-based health care providers' experience with a human patient simulator.

OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the level of acceptance of a human patient simulator as a training tool among a diverse group of health care providers. Secondary objectives were to elucidate its most useful aspects for training and find ways to improve upon the simulation experience. METHODS: A satisfaction survey was conducted regarding the use of a human patient simulator from July 1999 to February 2000. The survey consisted of five questions with a five-point Likert scale (5 being the most favorable score) and three questions that asked for qualitative written feedback on the simulator experience. The survey was handed to 78 consecutive participants immediately after their experiences and collected immediately after it was filled out to ensure a 100% response rate to the overall survey. Qualitative responses were placed into categories by theme, and a sum was calculated for each category. RESULTS: There was a high level of acceptance for simulation training among this diverse group, with Likert scores for the first two questions regarding general satisfaction of 4.74 +/- 0.126 (n = 77) and 4.77 +/- 0.126 (n = 78). Regarding the usefulness of each specific area of simulator training, the scores were 4.53 +/- 0.153 (n = 78) for patient assessment, 4.55 +/- 0.182 (n = 47) for treatment options, and 4.70 +/- 0.125 (n = 63) for response to treatment. There were 49 positive comments and nine negative comments. Realism (n = 26) and the ability to see response to treatment (n = 12) were the two most common positive comments. Negative comments focused on logistics of the simulator lab (n = 4) rather than the simulator itself. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, prehospital and hospital-based health professionals were accepting of human patient simulation as a new teaching tool with multiple useful applications.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed2000

A new endoscopic simulator.

Trainees need to perform a certain number of endoscopic procedures to achieve competence. Training on simulators is advantageous because it reduces the number of potentially life-threatening critical mistakes. The change in medical practice that limits education time and patient availability, and the increase in medical legal awareness, have contributed to the greater use of simulators in medical training and education. Simulators are of three types: mechanical, animal, and computer based. Progress in computer technology is expected to promote computer-based simulators. At present, the computer-based simulator is helpful in teaching upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, for diagnostic and some therapeutic procedures. It has been used at workshops and live demonstrations performed during endoscopic meetings. It is predicted that with further technological improvement, training on simulators will become obligatory before performing on humans.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed2001

The simulation effects of mountain climbing training on selected endocrine responses.

The simulation effects of mountain climbing exercise training on plasma testosterone, cortisol and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were examined in ten recreational mountain male climbers. Subjects underwent a simulating mountain climbing exercise training 3 times a week for a total of eight weeks before an expedition to Mount Muztag Ata (7546 m, Xingian, China). During training, each subject carried a 40 kg back pack while walking on a treadmill at a speed of 1.9 mph for 60 min at sea level. Subjects completed an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion prior to training, after training, and one week after returning from Mount Muztag Ata. Blood samples were collected from antecubital vein at rest and at 5, 60, and 120 min post testing to determine the plasma testosterone, cortisol and LH levels. The basal plasma testosterone and cortisol concentrations were lower in both post-training and after-climbing conditions compared with that in the pre-training condition (p<0.01). The basal plasma LH concentration was remained unchanged after training and after the mountain climbing compared with levels measured in the pre-training phase. No correlation could be established between plasma LH and testosterone level. These results suggest that an eight-week period of mountain climbing training protocol may be beneficial in maintaining normal endocrine function during and after high altitude mountain expedition. Our results also indicate the decrease of plasma testosterone was LH independent.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Simulators for intimate examination training in the developing world.

CONTEXT: Family planning clinic in urban India. OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of a pelvic simulator for intimate examination and intrauterine device insertion training, and for enhancing reproductive education for women. DESIGN: Observational study using evaluation forms completed by staff, and focus group interviews with women and girls participating in sexual health education. Content analysis of interview material. RESULTS: Staff being trained in intimate examination found the simulator to be useful in increasing their level of skill. Participants in sexual health education reported an improved range and depth of knowledge following demonstrations with the simulator. CONCLUSION: Where working and training conditions are crowded and lacking in privacy, inappropriate examination practices are likely to be propagated. Training for intimate examinations can be enhanced by the use of pelvic simulators.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Impact of real-time respiratory function monitoring on neonatal mask ventilation training: a multicentre simulation-based crossover study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether visibility of respiratory function monitor (RFM) feedback improves mask ventilation performance and influences subsequent ventilation performance during neonatal resuscitation training. DESIGN: multicentre randomised crossover simulation study. PARTICIPANTS: Healthcare professionals involved in neonatal resuscitation training across participating centres. INTERVENTION: Participants performed positive pressure ventilation (PPV) on both term and premature manikins under two conditions: with visible RFM feedback and with the display masked. The order of feedback visibility was randomised. Each participant completed ventilation assessments in both conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were expired tidal volume (Vte) and mask leak (%). The proportion of breaths within the target Vte range (4-8&#x2009;mL/kg) was calculated as a performance indicator. Secondary outcomes included variability in Vte and mask leak to assess ventilation stability between conditions. RESULTS: Visible RFM feedback was associated with lower mask leak and improved ventilation stability in the preterm manikin and with tidal volumes entering the target range in the term manikin. Participants initially ventilated with visible feedback maintained performance after feedback removal, suggesting a carry-over learning effect. CONCLUSION: In this multicentre crossover simulation study, visible RFM feedback was associated with changes in mask ventilation performance and evidence of a carry-over learning effect following feedback removal. Real-time visibility of respiratory parameters may strengthen neonatal resuscitation training.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

It is not how much you have but how you use it: toward a rational use of simulation to support aviation training.

One of the most remarkable changes in aviation training over the past few decades is the use of simulation. The capabilities now offered by simulation have created unlimited opportunities for aviation training. In fact, aviation training is now more realistic, safe, cost-effective, and flexible than ever before. However, we believe that a number of misconceptions--or invalid assumptions--exist in the simulation community that prevent us from fully exploiting and utilizing recent scientific advances in a number of related fields in order to further enhance aviation training. These assumptions relate to the overreliance on high-fidelity simulation and to the misuse of simulation to enhance learning of complex skills. The purpose of this article is to discuss these assumptions in the hope of initiating a dialogue between behavioral scientists and engineers.

Aviation↗
PubMed2003

The response of trained athletes to six weeks of endurance training in hypoxia or normoxia.

This study was performed to investigate the effect of training under simulated hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia training was integrated into the normal training schedule of 12 endurance trained cyclists. Athletes were randomly assigned to two groups and performed three additional training bouts per week for six weeks on a bicycle ergometer. One group (HG) trained at the anaerobic threshold under hypoxic conditions (corresponding to an altitude of 3200 m) while the control group (NG) trained at the same relative intensity at 560 m. Preceding and following the six training weeks, performance tests were performed under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Normoxic and hypoxic .VO2max, maximal power output as well as hypoxic work-capacity were not improved after the training period. Testing under hypoxic conditions revealed a significant increase in oxygen saturation (SpO 2, from 67.1 +/- 2.3 % to 70.0 +/- 1.7 %) and in maximal blood lactate concentration (from 7.0 to 9.1 mM) in HG only. Ferritin levels were decreased from 67.4 +/- 16.3 to 42.2 +/- 9.5 microg/l (p < 0.05) in the HG and from 54.3 +/- 6.9 to 31.4+/- 8.0 microg/l (p = 0.17) in the NG. Reticulocytes were significantly increased in both groups by a factor of two. In conclusion, the integration of six weeks of high intensity endurance training did not lead to improved performance in endurance trained athletes whether this training was carried out in hypoxic or normoxic conditions.

Adult↗