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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Self-control, deviant peers, and software piracy.

Tests of self-control theory have examined a substantial number of criminal behaviors, but no study has examined the correlation of low self-control with software piracy. Using data collected from 302 students in this university, this study examined the correlation of low self-control with software piracy and the moderating role of associating with deviant peers in this correlation. Low self-control correlated with software piracy more strongly for those who had high associations with deviant peers than for students with low associations with deviant peers. Analysis indicated differential links for lack of moral attitude in relation to software piracy and favorable attitudes for software piracy for varying association with deviant peers.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A general software package for the handling of medical images.

PICS (portable imaging computer software), is a software system designed for handling and processing a variety of types of medical image. It has been designed to satisfy the following criteria: (a) the software should be portable between different items of hardware with minimal alteration; (b) there should be a simple operator interface to enable use by inexperienced users, while avoiding the need for experienced users to be directed through tedious menu trees; (c) the programming environment should enable simple integration of new data handling protocols. To meet these requirements the software was written in FORTRAN using structured subroutine organization. The software has basic image handling and processing facilities and contains a comprehensive set of nuclear medicine clinical protocols. Other facilities include alignment of images from different modalities with display of superimposed images and ability to handle, analyse and display three-dimensional data sets. Data transfer programs have been written to capture data from gamma camera, CT, MRI, ultrasound and radiographs by converting the images to a common data format. The system provides a hospital with a central digital image handling resource, enabling investigation of the value of digital image processing in potential clinical applications.

Diagnostic Imaging↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Medical imaging workstation: a software environment.

In a study to set up an experimental simple imaging workstation with facilities for image input, storage, presentation and manipulation, BAZIS developed a software package called FRACTALS (Filmless Radiology And Computerized Task Analysis Lab Software). The investment in the development of effective software for digital radiological workstations is of great importance in picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) research. General purpose workstations are becoming less expensive and more powerful. They are an important tool for performing radiological research and developing an adequate human interface. The software should provide the tools and flexibility for modifications that turn out to be required for interaction with the radiologists. The software package FRACTALS is presented in this paper and its applications and future developments are discussed.

Computer Systems↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MCHS: an application software for family welfare programmes.

At the level of first contact, a primary health care centre, information management is an unwieldy task, therefore health information systems are reported to be inadequate and weak. Microcomputers could improve information management at this level, but there is little success due to a lack of specialized application software. In this paper we describe software developed after a multi-centre systems analysis study, on an essential data set, to support the delivery of the public health programmes for family welfare, i.e. maternal health care, family planning and immunization programmes. The modular approach was taken to develop a common application software for information management use at multiple sites. The software is tested in a laboratory mode by retrospective data entry from sites in Sweden and in India. All the information could be entered and site-specific reports that were generated are compared. The software provided a common data collection format, an essential platform for outcomes research.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Identifying features, performance, and limitations of dairy ration formulation software: a comparison of three ration formulation programs.

A method for evaluating and selecting dairy ration formulation software for microcomputers is presented. Information obtained from a survey of practicing nutritionists and from interviews with computer programmers was used to identify users' needs, desired features, and patterns of use. A benchmark problem consisting of 15 activities frequently required in designing dairy rations was developed to evaluate ease of use, ease of learning, and software performance. Ease of use was measured by counting keystrokes and recording time required by a user familiar with these ration formulation programs to complete the benchmark problem. Ease of learning was measured as the amount of help and time needed by users unfamiliar with this software to complete the benchmark problem. Software performance was measured by speed of formulation, ration costs, ingredients and amounts selected, and nutrient content of rations. Evaluation of three commercially available software applications was made using the method developed.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2001

P1198: software for tracing decision behavior in lending to small businesses.

This paper describes a process-tracing software program specially designed to capture decision behavior in lending to small businesses. The source code was written in Lotus Notes. The software runs in a Web browser and consists of two interacting systems: a database and a user interface. The database includes three realistic loan applications. The user interface consists of different but interacting screens that enable the participant to operate the software. Log files register the decision behavior of the participant. An empirical example is presented in order to show the software's potential in providing insights into judgment and decision making. The implications of the software are discussed.

Accounting↗

PubMed2003

General practitioners' perceptions of the pharmaceutical decision-support tools in their prescribing software.

OBJECTIVES: To explore how Australian general practitioners use pharmaceutical decision-support (PDS) systems; to determine GPs' perceptions of the deficiencies and strengths of these systems; and how they believe they can be improved. DESIGN AND SETTING: Qualitative analysis of discussion from three focus groups of GPs (from one rural and two urban Divisions of General Practice) between April and May 2002. PARTICIPANTS: 22 GPs selected to include users of the five most popular prescribing/clinical practice software products available in Australia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Advantages and disadvantages of using PDS software; ideas for improving PDS systems; attitudes to electronic evidence-based guidelines. RESULTS: GPs believed that important interactions may be missed because of desensitisation resulting from too many alerts (which also intrude on workflow); that interaction alerts need to be severity graded and only significant ones should appear; and that improved computer-user interface design could enhance the usefulness of PDS systems. CONCLUSIONS: Our results will provide useful feedback to government, software vendors and software developers on the needs and expectations of end users and on the development of agreed software standards.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1993

Computer software for health care CQI.

The transition from quality assurance to continuous quality improvement (CQI) demands a basic change from centralized to decentralized information management. In CQI, front-line staff can use personal computer (PC) software skills to manage, analyze, and act on process-related information. Information services departments play a key role in this transition by, among other things, selecting software that optimally supports the PC-based work carried out by CQI teams. A review of typical CQI team software requirements and of available PC software suggests that Microsoft Excel 4.0 is a nearly ideal software platform to support CQI teams.

Management Information Systems↗

PubMed1996

Visions of the future: two success strategies for software selection.

The first and most crucial step in any system implementation is the specification and subsequent selection of the software. It is important to make the "right" choice--one where the software works with the hardware to integrate the users so it helps them do their jobs better now and into the future. This article will review the software selection process utilized by two companies to choose the software that was "right" for them. Insights and experiences will also be shared to assist others in their software selection activities.

Decision Making, Organizational↗

PubMed1983

Do you understand the role of software? It's the key to performance of laboratory computer systems.

Pathologists making decisions regarding computer applications in their laboratories need to understand all three aspects of computer technology: software, the user interface, and hardware. Of these, software may be the most important. This article identifies problems associated with software usage, taking into account contraints imposed by hardware and personnel, then suggests criteria for evaluating software. If pathologists are to derive maximum benefit from their investment in automated technology, they need to understand the intrinsic role of software in computer-based systems.

Computers↗

PubMed1999

Analyzing qualitative data with computer software.

OBJECTIVE: To provide health services researchers with an overview of the qualitative data analysis process and the role of software within it; to provide a principled approach to choosing among software packages to support qualitative data analysis; to alert researchers to the potential benefits and limitations of such software; and to provide an overview of the developments to be expected in the field in the near future. DATA SOURCES, STUDY DESIGN, METHODS: This article does not include reports of empirical research. CONCLUSIONS: Software for qualitative data analysis can benefit the researcher in terms of speed, consistency, rigor, and access to analytic methods not available by hand. Software, however, is not a replacement for methodological training.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗

PubMed2000

Computer software for process hazards analysis.

Computerized software tools are assuming major significance in conducting HAZOPs. This is because they have the potential to offer better online presentations and performance to HAZOP teams, as well as better documentation and downstream tracking. The chances of something being "missed" are greatly reduced. We know, only too well, that HAZOP sessions can be like the industrial equivalent of a trip to the dentist. Sessions can (and usually do) become arduous and painstaking. To make the process easier for all those involved, we need all the help computerized software can provide. In this paper I have outlined the challenges addressed in the production of Windows software for performing HAZOP and other forms of PHA. The object is to produce more "intelligent", more user-friendly software for performing HAZOP where technical interaction between team members is of key significance. HAZOP techniques, having already proven themselves, are extending into the field of computer control and human error. This makes further demands on HAZOP software and emphasizes its importance.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed2001

[Reporting echocardiography exams with the G8-Cardio ANMCO software].

BACKGROUND: The availability of a common computerized program for echocardiographic study archiving and reporting at national and/or international level could make it possible to standardize the echo reports of different echocardiographic laboratories, and to use the wealth of data thus obtainable with echocardiography, and to exploit its capillary territorial distribution, with the aim of collecting echocardiographic data in a standard format for epidemiological, scientific and administrative purposes. METHODS: To develop such a software, an ad hoc joint National Association of Hospital Cardiologists and Italian Society of Echocardiography task force worked in conjunction with the Italian Branch of Agilent Technologies to standardize the phraseology of accepted echocardiographic terms and of the quantitative parameters derived from transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic examination at rest as well as during exercise and pharmacological stress, and to develop an ad hoc software. This echocardiographic study archiving and reporting program is part of the whole G8-Cardio ANMCO software developed to computerize the whole cardiological chart. The software has been developed by Agilent Technologies to provide a fast, easy-access and easy to use report generator for the non-computer specialist using DBMS Oracle 7.3 database and Power Builder 5.0 to develop a user-friendly interface. RESULTS: The number of qualitative and quantitative variables contained in the program is 733 for echocardiography at rest, while it depends on the stressor and on the length of the examination for the stress echo (dipyridamole 214-384, dobutamine 236-406, exercise 198-392). The program was tested and refined in our laboratory between November 1999 and May 2000. During this time period, 291 resting and 56 stress echocardiographic studies were reported and recorded in a database. On average, each resting echocardiographic study lasting 10 +/- 4 (range 5-17) min was recorded using 50 +/- 11 (range 33-67) variables and 41,566 bytes of hard-disk memory space. Stress echocardiographic studies, each lasting 7 +/- 5 (range 5-21) min, were recorded using 143 +/- 74 (range 38-194) variables and 38,531 bytes of hard-disk memory space. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this software represents the first experience of a common computerized program for echo archiving and reporting carried out at national level.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗

PubMed2001

Accuracy of ventricular volume and ejection fraction measured by gated myocardial SPECT: comparison of 4 software programs.

UNLABELLED: Gated myocardial perfusion SPECT has been used to calculate ejection fraction (EF) and end-diastolic volume (EDV) and has correlated well with conventional methods. However, the comparative accuracy of and correlations across various types of gated SPECT software are not well understood. METHODS: Mathematic phantoms of cylindric-hemispheric hybrid models, ranging in volume from 34 to 266 mL, were generated. The clinical cases consisted of 30 patients who participated in a radionuclide angiography and gated blood-pool (GBP) study in addition to undergoing (99m)Tc-sestamibi gated SPECT. Four kinds of software, Quantitative Gated SPECT (QGS), the Emory Cardiac Toolbox (ECT), 4D-MSPECT, and Perfusion and Functional Analysis for Gated SPECT (pFAST) were used to compute EF and EDV, and the results were analyzed by multiple comparisons tests. Patients were classified into 4 groups (i.e., no defect, small defect, large defect, and small heart) so that factors affecting variation could be analyzed. RESULTS: In mathematic models > or = 74 mL, volume error was within +/-15%, whereas for a small volume (34 mL), QGS and 4D-MSPECT underestimated the volume and pFAST overestimated it. The respective intra- and interobserver reproducibility of the results was good for QGS (r = 0.99 and 1.00), ECT (r = 0.98 and 0.98), and 4D-MSPECT (r = 0.98 and 0.98) and fair for pFAST (r = 0.88 and 0.85). The correlation coefficient for EF between gated SPECT and the GBP study was 0.82, 0.78, 0.69, and 0.84 for QGS, ECT, 4D-MSPECT, and pFAST, respectively. The correlation coefficient for EDV between gated SPECT and the GBP study was 0.88, 0.89, 0.85, and 0.90, respectively. Although good correlation was observed among the 4 software packages, QGS, ECT, and 4D-MSPECT overestimated EF in patients with small hearts, and pFAST overestimated the true volume in patients with large perfusion defects. Correlation coefficients among the 4 kinds of software were 0.80-0.95 for EF and 0.89-0.98 for EDV. CONCLUSION: All 4 software programs showed good correlation between EF or EDV and the GBP study. Good correlation was observed also between each pair of quantification methods. However, because each method has unique characteristics that depend on its specific algorithm and thus behaves differently in the various patient subgroups, the methods should not be used interchangeably.

Coronary Circulation↗

PubMed2003

[Clinical application of a software for the analysis of arterial blood gases graph in 231 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical significance of a computer software for the analysis of arterial blood gases graph (ABGG) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). METHODS: The software was developed with Win98 as the operating platform and the visual software Delphi 5.0 from Borland Company, and it was used for evaluation of the changes in arterial blood gases (ABG) of 231 COPD cases. RESULTS: (1) With the software it took only (4.7+/-0.5)s to draw and analyze an ABGG of COPD patients during oxygen inhalation; the time was much shorter than manual analysis (90.2+/-4.9)s, P<0.001. (2) During acute attack, the distributions of the arterial blood gases parameters on ABGG were as follows: 55.4% of cases in the area of insufficient ventilation and deranged gas exchange (area 5), 22.9% of cases in the area of compensated ventilation and deranged gas exchange (area 4), 21.6% of cases in the area of excessive ventilation and deranged gas exchange (area 6). (3) When the COPD patient's condition improved, the location of ABG in ABGG shifted from area 5 to area 4 or area 6. The distributions of the arterial blood gases parameters on ABGG of 106 cases on admission were significantly different from those at the time of discharge. (4) With deterioration of patient's condition, it shifted to area 5. Before death, the arterial blood gases parameters were exclusively in the area 5. CONCLUSION: The computer software for ABGG shortened the time to draw and evaluate ABG during oxygen inhalation, and it could reflect the changes in patient's condition promptly.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

[Validity and reliability of the Demirjian distinguish software on estimating dental age].

OBJECTIVE: To study the validity and reliability of the Demirjian distinguish software on dental age estimation. METHOD: The dental age of 60 children were estimated with both the software three times and manual measures. RESULTS: The correlation coefficients of dental age estimated by the software and by manual measure was 0.974 (female) (P > 0.1) and 0.970 (male) (P > 0.05); the coefficients of interclass correlation of each dental age estimated by the software was 0.977 (female) (P > 0.1) and 0.977 (male) (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Demirjian distinguish software has high validity and reliability in estimating dental age.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

[Design of software for fluorescence microscopy system to measure cytosolic free calcium in living cell].

OBJECTIVE: To design software based on the double-wavelength fluorescence microscopy to measure cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in living cell. METHOD: Through analyzing the work principles of monochromator, the function relation between output wavelength and voltage was obtained. Based on the analysis results as the arithmetic of the software, the application was developed in the integration development environment of VC ++ 6.0, by using the framework of Microsoft Foundation Class Library (MFC) and multithread technology. RESULT: The authors has realized the software and constructed a fluorescence microscopy system using the software, PC, monochromator, fluorescence microscope, MPT and data acquisition to measure the [Ca2+]i in single living beta cell. CONCLUSION: Using this software, the [Ca2+]i in living cell can be detected. It has been proved to be an effective tool for the research in cellular biophysics.

Biophysical Phenomena↗

PubMed2006

Introduction of a new orthodontic treatment planning software; a fuzzy logic expert system.

General practitioners can learn the mechanical aspects of orthodontics quickly. But they are not usually sure about the treament plans they propose. In this article, new software is described that proposes treatment plans fornon-surgical orthodontic cases. This computer program can receive patients' data in both graphical and numerical forms. The concepts of fuzzy logic have been used to enable the software to work with nominal parameters. This feature greatly simplifies the use of the software because it does not force the user to measure several numerical variables. Each patients' data is saved by this software and the saved data can be modified or deleted later. The computer program is prepared to deal with special cases such as incomplete dentitions appropriately. The software is supposed to reduce the number of inappropriate extractions and erroneous treatment plans for orthodontic purposes.

Adult↗