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PubMed1993

Countering advanced HIS marketing tactics.

An explosion of technological advances and system developments in the information systems industry pushes the envelope in both hardware and software design. Equipment breakthroughs--reduced instruction set computing chips, or RISC, and DEC's 64-bit Alpha chip--herald an exciting new era in price-performance computing. And object-oriented programming systems, or OOPS, and computer-assisted software engineering, or CASE tools, both promise a golden age in programming productivity. At the same time however, marketing mavens at healthcare information system, or HIS, vendors keep pace with their cohorts in Research and Development by blazing new trails in the science of sales and marketing. To help healthcare executives keep pace with new developments in selling, let's review a few infamous breakthroughs in marketing. They put a new twist on the old saw: "caveat emptor." Following each marketing "advance" are counters to new marketing tricks, each recommended to keep savvy CIOs a step ahead.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1980

The design of a program for the collection of 3-dimensional ultrasonic data.

This paper describes the programming mechanisms used in a program which controls the transfer of data from an ultrasonic system through a minicomputer onto a single platter disc cartridge. The system enables the collection and digitization of B scans from parallel planes. The main software design constraints in such a system are identified and discussed in general terms. The rudiments of interrupt programming necessary for such an application are described in the context of the program; and simple optimisation techniques for the bulk transfer of data onto a single platter cartridge are given. Although the particular computer used in the author's program was a Data General Nova and the language used, the corresponding assembly code, the description of the techniques used are sufficiently general to allow the methodology to be imposed upon any assembly code.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1990

A new comprehensive microcomputer software programme for the urodynamics clinic.

Urodynamic investigation has undoubtedly been greatly refined and facilitated with the use of the modern generation of microcomputers. Manual techniques of data storage, analysis and interpretation are tedious, time consuming and lead to significant observer-dependent transcription errors. The logical solution to this problem is to develop a specifically designed software programme which would operate in conjunction with the microcomputer system integrated in most modern urodynamic apparatus. We describe here our experiences with the development of just such a system.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2001

Design of a PC-based multimedia telemedicine system for brain function teleconsultation.

During time-critical brain surgery, the detection of developing cerebral ischemia is particularly important because early therapeutic intervention may reduce the mortality of the patient. The purpose of this system is to provide an efficient means of remote teleconsultation for the early detection of ischemia, particularly when subspecialists are unavailable. The hardware and software design architecture for the multimedia brain function teleconsultation system including the dedicated brain function monitoring system is described. In order to comprehensively support remote teleconsultation, multi-media resources needed for ischemia interpretation were included: EEG signals, CSA, CD-CSA, radiological images, surgical microscope video images and video conferencing. PC-based system integration with standard interfaces and the operability over the Ethernet meet the cost-effectiveness while the modular software was customized with a diverse range of data manipulations and control functions necessary for shared workspace and standard interfaces.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed2005

A variability study of computerized sagittal spinopelvic radiologic measurements of trunk balance.

OBJECTIVE: The accurate measurement of spinal and pelvic alignment in the sagittal plane is of prime importance for various disorders. Pelvic incidence (PI) is a fundamental anatomic parameter that is specific and constant for each adult individual and is related to pelvic orientation as well as to the size of lumbar lordosis (LL). It is the summation of the sacral slope (SS) and pelvic tilt (PT), two position-dependent variables that determine pelvic orientation in the sagittal plane. The authors have proposed a computer software designed to measure PI, SS, PT, LL, and thoracic kyphosis (TK) on standardized standing lateral digitized x-rays of the spine and pelvis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inter- and intraobserver variability of measurements using this software, to determine if it can be used reliably in a clinical environment. METHODS: The standing lateral x-rays of 30 subjects were randomly selected from the database of two medical institutions. The normal population had standard radiographs on which the various pertinent landmarks were marked by one operator prior to digitization, whereas the scoliotic population had digital radiographs that obviated the need for prior marking of landmarks. Four individuals measured all variables on the 30 x-rays on two occasions, with a 15-day interval between the two sessions. Statistical analysis was done with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). RESULTS: The ICC measured within observers was between 0.93 and 0.99, whereas the ICC between observers varied between 0.92 and 0.99. The variations observed were similar for normal and scoliotic subjects, and prior marking of the x-rays had no significant influence. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the variability of measurements with this method is lower than with similar radiologic measures done manually and that the use of this software can be recommended for future clinical and research studies of spinopelvic sagittal balance.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Implementing a stand-alone packaged pharmacy computer system in a 580-bed hospital.

The problems experienced by a hospital pharmacy department in implementing a stand-alone packaged computer system are discussed, and recommendations for avoiding and managing these problems are presented. In 1984, a stand-alone packaged computer system was implemented in a 580-bed, tertiary-care institution that provides services from a central pharmacy and five satellite pharmacies. The department developed a request for proposal and contracted with a vender for a system that would support unit dose drug distribution and i.v. admixture services. During the implementation process, the following problems were experienced: The hardware was insufficient for the department's workload, the software design was limited, and personnel were frustrated with learning to use the system. These problems were intensified by the heavy workload and the large number of users. In the 18 months since implementation, the department has purchased more hardware, improved the software applications, and resolved many of the problems associated with employee frustration. Pharmacy departments at other large institutions might avoid some of these problems by training personnel adequately before implementation and by researching and estimating hardware and software needs in advance. In this large hospital, the efficiency of a stand-alone packaged pharmacy computer system has improved 18 months after implementation.

Computers↗
PubMed1993

Philosophies for the design and development of clinical decision-support systems.

Little significance is attached by medical informatics workers to the many practical issues which affect the development of clinical decision-support systems. We examine the current state of research in clinical decision-support, the characteristics and motivations of developers, and the perceptions of intended end-users. Factors which adversely affect the success of systems are highlighted and pointers to good practice discussed. We then propose a coherent approach to system development, consisting of requirements analysis, software design, implementation, testing, evaluation and maintenance.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1994

BIOESTIM: software for automatic design of estimators in bioprocess engineering.

This paper describes BIOESTIM, a software package devoted to on-line estimation in bioprocess engineering. BIOESTIM enables bioengineers automatically to design state and parameter estimators from a minimal knowledge of the process kinetics. Such estimators allow development of software sensors capable of coping with the lack of reliable instrumentation suited to real-time monitoring. The estimator building procedure through BIOESTIM starts up from a dynamical material balance model of the bioprocess. This model, supplied by the user, is next completed by other information with no requirement for numerical values: the user has only to specify available measurements, coupled reactions and the known yield coefficients. On the base of this knowledge, BIOESTIM proceeds to symbolic algebraic manipulations on the model in order to study estimation possibilities and check identifiability of yield coefficients. When the design of an estimator is possible, the corresponding equations are automatically generated. Moreover, these estimators are stored in a user-specified file which is automatically interfaced with a specialized simulation software including data treatment and numerical integration packages. Thus, the user can simulate the estimator performances under various operational conditions using available experimental measurements. A typical example dealing with microbial growth and biosynthesis reactions is given in order to illustrate the main functional capabilities of BIOESTIM. BIOESTIM has been designed and written in a modular fashion. The module dealing with estimators design makes use of symbolic computation; it is written in Mathematica and runs on every computer on which this language is available.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

PACS for radiology conferences--improvement of application software.

The introduction of PACS in a radiology department means that most functions that are available in the film-based system must be included. One important function is the radiology conference. The handling and application programs of digital workstations are normally not developed for demonstrations of many images in a limited time. This paper describes a workstation with specially designed software for radiology conferences. The application is separated in preparation and presentation of the cases to be demonstrated. Very fast image handling is achieved during the conference because the function is based on the principle of prefetching of the selected images. The images are presented on a large screen with high resolution. The experiences of digital radiology conferences are good. However, reference films from previous examinations create extra work because they have to be shown on the conventional lightbox.

Computer Terminals↗
PubMed2000

A newly developed spinal simulator.

A number of studies indicate poor intra-therapist and inter-therapist reliability in the performance of graded, passive oscillatory movements to the lumbar spine. However, it has been suggested that therapists can be trained to be more consistent in their performance of these techniques if given reliable quantitative feedback. The intention of this study was to develop equipment, analogous to the lumbar spine that could be used for both teaching and research purposes. Equipment has been updated and connected to a personal IBM compatible computer. Custom designed software allows concurrent and accurate feedback to students on their performance and in a form suitable for advanced data analysis using statistical packages. The uses and implications of this equipment are discussed.

Calibration↗
PubMed1998

Nutrient requirements for dairy cattle of the National Research Council versus some commonly used ration software.

The first edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle was published by the National Research Council (NRC) in 1945. The current document is the sixth revised edition, published in 1989, and it appears that we are a few years from another edition being in print. Software designed to evaluate and formulate rations for dairy cattle commonly determine nutrient requirements using the NRC as a standard. However, the generation of new knowledge in dairy nutrition occurs more rapidly than the release of the NRC publication, and the developers of the software often modify the requirements based on more recently published research, geographical peculiarities, or factors not explicitly considered by NRC. The first step in evaluating or formulating rations is the prediction of dry matter intake (DMI). The primary variables used by NRC to predict DMI are body weight (BW) and fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield; however, developers of software programs often use different equations based on personal preference, availability of research data with given equations, and incorporation of other factors in addition to BW and FCM yield. The additional factors are included to provide a more dynamic estimation of DMI and, therefore, reduce the difference between predicted and actual DMI. Nutrients required for maintenance, lactation, and growth must be consumed in adequate quantities (e.g., kilograms or calories), but the dietary concentration of nutrients for a given animal group may differ because of DMI. Even when nutrients are fed above the requirements, dietary concentrations of nutrients may be important in some situations to minimize the risk of underfeeding caused by variability in the nutrient composition of feedstuffs and to account for interactions of certain nutrients (e.g., minerals). New research discoveries need to be incorporated into ration formulation strategies promptly, and the strategies used for ration formulation need to be dynamic.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2000

Immunization entry at the point of service improves quality, saves time, and is well-accepted.

OBJECTIVE: Computer-based immunization tracking is a routine part of many pediatric practices; however, data quality is inconsistent and entry often relies on dedicated data entry personnel and is time-consuming, expensive, or difficult. The purpose of this study was to evaluate data quality, nursing satisfaction, and reduction in documentation burden after the introduction of a point-of-service immunization entry system in an inner-city pediatric primary care center. DESIGN: Prospective preintervention and postintervention study. METHODS: Visit records from all pediatric nonurgent care visits for patients <5 years old were collected during a 2-week period before (preintervention) and after (postintervention) the introduction of a computer-based immunization entry system. Nurses used software designed to allow rapid entry during immunization preparation followed by printing 2 adhesive labels for documentation. Satisfaction was evaluated using an 8-question survey administered 3 months after the intervention. RESULTS: One hundred forty-seven (63.6%) of 231 preintervention and 132 (51.4%) of 257 postintervention children received at least 1 immunization (immunized) during the study visit. Gender and mean age were similar for immunized children in the 2 groups. In the preintervention group, 56 (37.9%) of 147 immunized children had at least 1 dose missing (a total of 128 of 343 doses administered) from the immunization tracking database compared with none in the postintervention group. Medical record review showed that 92.6% of preintervention and 91.4% of postintervention children were on-schedule after the study visit. However, missing data lead to the misclassification of preintervention children-only 68.4% were reported by the database to be on-schedule. All 9 nurses reported using the program all the time to enter immunizations, 89% said that the program required somewhat or a lot less time, and 100% strongly recommended continued use of the program. All 9 nurses also reported that they would be somewhat or very unenthusiastic about the system if labels were not available. During the 12 months after introduction of the system, 8273 forms containing immunization information were printed, preventing nurses from having to write >101,000 dates. CONCLUSIONS: Immunization entry by nurses at the time of immunization preparation improves the quality of tracking data, reduces misclassification of immunization needs, saves time, and can be well-accepted. It is likely that poor data quality in some tracking systems has led to falsely low immunization coverage estimates. Systems such as the one in this study can improve quality and should be integrated into routine clinical practice.

Boston↗
PubMed2001

Enzyme-like proteins by computational design.

We report the development and initial experimental validation of a computational design procedure aimed at generating enzyme-like protein catalysts called "protozymes." Our design approach utilizes a "compute and build" strategy that is based on the physical/chemical principles governing protein stability and catalytic mechanism. By using the catalytically inert 108-residue Escherichia coli thioredoxin as a scaffold, the histidine-mediated nucleophilic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate as a model reaction, and the ORBIT protein design software to compute sequences, an active site scan identified two promising catalytic positions and surrounding active-site mutations required for substrate binding. Experimentally, both candidate protozymes demonstrated catalytic activity significantly above background. One of the proteins, PZD2, displayed "burst" phase kinetics at high substrate concentrations, consistent with the formation of a stable enzyme intermediate. The kinetic parameters of PZD2 are comparable to early catalytic Abs. But, unlike catalytic Ab design, our design procedure is independent of fold, suggesting a possible mechanism for examining the relationships between protein fold and the evolvability of protein function.

Catalytic Domain↗
PubMed2003

Automatic design of gene-specific sequence tags for genome-wide functional studies.

MOTIVATION: The availability of complete genome sequences allows the identification of short DNA segments that are specific to each annotated gene. Such unique gene sequence tags (GSTs) replace advantageously cDNAs in microarray transcript profiling experiments. In particular, probes corresponding to individual members of multigene families can be chosen carefully to avoid cross-hybridization events. RESULTS: The Specific Primer and Amplicon Design Software (SPADS) was constructed to delineate the more divergent regions in each gene by comparing them with a completely annotated genome sequence and to select optimal primer pairs for the polymerase chain reaction amplification of one divergent region per gene. SPADS is a unique integrated tool to design specific GSTs from any public or private genome sequences and allows the user to fine-tune GST size and specificity. SPADS has been used to obtain probes for whole genome and family-wide transcript profiling, as well as inserts for gene-specific knock-out experiments. AVAILABILITY: The GENOPLANTE SPADS source code and web interface are available upon request. The online version is accessible via http://genoplante-info.infobiogen.fr/spads and via http://oberon.fvms.ugent.be:8080/SPADS/

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Filtering of ineffective siRNAs and improved siRNA design tool.

MOTIVATION: Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used to suppress gene expression and possess many potential applications in therapy, but how to design an effective siRNA is still not clear. Based on the MPI (Max-Planck-Institute) basic principles, a number of siRNA design tools have been developed recently. The set of candidates reported by these tools is usually large and often contains ineffective siRNAs. In view of this, we initiate the study of filtering ineffective siRNAs. RESULTS: The contribution of this paper is 2-fold. First, we propose a fair scheme to compare existing design tools based on real data in the literature. Second, we attempt to improve the MPI principles and existing tools by an algorithm that can filter ineffective siRNAs. The algorithm is based on some new observations on the secondary structure, which we have verified by AI techniques (decision trees and support vector machines). We have tested our algorithm together with the MPI principles and the existing tools. The results show that our filtering algorithm is effective. AVAILABILITY: The siRNA design software tool can be found in the website http://www.cs.hku.hk/~sirna/ CONTACT: smyiu@cs.hku.hk

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conducting web-based survey research: a lesson in internet designs.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the tacit knowledge resulting from designing a complex Web site to facilitate administration of an Internet-based survey. METHODS: Formative methods guided studying the feasibility of conducting an online survey using versions of the Keirsey Temperament Sorter II and the National College Health Risk Behavior Survey. RESULTS: Web-site design software and pilot testing were critical to success. Incorporating the target audience as consumers in both Web site development and formative evaluation simplified data collection and analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Online instrumentation used in survey research is both practical and desirable. Future refinements are necessary, but improved designs can emanate from this particular effort.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Computer systems for dental practice management. A new generation of independent dental software.

A new generation of computer programs for dental patient management eliminates total dependence on the vendor for programming support. The software design enables information collected with the dental system to be transferred to popular off-the-shelf programs designed for business. A simplified example is used to illustrate for practitioners the advantages of this type of data structure management. Programs designed on this basis offer optimum performance and expandibility for both present and future needs.

Computer Systems↗