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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Comparison of different speech coding strategies using a disability-based inventory and speech perception tests in quiet and in noise.

OBJECTIVE: Intraindividual comparison of two cochlear implant speech coding strategies implemented in the Nucleus 24M system (SPEAK versus ACE). Reasons for subjective preference were evaluated using a combination of speech perception scores and a disability-based inventory. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-over study with two groups of cochlear implant subjects, assigned to first receive ACE or SPEAK strategy. SETTING: Cochlear implant program. SUBJECTS: Twelve postlingually deaf adults using a Nucleus 24M cochlear implant system. INTERVENTION: Subjects consecutively used the two different speech coding strategies and completed speech perception tests in quiet and in noise and a disability-based inventory (Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Individual differences between the two different speech coding strategies and the relation with subjective strategy preference. RESULTS: The ACE strategy produced somewhat better speech recognition scores in quiet and in noise, although the difference in the scores in noise did not reach the 95% level of significance. The first coding strategy chosen did not affect the results or subjective preference. Preference according to the APHAB results were not a priori in conformity with the speech recognition scores. CONCLUSION: Most subjects preferred the ACE strategy. Subjective preference was in agreement with the APHAB results in three subjects, in agreement with speech recognition in two subjects, and in agreement with both in seven subjects. The present results support the use of both speech recognition tests and questionnaires to evaluate different speech coding strategies.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Modiolar coiling, electrical thresholds, and speech perception after cochlear implantation using the nucleus contour advance electrode with the advance off stylet technique.

OBJECTIVE: Perimodiolar electrode arrays were developed in an attempt to improve stimulation of specific neural populations and to decrease electrical thresholds, thereby decreasing power consumption. Postoperative radiographs show that coiling of the arrays is variable. Our previous study explored the relationship between the angle of coiling, threshold levels, and functional outcomes using the Nucleus Contour electrode array. This study compares coiling angle, electrical threshold levels, and speech perception measures with the Nucleus Contour Advance electrode array implanted using the new advance off stylet technique versus the Nucleus Contour electrode array implanted using the standard technique. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: University medical center. PATIENTS: Forty-two adults and children with normal cochlear anatomy implanted with the Nucleus CI24RCA electrode using the advance off stylet technique with at least 1-year follow-up. INTERVENTION: Therapeutic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Computer-aided radiographic analysis of perimodiolar electrode placement, electrical threshold measurements, and speech perception outcome measures at 1 year postimplantation. RESULTS: The degree of modiolar coiling was tighter using the new electrode and technique in comparison with standard insertion technique using the Nucleus Contour electrode array. The tighter coiling tended to result in higher electrical thresholds. Lower speech perception outcome measures tended to correlate with a higher degree of coiling. CONCLUSION: The Nucleus Contour Advance electrode array combined with the advance off stylet technique resulted in a more consistent perimodiolar position. However, the tighter coiling resulted in statistically significant increased electrical thresholds and decreased speech perception outcomes. This finding may be secondary to multiple factors, not just coiling angle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Spatial frequency requirements for audiovisual speech perception.

Spatial frequency band-pass and low-pass filtered images of a talker were used in an audiovisual speech-in-noise task. Three experiments tested subjects' use of information contained in the different filter bands with center frequencies ranging from 2.7 to 44.1 cycles/face (c/face). Experiment 1 demonstrated that information from a broad range of spatial frequencies enhanced auditory intelligibility. The frequency bands differed in the degree of enhancement, with a peak being observed in a mid-range band (11-c/face center frequency). Experiment 2 showed that this pattern was not influenced by viewing distance and, thus, that the results are best interpreted in object spatial frequency, rather than in retinal coordinates. Experiment 3 showed that low-pass filtered images could produce a performance equivalent to that produced by unfiltered images. These experiments are consistent with the hypothesis that high spatial resolution information is not necessary for audiovisual speech perception and that a limited range of spatial frequency spectrum is sufficient.

Face↗
PubMed2004

Audio-visual speech perception is special.

In face-to-face conversation speech is perceived by ear and eye. We studied the prerequisites of audio-visual speech perception by using perceptually ambiguous sine wave replicas of natural speech as auditory stimuli. When the subjects were not aware that the auditory stimuli were speech, they showed only negligible integration of auditory and visual stimuli. When the same subjects learned to perceive the same auditory stimuli as speech, they integrated the auditory and visual stimuli in a similar manner as natural speech. These results demonstrate the existence of a multisensory speech-specific mode of perception.

Association Learning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Situational cues in visual speech perception by geriatric subjects.

Situational cues have been known to enhance visual speech perception. In the present study the influence of relevant and nonrelevant visual and auditory background information on visual perception of everyday sentences was measured in geriatric subjects using videotaped material. Results indicated that visual speech perception with relevant situational cues was significantly different from performance when nonrelevant cues were provided and when situational cues were absent. Individual subject deviations in performance were noted and their therapeutic implications were presented.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1985

Relation between frequency selectivity and speech perception following glycerol-induced cochlear changes.

Changes in auditory threshold, psychophysical tuning curves, and speech perception (in both quiet and noise) were monitored over a 3-hr period following the ingestion of glycerol. All listeners had sensorineural hearing loss secondary to Menière's disease. Findings were characterized by large intersubject variability and in general did not show a clear relation between changes in threshold, frequency resolution, and speech perception.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of speech perception skills in young and old listeners.

A companion paper (Yanz. 1984, Ear Hear. 5, 64-71) has described an approach to the quantification of speech perception using measures derived from the theory of signal detection (TSD). The present experiment uses this approach to compare speech perception in young and old listeners in terms of the traditional word recognition score (%C), the ability to assess the accuracy of one's own identifications [P(A)], and the decision criterion used in that assessment (B). Monosyllables were presented in a background of broadband noise at two signal-to-noise ratios (S/N), 0 dB and 5 dB. Subjects recorded their identification of each test item and then rated their confidence in that identification on a six-point scale. Results indicated that in this particular task, neither %C nor B differed between the two age groups, but both quantities varied with S/N. P(A) was the same for the two groups at S/N = 0 dB but differed at S/N = 5 dB. The young group showed significant improvement in P(A) from the 0-dB to the 5-dB S/N condition, while old subjects showed no change. These results suggest that young subjects are more able than older subjects to adapt to and take advantage of an improvement in the acoustic environment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Speech perception in nucleus CI24M cochlear implant users with processor settings based on electrically evoked compound action potential thresholds.

Adjusting the speech processor of a cochlear implant, per electrode, to the individual's response is a laborious task that may interfere with a user-friendly start of implant-mediated hearing, particularly in children. This research concerns the possibility of processor adjustment based on a profile derived from measurements of the electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) thresholds across the electrode array, followed by adjustment of the overall level of the profile to the hearing threshold and maximum comfortable loudness level using live voice. The results for CVC word lists show that speech perception is quite insensitive to the threshold setting of the speech processor. On average, the speech score does not decrease by more than 10% when, with the new method, the threshold setting comes out so much lower that the dynamic range has doubled. In contrast, the speech score appears to be sensitive to an increase of the maximum high-frequency stimulation settings for the basal electrodes, resulting in lower scores at these higher settings. The correlation between the overall ECAP thresholds and conventionally measured subjective thresholds is weak (r = 0.64). However, the correlation between the slopes of these threshold curves is satisfactory (r = 0.82). The correlation between the ECAP thresholds and the maximum stimulation levels is poor, both with respect to overall level and slope (r = 0.39 and 0.36, respectively). Applicability of the ECAP threshold in processor adjustment could not be demonstrated in this study. Prediction of the most critical factor in speech perception, the slope of the maximum stimulation curve, from the ECAP thresholds is poor. However, considering habituation to the initial processor setting of at least 6 months, the small decrease in the CVC scores with the new setting suggests that a more user-friendly adjustment procedure can be developed.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2005

Listening to talking faces: motor cortical activation during speech perception.

Neurophysiological research suggests that understanding the actions of others harnesses neural circuits that would be used to produce those actions directly. We used fMRI to examine brain areas active during language comprehension in which the speaker was seen and heard while talking (audiovisual) or heard but not seen (audio-alone) or when the speaker was seen talking with the audio track removed (video-alone). We found that audiovisual speech perception activated a network of brain regions that included cortical motor areas involved in planning and executing speech production and areas subserving proprioception related to speech production. These regions included the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus and sulcus, the pars opercularis, premotor cortex, adjacent primary motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, and the cerebellum. Activity in premotor cortex and posterior superior temporal gyrus and sulcus was modulated by the amount of visually distinguishable phonemes in the stories. None of these regions was activated to the same extent in the audio- or video-alone conditions. These results suggest that integrating observed facial movements into the speech perception process involves a network of multimodal brain regions associated with speech production and that these areas contribute less to speech perception when only auditory signals are present. This distributed network could participate in recognition processing by interpreting visual information about mouth movements as phonetic information based on motor commands that could have generated those movements.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Overt and covert aspects of adult speech perception.

The relationship between verbal report and cardiac orienting response measures of speech discrimination in adult listeners was examined in two experiments using stimuli and paradigms previously employed in studies of infant speech perception. The results of Experiment I revealed that all listeners, those who reported discrimination of a synthetic [ba-ga] change (Group D) as well as those who did not (Group ND), demonstrated cardiac discrimination of the stimulus shift. However, this pattern of cardiac activity, both at stimulus onset and the shift, was found to be different in these two groups of listeners. Experiment II replicated the Group D results using a slightly different cardiac paradigm and quasinatural speech syllables. The implications of these findings for developmental research on speech perception with older infants, children, and populations with language disorders are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The mechanism of speech perception using multichannel cochlear implant].

The mechanism of speech perception in patients with Australian multi-channel cochlear implant was investigated. 1) Vowel recognition abilities of patients were sufficient with this implant, whereas, consonant recognition abilities were insufficient. 2) Although the cochlear hair cells were functionally damaged, cochlear nerves had the ability to characterize frequency. 3) The signals from the implanted material were very simple compared to those from normal cochlea, however these patients could understand speech well, perhaps due to aid from the central nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Assessment of speech perception capacity in profoundly deaf children.

This paper describes an approach to speech perception testing that involves assessment of the probability of perception of phonologically significant speech pattern contrasts presented in a varying phonetic context. Such an approach provides analytic detail about a subject's access to sensory data, with minimal influence from linguistic context. Nevertheless, the results are predictive of performance at the level of conversation. For use with young children, the approach has been incorporated into a three-interval oddity test and an imitative test. Additional options under investigation include a video-game, psychoacoustic testing, and electrophysiologic testing.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Speech perception benefits from sound field FM amplification.

The effects of sound field FM amplification (SFA) on speech perception performance were investigated in this 2-year study. Kindergarten children with normal hearing were randomly assigned to a treatment group, which comprised 7 classrooms that had SFA systems installed in them, and to a control group, which comprised another 7 classrooms that did not have any amplification available. The children were followed from the beginning of kindergarten through the end of first grade. Improvements in speech perception performance were measured for both groups, with the treatment group demonstrating progress much sooner than the control group. However, this difference was not apparent by the end of the study. The only significant difference measured between the treatment and control groups was that the treatment group performed significantly better than the control group when the stimuli were presented with SFA for the treatment group and without SFA for the control group. The teachers who used SFA enjoyed using amplification in their classrooms and felt that their students enjoyed using it as well.

Acoustics↗
PubMed2000

Speech perception without hearing.

In this study of visual phonetic speech perception without accompanying auditory speech stimuli, adults with normal hearing (NH; n = 96) and with severely to profoundly impaired hearing (IH; n = 72) identified consonant-vowel (CV) nonsense syllables and words in isolation and in sentences. The measures of phonetic perception were the proportion of phonemes correct and the proportion of transmitted feature information for CVs, the proportion of phonemes correct for words, and the proportion of phonemes correct and the amount of phoneme substitution entropy for sentences. The results demonstrated greater sensitivity to phonetic information in the IH group. Transmitted feature information was related to isolated word scores for the IH group, but not for the NH group. Phoneme errors in sentences were more systematic in the IH than in the NH group. Individual differences in phonetic perception for CVs were more highly associated with word and sentence performance for the IH than for the NH group. The results suggest that the necessity to perceive speech without hearing can be associated with enhanced visual phonetic perception in some individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

NRT-based versus behavioral-based MAP: a comparison of parameters and speech perception in young children.

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of neural response telemetry (NRT)-based cochlear implant (CI) programming versus behavioral-based programming on electrical stimulation parameters (MAP) threshold (T) and comfortable (C) levels and speech perception abilities in young children, during the first year of implant use. Ten congenitally deaf children at the age of 12-39 months (mean age: 25.2 months) implanted with the Nucleus 24R(CS) CI participated in the study. The group was randomly divided into two: (1) NRT-based MAP group (n = 5) consisted of children who were programmed using intra-operative NRT measurements; (2) behavioral-based MAP group (n = 5) consisted of children who were programmed using the behavioral responses of the patients. MAP parameters as well as sound-field aided thresholds and speech perception abilities were compared between the two groups at consecutive programming sessions: 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post initial stimulation. Results indicated no significant differences among NRT-based MAPs and behavioral-based MAPs. Although MAP profiles at initial stimulation differed in the apical region, these differences decreased with time. In addition, a gradual increase of T and C levels of NRT-based MAPs as well as those of behavioral-based MAPs was evident until the 1-month time point, thereafter stabilization occurred. Sound-field aided thresholds improved with time for both groups; however, they were found to be significantly better for the NRT-based MAP group. Despite these differences, speech perception abilities were comparable among groups at 12 months post initial stimulation. NRT-based programming was found to be significantly shorter than behavioral-based programming. In conclusion, for this small group of children, our findings support the use of NRT for programming of young children during the initial period after implantation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1993

Vibrotactile support: initial effects on visual speech perception.

The study investigated the initial effects of the implementation of vibrotactile support on the individual's speech perception ability. Thirty-two subjects participated in the study; 16 with an acquired deafness and 16 with normal hearing. At a general level, the results indicated no immediate and direct improvement as a function of the implementation across all speech perception tests. However, when the subjects were divided into Skilled and Less Skilled groups, based on their performance in the visual condition of each test, it was found that the performance of the Skilled subjects deteriorated while that of the Less Skilled subjects improved when tactile information was provided in two conditions (word-discrimination and word-decoding conditions). It was concluded that tactile information interferes with Skilled subjects' automaticity of these functions. Furthermore, intercorrelations between discrimination and decoding tasks suggest that there are similarities between visually and tactilely supported speechreading in how they relate to sentence-based speechreading. Clinical implications of the results were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationships among rapid digit naming, phonological processing, motor automaticity, and speech perception in poor, average, and good readers and spellers.

In this article, we explore the relationship between rapid automatized naming (RAN) and other cognitive processes among below-average, average, and above-average readers and spellers. Nonsense word reading, phonological awareness, RAN, automaticity of balance, speech perception, and verbal short-term and working memory were measured. Factor analysis revealed a 3-component structure. The first component included phonological processing tasks, RAN, and motor balance. The second component included verbal short-term and working memory tasks. Speech perception loaded strongly as a third component, associated negatively with RAN. The phonological processing tests correlated most strongly with reading ability and uniquely discriminated average from below- and above-average readers in terms of word reading, reading comprehension, and spelling. On word reading, comprehension, and spelling, RAN discriminated only the below-average group from the average performers. Verbal memory, as assessed by word list recall, additionally discriminated the below-average group from the average group on spelling performance. Motor balance and speech perception did not discriminate average from above- or below-average performers. In regression analyses, phonological processing measures predicted word reading and comprehension, and both phonological processing and RAN predicted spelling.

Child↗