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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Spontaneous pneumopericardium, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema: unusual complications of asthma in a 2-year-old boy.

A 2-year-old boy presented to the emergency department with a history of sudden onset of cough, dyspnoea and a slight expiratory wheeze on the right lung base. He also had subcutaneous emphysema on the left side of the chest anteriorly. Chest x ray confirmed subcutaneous emphysema and also revealed pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium. He had had no previous episode and was not known to have asthma. He was apyrexial but had a raised white cell count. The eosinophil count was within normal limits. He was successfully treated with nebulised salbutamol, steroids, antibiotics and high flow oxygen. He made a good recovery and was discharged after 7 days. This case highlights the need for a high index of suspicion of asthma in very young children presenting for the first time with such complications.

Albuterol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, and pulmonary fibrosis in a patient with idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after bone marrow transplantation.

An adolescent female underwent bone marrow transplantation for relapsed leukemia and developed acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. Her lung disease responded to large doses of methylprednisolone but evolved to pulmonary fibrosis and pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in the convalescent period. Pulmonary function tests revealed a restrictive pattern. Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema are complications not only of obstructive but also of restrictive lung disease and vary with respect to time of onset.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Upper airway obstruction caused by massive subcutaneous emphysema.

Acute upper airway obstruction is a potentially life-threatening event. The most common causes include foreign body inhalation, thermal injury, inflammation, angioedema and trauma. Airway obstruction caused by submucosal extension of subcutaneous emphysema has only been previously reported once. We report the case of a patient who suffered a respiratory arrest as a result of hypopharyngeal and laryngeal swelling associated with massive subcutaneous emphysema.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed2003

Pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, and subcutaneous emphysema complicating sigmoidoscopy: report of a case.

An 80-year-old woman presented to our outpatient center with abdominal pain and blood-stained stools. She underwent a colonoscopy, which showed a 4-cm type II tumor in the rectum. About 2 h after the colonoscopy, mild facial edema and subcutaneous emphysema developed around her neck. A chest X-ray showed pneumopericardium, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema, and an abdominal X-ray demonstrated retroperitoneal air. An exploratory laparotomy was performed on the second day after the colonoscopy, which showed air in the subserosal space of the sigmoid colon. The air seemed to have leaked from a 2-cm inflamed diverticulum in the sigmoid colon. The mesosigmoid was also expanded by air. We discuss the anatomical mechanism of the various clinical presentations of extraluminal air following colonoscopy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Subcutaneous emphysema of the lower extremity of abdominal origin.

Three cases of subcutaneous emphysema of the lower extremity due to abdominal disease are reported. These were due to (a) perforation of the sigmoid, (b) perirectal abscess, and (c) non-traumatic metastatic gas gangrene due to emphysematous cholecystitis. The mechanisms and anatomical pathways are discussed.

Abscess↗
PubMed2002

Massive subcutaneous emphysema and hypercarbia: complications of carbon dioxide absorption during extraperitoneal and intraperitoneal laparoscopic surgery--case studies.

The laparoscopic approach to surgery is being used with greater frequency as our healthcare system continues to strive for shorter hospital stays and improved postoperative patient recovery times. However, laparoscopy is not without potential complications. This article presents 2 patient case studies. The cases differ in surgical technique. One patient's laparoscopic surgery involved an extraperitoneal approach. The second patient's surgery involved an intraperitoneal approach. Massive subcutaneous emphysema developed in both patients. The phenomenon of subcutaneous emphysema associated with laparoscopic surgery will be defined and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Subcutaneous emphysema and hypercarbia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

The recent development of laparoscopic cholecystectomy has introduced the technique of laparoscopy to the general surgical community. As increasing numbers of laparoscopic cholecystectomies are performed, increasing numbers of complications directly related to laparoscopy will result. A case of subcutaneous emphysema and hypercarbia without pneumothorax is reported in a patient undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Etiology, evaluation, and therapy for subcutaneous emphysema associated with laparoscopy are reviewed.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed2005

Massive subcutaneous emphysema following bronchoscopy-guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy.

Although percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) has become a safe procedure for airway management in critically ill patients, this operation can be associated with serious life-threatening complications. Massive subcutaneous emphysema is an unusual and sometimes lethal complication which may extend the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). We report 2 cases, including 1 fatality, of massive subcutaneous emphysema without tracheal wall laceration that occurred in the ICU after elective bronchoscopy-guided Ciaglia Blue Rhino (Cook Critical Care, Bloomington, IL, USA) PDT. Our analysis of these cases suggested that PDT-related barotraumas and imperfect positioning of the fenestrated tracheostomy tube could be the possible mechanisms for the observed complications. In case 1, we reduced the ventilator pressure and prescribed bronchodilator to decrease the airway pressure and keep the airway patent. In case 2, the suggested approach was to check if the fenestration of tracheostomy tube was extraluminal or change to non-fenestrating cannulas. For diminishing the impact of PDT on respiratory mechanics, especially in patients with underlying lung diseases, we recommend introducing the bronchoscope only when needed, instead of keeping the bronchoscope in the airway throughout the PDT procedure and using forceps to create a larger stoma if the dilation procedure is not smooth.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema complicating bronchiolitis obliterans after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation--case report and review of literature.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease occurring in the setting of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can affect many organ systems, is a cause of significant morbidity, and contributes to late deaths. Bronchiolitis obliterans is a form of obstructive airway disease; when seen in the post-BMT setting, it is considered a manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease. Air-leak syndromes including pneumothoraces, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema are rare complications of bronchiolitis obliterans. Here we describe a patient who developed pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax secondary to severe bronchiolitis obliterans complicating the post bone marrow transplantation course.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Subcutaneous emphysema of the hand caused by the suction drain -- a case report.

Subcutaneous emphysema of the hand can be related to non-infectious causes and most commonly high-pressure injection injuries. Surgical emphysema of the hand is rare. We report a case of surgical emphysema of the dorsum of the hand following the excision of a dorsal wrist ganglion when the inserted suction drain did not work properly, accompanied by the inadvertent compression of the patient's body. Conservative management was adequate; oedema and emphysema subsided in several days.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Chronic pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema: association with dermatomyositis.

We describe a 41-year-old patient with adult-onset dermatomyositis who developed persistent pneumomediastinum and severe subcutaneous emphysema due to end-stage interstitial lung disease. The diagnosis of dermatomyositis was based on proximal muscle weakness, electromyographic findings of inflammatory myopathy, and positive findings on muscle biopsy. Low levels of creatine kinase elevation were found at the time of diagnosis (a form of dermatomyositis which has been associated with a poor prognosis). The patient had no signs of cutaneous vasculitis. Despite treatment with prednisone and azathioprine, she died of intercurrent gram-negative sepsis 15 months after the diagnosis of dermatomyositis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The extraperitoneal approach and subcutaneous emphysema are associated with greater absorption of carbon dioxide during laparoscopic renal surgery.

PURPOSE: We investigated the association of carbon dioxide absorption with the approach (transperitoneal versus extraperitoneal) and other factors during laparoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Carbon dioxide elimination during laparoscopic renal surgery was retrospectively calculated in 63 patients. RESULTS: Carbon dioxide elimination increased with time. Multiple factorial analysis revealed that subcutaneous emphysema and the extraperitoneal approach were independently associated with a greater increase in carbon dioxide elimination. Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum were more common during extraperitoneal procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Carbon dioxide absorption during laparoscopic renal surgery increases with time, and is greatest in patients treated through an extraperitoneal approach and in those with subcutaneous emphysema. Nonetheless, with attentive ventilatory management adverse sequelae of hypercapnia can be avoided.

Absorption↗
PubMed1995

Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium associated with positive-pressure ventilation in a cat.

Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium with hypotension and tachycardia were observed after endotracheal intubation and during positive-pressure ventilation in a previously healthy cat anesthetized for ovariohysterectomy. Potential causes included tracheal tearing during intubation, a closed pop-off valve while using high oxygen flows, and preexisting acquired or congenital abnormalities in the respiratory tract. The cat responded well to conservative management, including cessation of positive-pressure ventilation and use of increased inspired oxygen concentration.

Animals↗