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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources

A modified technique for implantation of polypropylene mesh for the repair of external abdominal hernias in horses: a review of 21 cases.

During a 3-year period 21 horses were surgically treated because of large abdominal wall defects. In each case the defect was bridged with a polypropylene mesh, which was placed on the outside of the hernial ring. This was in contrast with the technique for mesh herniorrhaphy generally described in human and veterinary literature, in which the mesh is always implanted on the inside of the hernial ring. One horse was destroyed on the first postoperative day because of postanaesthetic myelomalacia. Surgical repair as described was successful in 18 patients. Recurrence of herniation occurred in two horses. On re-herniorrhaphy a second and larger mesh was successfully implanted.

Animals↗

Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions an unsolved enigma in veterinary dentistry.

This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature on feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORLs), including etiopathogenesis, prevalence and predisposition, classification, histopathologic appearance, diagnosis, and treatment. Approximately one-third of all domestic cats may develop FORLs during their life span, and the risk of developing FORLs increases with age. Sophisticated dental treatments promise neither cure nor permanent improvement of affected teeth. Extraction is the current treatment of choice. Research on the etiology of FORLs has not been rewarding in recent years, and the causative factors contributing to the development of FORLs are still unknown.

Animals↗

Waste anesthetic gas and vapor exposures in veterinary hospitals and clinics.

A survey of veterinary hospitals and clinics was conducted to determine the extent of usage of inhalation anesthetics and measure exposures of veterinarians and their assistants to waste anesthetic gases and vapors. A questionnaire survey indicated 80.8 percent of practices in the study area used inhalation of anesthetics, with a wide range noted between types of practices. Exposures to waste anesthetics were less in veterinary hospitals than reported in human hospitals. Mean methoxyflurane concentrations were 1.9 ppm and 1.7 ppm in breathing zones of small animal veterinarians and animal technicians, respectively. Waste methoxyflurane concentrations were significantly affected by size of patient, type of breathing system, and use of scavenging systems. Dilution ventilation had no significant effect on breathing zone concentrations of waste methoxyflurane.

Air↗

Preoperative patient planning and margin evaluation.

Preoperative assessment of the cancer patient can be broken down into: (1) What is it? (2) Where is it? and (3) What is the status of the patient? Evaluation of local disease begins with obtaining and interpreting cytologic or histologic (biopsy) samples. Tumor staging involves the assessment of tumor invasion into local tissues, draining lymph nodes, and distant sites, especially the pulmonary parenchyma. Staging is performed with the aid of imaging techniques and special procedures such as lymph node and bone marrow aspiration. Because many veterinary cancer patients are geriatric, examination of physiologic patient status through laboratory and other diagnostic avenues is vital to the appropriate selection and success of therapy. After these questions are answered, appropriate treatment options and an ultimate treatment plan can be formulated. This article describes logical and practical approaches for diagnosis, staging, patient assessment, and treatment planning of the animal presented with tumor disease. With appropriate preoperative assessment, we can offer our patients and clients the best care possible.

Animals↗

[Doping in animal rights law: the responsibility of the veterinary surgeon].

Unlike the situation in humans, it is illegal to administer doping drugs to animals. The Doping Commission of the European Council has defined the term doping. According to this definition, the therapeutic use of drugs is not doping. The treatment of pain is also therapeutic. However, governing bodies of sport can apply stricter regulations (doping lists). It is possible for veterinarians to infringe paragraph 3 (11) of the German animal welfare act if they act recklessly or without due care, and a prosecution may result. It is therefore obligatory for the veterinarian to advise of the possible consequences of administering a drug which has a doping effect, or is included on a doping list.

Animal Rights↗

A common-source outbreaks of ornithosis in veterinary surgeons.

Presumed or confirmed ornithosis developed in 15 of 46 veterinary surgeons within 3 weeks of their attending a training course on the supervision of poultry processing plants. A duck processing plant was the probable source of infection. The attack rate in those visiting this plant was 44% (15/34) and the rate in those who had close contact with duck feathers was 1.7 times the rate in the remainder of the group who visited the plant. The incubation period ranged from 6 to 20 days. This is the second outbreak of the duck-associated ornithosis to be recognised in the U.K.

Animals↗

Electrical safety for the veterinary surgeon.

In human medicine, protection of the patient has demanded stringent safety precautions that have not been applied in the veterinary field. There is a hazard to the operator from the increasing use of electrical equipment in veterinary medicine, often in an environment where conducting floors and other items can carry fault currents through a human or animal body. The source of these currents may be equipment that has developed faults due to disconnected earth leads and breakdown of insulation so that the case or leads from the equipment become live. Currents exceeding 10 mA passing through the body may cause death from ventricular fibrillation. Protection from accident may be provided by circuit breakers that sense fault currents and disconnect the power, and by taking precautions to correctly maintain electrical fittings.

Accident Prevention↗

Nitric oxide: a review for veterinary surgeons.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous gas that serves as a biologic messenger in many physiologic processes including neurotransmission, blood-pressure control, the immune system's ability to kill tumor cells, and wound healing. NO is produced after oxidation of L-arginine by a family of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. Two of the NOS enzymes are present continuously and are thereby termed constitutive NOS. One of the enzymes, inducible NOS, is not typically expressed in resting cells and is induced by various substances including endotoxin, some cytokines, and microbial products. Thus, NO often has paradoxical activities. When NO is over- or underproduced, it can result in potentiation of disease states with disastrous results. This review discusses the biochemistry of NO, its functions in normal and disease states, and therapy for modulating NO production in disease states.

Animal Diseases↗

The economics of surgical laser technology in veterinary practice.

A decision to invest in and develop laser technology should only be made after a thorough investigation and comparison of the available types, vendors, available features, and purchasing options. A sound marketing program must then be used for introducing laser technology to the staff, clients, and colleagues. Without adhering to such a program, a practice will [figure: see text] not experience the necessary profitability following the purchase of a laser. Staff enthusiasm and support will dwindle, and ultimately the laser investment will be viewed unfavorably. When marketed properly, however, the investment in a surgical laser will provide outstanding profitability. The return on investment can be provided by using the support staff for client education, by offering laser technology for routine elective procedures and complex procedures, and by adhering strictly to a fee schedule. Add that to the truly remarkable results obtained using laser surgical techniques, a practice will be greatly enhanced.

Animals↗

Support needs of veterinary surgeons during the first few years of practice: perceptions of recent graduates and senior partners.

Postal surveys or personal interviews of 76 recent veterinary graduates and their 49 employers were undertaken to establish their perceptions of good practice when integrating a new graduate into a business and their preferred methods of assessment and development. Practice type and location were the main influences on graduates looking for their first job. Interviews were mostly informal. Employers expected basic veterinary competence and candidates expected good quality support. Most graduates (93 per cent) had their own consultations on the first day. During early consultations 2 per cent of senior vets accompanied the new graduate, 95 per cent of practices provided senior back-up either in person or by telephone but in 3 per cent no back-up was available. Most new graduates (90 per cent) were satisfied with their workload. Three-fifths were on-call within the first week, and 95 per cent within a month. Graduates received calls directly in 45 per cent of practices, in 9 per cent seniors screened the calls, and the remainder used a third party. Assistance from experienced lay staff varied greatly. Discussion of problems was mainly informal. There was little spontaneous feedback and problems resulted from inadequate communication. One in three new graduates left their first job within two years, and one in six identified lack of support, heavy workload, stress or clashes with staff as a primary reason. This high turnover was a problem for employers. From the new graduates' perspectives, initial problems included: being on call (59 per cent), financial aspects (47 per cent) and surgery (43 per cent). Communicating with clients and learning to prioritise jobs were also difficult. New graduates took longer over procedures (79 per cent of employers commented) and required extra back-up (91 per cent) both of which reduced income (59 per cent). Nearly all the seniors felt that their current new graduates had coped 'quite well', although it was claimed that new graduates lacked the ability to talk to clients at the appropriate level, wanted to bring all their scientific knowledge to bear on every case, and often failed to consider the obvious or to appreciate clients' needs. Only 18 per cent of practices had formal and regular review procedures but all monitored the response of clients and watched the new graduate perform. Feedback to their new colleague was considered 'adequate' by 85 per cent of seniors, although 45 per cent of graduates felt they had not received enough. Eighty-three per cent of new graduates felt 'moderately prepared' by their undergraduate course, and 76 per cent of senior vets were 'generally satisfied' Both wanted improvements in extramural studies and increased exposure to routine cases. Senior partners sought greater commitment in the undergraduate curriculum to financial/legal issues and communication skills. Over a third of employers (38 per cent) had a 'great influence' on the choice of continuing professional development courses for their recent graduates. New graduates chose courses to deal with a perceived weakness, or to specialise, and welcomed opportunities to meet other new graduates and share early experiences. It was concluded that turnover and staff problems would be reduced if practices became more effective in coping with new arrivals, especially by supporting their development.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

Skin and respiratory tract symptoms in veterinary surgeons.

Chronic or relapsing irritant eczema of the hands was the main complaint in 34 veterinary surgeons. 9 had contact allergic eczema of occupational character. In 8 cases, the allergies were probably due to antibiotics contaminating the skin during the administration of treatment. Contact allergy to penicillin was observed in 5 cases, to neomycin in 2 and to streptomycin in 1 case. Sensitivities to other work-related substances such as rubber chemicals, antiseptics and local anaesthetics were found in 6 cases. Multiple contact allergies, in particular to different penicillins, were seen frequently. Obvious work-related immediate reactions of probable allergic type were present in 10 cases, but were confirmed with positive RAST or prick test in only 2 cases.

Adult↗

Telescience testbed for biomedical experiments in space morphological and physiological experiments of rat musculoskeletal system.

As the second telescience testbed experiment we were examined sophisticated processes of biomedical experiment, such as an implantation of a transmitter into the hamster's abdominal cavity, non-stressful blood sampling, large amount of blood collection, muscle extirpation and biopsy from the hamsters on February 6-8, 1990. To make clear the differences between successful results obtained by an experienced hand and by a non-experienced one, three operators were selected for three successive experimental days; an engineer who had never experienced any biological experiment, a non-biology student, who experienced on biological experiments, and a veterinary surgeon. Surgical procedures need much experiences on maneuvering and understanding of theory to shorten the elapse time. Especially for a non-experienced hand, graphic instructions were much helpful to understand and to maneuver the procedures. Continuous recordings of ECG from a operator and PIs were of an advantage to grasp an extent of the mental strain, which was compared with their reports requested after end of each experimental day. The mental strain was not related to degrees of scientific achievement, but showed faithfully difficulty of each experimental procedure. Training effects on PIs in successive experimental days were found in their instructions for the operator to let understand the procedures.

Animals↗

A German-Swedish collection of histopathological slides from 1893.

A collection of 159 histopathological slides from 1893 was studied as to origin, condition and documentary value. The slides were dated in Leipzig, Germany, September 26-October 10, 1893. They had apparently been studied jointly by a Swedish veterinary surgeon (Knut August Hjalmar Dahlström) and one or several unknown German colleagues of his in Leipzig, and labelled with their diagnoses. In this paper the collection is referred to as the Leipzig collection. The majority of the slides were well preserved. They reflect part of the animal disease situation, and in some instances also human diseases. Some interesting cases are briefly presented in this paper, one of them even in this abstract, i.e. a case of embryonal nephroma in pig. Six years before Wilms in 1899 described this tumour in children, and 14 years before Day in 1907 described the first case in pig, our then colleagues failed to recognize the embryonic character of the tumour. Their diagnosis was renal adenoma. About 80 percent of the slides were diagnosed as done according to present day procedure. The quality of the slides and that of the diagnostic skill of which they bear witness certainly reflect the far-reaching progress that was made in the knowledge of the nature of diseases and their causes during the second half of the 19th century.

Animal Diseases↗

Report of the Council on Scientific Affairs. Biohazardous waste management: what the physician needs to know. American Medical Association.

Sources of biohazardous waste include not only large hospitals and laboratories, but also physicians' offices, dental offices, clinics, research facilities, surgery centers, veterinary offices, funeral homes, and a growing number of settings where home health care is delivered. State and local municipality definitions and regulations on biohazardous waste vary widely. Most regulations exempt home health care settings, but include physicians' offices. Although the infectious public health risk posed by medical waste is exceedingly low, this fact is not well understood by the general public. Physicians should develop biohazardous waste management programs that fulfill their county, state, and municipal regulations and that consider the difference between health risks to employees and risks to the general public. Physicians can considerably reduce the amount and costs of biohazardous waste disposal by proper identification and segregation of waste in a manner that meets their state's criteria. Using products that can be recycled may reduce the amount and costs of disposal of biohazardous waste. Processing costs also may be reduced by cooperative arrangements among medical groups or health care facilities to negotiate group disposal rates with vendors.

American Medical Association↗

Isoflurane as an anesthetic for experimental animal surgery.

Isoflurane is an inhalational anesthetic agent associated with no known hepatic toxicity. Despite this fact, isoflurane has not been widely utilized as an anesthetic agent in studies of liver structure and function in experimental animals. For this reason, livers from rats treated with pentobarbital or diethylether were compared to those from rats treated with isoflurane to determine differences in biochemical and morphologic parameters. Liver from pentobarbital-treated rats showed a significant decline in glutathione-S-transferase activity compared to liver from isoflurane/O2 or ether-treated rats. Liver microsomes from isoflurane/O2-treated rats retained more cytochrome-C(P450)-reductase activity than did those from pentobarbital-treated, ether-treated, or decapitated rats. Despite these biochemical alterations, morphometric analysis of liver from isoflurane/O2 and pentobarbital-treated rats showed no quantitative or qualitative differences in liver structure or organelle volume densities. Neither were differences detected in uptake and distribution of 125I-epidermal growth factor when analyzed by electron microscopic autoradiography. These data show that isoflurane with supplemental O2 has no effects on hepatic structure and fewer effects on hepatic function than other anesthetics and may be a better experimental anesthetic than any currently in use.

Anesthesia, General↗

Equine corneal surgery and transplantation.

Corneal disease is common in equine ophthalmology and requires vigilant monitoring and appropriate therapy to optimize the outcome. Many equine corneal diseases, particularly those that progress rapidly, may benefit from surgical intervention. These include descemetoceles, deep corneal lacerations and ulcers, corneal perforation/iris prolapse, ulcerative keratitis, corneal stromal abscesses, and corneoscleral neoplasia. Indications for corneal transplantation include optical, tectonic, therapeutic, and cosmetic purposes. Corneal transplantation is most often implemented in equine patients for tectonic and therapeutic reasons when a cornea is compromised by corneal stromal abscess, iris prolapse, or neoplasia. This article provides an outline of when to consider surgical intervention for corneal disease, the procedures available and expected outcomes, and how appropriate early surgical intervention can dramatically improve the end result.

Animals↗

Prevention of postoperative infections in horses.

The best defense against postoperative infection is to use multiple strategies to minimize wound contamination, maintain wound tissue health, and provide rational antimicrobial strategies that do not promote the development of resistant bacteria and superinfections.

Animals↗