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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Bilirubin pigmentation of human teeth caused by hyperbilirubinemia.

This study was conducted to identify bilirubin in deciduous teeth obtained from two patients with a history of severe liver dysfunction. Teeth were histologically analyzed and bilirubin was extracted and quantified spectrophotometrically. Histological analysis revealed a green line in the dentine running parallel to the incremental lines. A chloroform/methanol/acetic acid (30:10:0.5, v/v) extract of the teeth was evaporated and the residue dissolved in chloroform. Absorption spectra were prepared before and after the diazo reaction. The absorption maximum shifted from 450 nm before to 540 nm after the diazo reaction and was higher than that of normal deciduous teeth. These results indicate that the discolouration of teeth in patients with severe liver dysfunction is due to bilirubin deposition.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1994

Clinical and histologic appearance in enamel of primary teeth in relation to neonatal blood ionized calcium values.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationship between low values of blood ionized calcium measured in the first days of life postpartum and the clinical and histologic appearance of enamel of primary teeth. Twenty-five healthy children selected on the basis of optimality with known blood values of ionized calcium from the first days of life participated in a dental examination at the age of 5 yr. Twenty-four of the children contributed one exfoliated tooth each, which was histologically examined. The infants had lower mean values of ionized blood calcium on days 1 and 3 than day 5 postpartum. Thirteen of the 25 children had enamel aberrations, mainly on one tooth each. The histologic examination showed normal overall enamel morphology. The neonatal line was present in all teeth, and these lines were mostly thin. The registered findings about the enamel morphology could not, in any case, be correlated with the measured values of neonatal blood ionized calcium.

Calcium↗
PubMed2004

Influence of the type of dental trauma on the pulp vitality and the time elapsed until treatment: a study in patients aged 0-3 years.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of the type of trauma on the pulp vitality and the time elapsed until seeking dental care in children aged 0-3 years seen at the Baby Clinic of the Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP. A total of 1813 records were analyzed. Two hundred and three patients, corresponding to 302 traumatized teeth, were assessed clinically and radiographically. Hard-tissue injuries were the most frequent (52%), with a predominance of enamel crown fractures (41.4%), followed by concussions (12.6%) and intrusions (11.6%). Clinical and radiographic examination revealed that 72% of the traumatized teeth maintained pulp vitality. In the case of supporting-tissue lesions, 51.1% of the patients sought care within 1-15 days after injury, while in the case of hard-tissue injuries, 52.7% sought care only after 16 days. The results showed that supporting-tissue injuries had a significant influence on the faster seeking of dental care.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Effect of luxation injuries on permanent teeth.

Trauma to the supporting tissues of the teeth are among the most common dental injuries, leading to such complications as pulp canal obliteration, necrosis and root resorption. The aim of this investigation was to study the outcome for young permanent teeth subjected to luxation injuries. From 108 dental records 171 teeth with injuries to the supporting tissue were selected. The material comprised 130 subluxated, 15 extruded, 9 intruded, 15 exarticulated and 6 laterally luxated teeth in children aged 6-19 years. Apart from luxation, 59 teeth (35%) had additional crown and root fractures. 65% of the teeth recovered without complications. 78% of the subluxated teeth and 24% of the luxated teeth showed uneventful posttraumatic healing. Concomitant uncomplicated crown fractures or root fractures without displacement of the coronal fragment did not interfere with the healing. Of 60 teeth with healing complications, 52 (87%) were subsequently recorded as healed, the remaining 8 were extracted or had progressive root resorption. Loss of pulp vitality and external root resorptions were the most often recorded complications (28% and 17% of the total material respectively). Pulp canal obliteration was noted in 3% of the cases. Extent of injury and degree of tooth maturity were found to be related to healing complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Hydroxyl radical activity in thermo-catalytically bleached root-filled teeth.

Intra-coronal bleaching of root-filled teeth has been associated with invasive cervical root resorption. It is considered that during bleaching hydrogen peroxide diffuses through the tooth structure into the cervical periodontium, resulting in periodontal tissue destruction and initiating a resorptive process. Hydrogen peroxide is capable of generating hydroxyl radical, an oxygen-derived free radical, in the presence of ferrous salts. Hydroxyl radicals are extremely reactive and have been shown to degrade components of connective tissue, particularly collagen and hyaluronic acid. The aim of the present study was to determine whether hydroxyl radicals are generated during the bleaching of root-filled teeth which have been discoloured by blood. Forty extracted human premolar teeth were root-filled with gutta-percha and AH26 sealer cement. Twenty of the teeth were experimentally discoloured by blood. All teeth were then thermo-catalytically bleached using 30% hydrogen peroxide while tooth roots were seated in a test solution of sodium salicylate. Hydroxyl radical generation was determined by the detection of reaction products of this radical with salicylate using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). The presence of hydroxyl radicals was detected in twenty-five of the teeth. There was a significant association between the production of hydroxyl radicals and the presence of tooth discolouration caused by blood components. Greatest yields of hydroxyl radicals occurred in teeth in which EDTA had been used to clean the pulp chamber prior to bleaching. It was concluded that hydroxyl radicals are generated during the thermo-catalytic bleaching of root-filled teeth. Generation of this toxic chemical species may be one mechanism underlying periodontal tissue destruction and root resorption after intra-coronal bleaching.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

Sequelae of trauma to primary maxillary incisors. I. Complications in the primary dentition.

Two hundred and eighty-seven children with a total of 545 traumatized primary upper incisors were followed using standardized procedures until the age of 10. Extraction was the only treatment offered when intervention was necessary. The immediate as well as the long-term consequences of trauma were studied on the basis of this material. Consequences in the primary dentition comprised: color changes (53%), pulp necrosis (25%), pulp canal obliteration (36%), gingival retraction (6%), permanent displacement after luxation (5-22%), pathological root resorption (1-10%) as well as disturbances in physiological root resorption (4%) and, lastly, premature tooth loss (46%). In a multivariate analysis of the development of pulp necross in primary teeth after trauma, the following decisive factors were found: age of the patient at the time of injury, degree of displacement of the tooth as well as the degree of loosening and presence of crown fracture. The factors found to influence development of pulp canal obliteration were: displacement of the tooth at time of injury as well as detectable physiologic root resorption at time of trauma. The presence of crown fracture seemed to decrease the risk of obliteration. The need for scientifically based treatment strategies for managing and reducting complications after trauma in the primary dentition is stressed.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1998

A study of replanted permanent teeth in different age groups.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefits of replanting avulsed permanent teeth in different age groups. Of the 112 replanted teeth, 103 could be examined after 2.5 years on average. The teeth were divided into three groups: immature teeth (group A), mature teeth in children and adolescents (group B), and mature teeth in adults (group C). Concomitant injuries did not differ statistically between the groups. Extra-alveolar time with unphysiologic storage was longer than 15 min in 81 teeth. The results were statistically different for pulpal healing (A >> B > C), loss of marginal bone (C > A), amount of replacement resorption (A and B > C), alveolar growth inhibition (A > B >> C), local gingivitis (B > A and C) and buccal gingival retraction (C > A and B). Only 3 of 23 extracted teeth were lost because of replacement resorption alone. Only 2 of the 23 extracted teeth showed revascularization of the pulp. The results suggested that replanting avulsed teeth should be considered a temporary solution in children and adolescents. In these patients, the benefit of tooth replantation is mainly the time gained to establish an optimal treatment plan. Mature teeth with a necrotic periodontal ligament replanted in children before the pubertal growth spurt seemed to have the poorest prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Federal University of Santa Catarina endodontic treatment of traumatized primary teeth - part 2.

This research sought to evaluate periapical repair in 28 traumatized deciduous teeth that had suffered endodontic intervention due to the presence of internal or external inflammatory resorption or replacement root resorption. After obtaining endodontic access, work length and biomechanical preparation, the root canals were filled with calcium hydroxide and propylene glycol under the form of a dense slurry, during 12 months. Replacement of the intracanal dressing was performed when monthly radiographic examinations showed its absence. After 12 months the teeth were obturated with zinc oxide and eugenol cement. Halting of the inflammatory and replacement root resorption (64.3%; n = 28) occurred 9 months after the use of calcium hydroxide dressings, in a total of 18 successful cases. Fisher's test was applied to relate success with the type of trauma, work length time, child's age and pulpal condition. The test did not present statistical significance (P < 0.05). However, in the qualitative analysis, failure was observed in those cases (35.7%) where replacement resorption was already present at the moment of treatment (up to two-thirds) associated with severe trauma cases. The authors concluded that endodontic treatment must be initiated at an early stage, and must be coincident with the radiographic signs of resorption. Success of the treatment is directly related to the seriousness of the sequelae at the moment of the first examination or the endodontic treatment.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2006

Development of a stain shade guide to aid the measurement of extrinsic dental stain.

BACKGROUND: Accurate and reproducible assessment of extrinsic staining is pivotal to determining efficacy of some tooth whitening oral hygiene products. The aim of this study was: (1) to produce a stain shade guide to aid the in vitro and in vivo stain assessment (2) to assess intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of stain assessment using the stain shade guide. METHOD: Using chlorhexidine and tea, perspex and acrylic teeth specimens were stained. The amount of staining on the perspex was measured with a spectrophotometer and the values obtained were assigned to the stained acrylic teeth, which were made into a stain guide. Using clinical photographs and a group of 10 volunteers, stain area and intensity were assessed using the stain guide and the recognized Lobene stain index by two examiners. The degree of intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility for these measurements were assessed using Cohen's kappa statistics. RESULTS: For both the clinical examination and use of photographs, intra-examiner reproducibility for stain intensity was improved when using the stain guide compared with the Lobene Index. Similarly, when assessing inter-examiner reproducibility, stain intensity kappa values were greater using the stain guide (kappa = 0.82) compared with the Lobene Index (kappa = 0.57). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study would suggest that the use of the stain guide could be of importance in the assessment of extrinsic dental stain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Treatment planning for porcelain veneer restoration of crowded teeth by modifying stone models.

UNLABELLED: The three-dimensional result attainable through porcelain veneer restoration of crowded teeth can be preoperatively determined by diagnostically altering stone study models of the patient's dentition. Techniques for diagnostically preparing and waxing the stone dental models are described in this article, along with the corresponding postoperative restorative results of representative cases. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Patients with malaligned teeth who are not willing or able to undergo straightening of their teeth with orthodontics, nonetheless may be able to attain straight teeth concomitant with the restoration of their teeth with modified porcelain veneer restorations. This article describes a straight forward treatment planning technique for altering study casts preoperatively, to accurately predict and guide the postoperative outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Selecting nanotechnology-based composites using colorimetric and visual analysis for the restoration of anterior dentition: a case report.

Currently it is possible to use direct composites and layering techniques to replicate the complex internal structures, visible shape, color, and surface anatomy of natural teeth. To do so, however, requires dentists to understand the principles of nature and the science of dental materials to determine the most suitable restorative material for a specific indication. By incorporating relatively new technologies--colorimetric analysis, which provides computerized shade guide definitions of a tooth and essential information to verify shade mapping, and a new nanotechnology-based direct composite--into composite layering techniques, dentists can more predictably replicate the esthetics of natural teeth. This article presents a case in which both technologies, used in combination with a composite layering technique, contributed to the esthetic and functional restoration of the maxillary central incisors.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Trauma quiz. Terribly troublesome, trauma teeth.

Unfortunately, we come across many traumatised teeth during our practising career. Some of these traumatic injuries are rather simple to treat whereas others provide us with a real challenge. It is absolutely essential that the diagnosis of the injury be known before any treatment is attempted. When it comes to trauma, however, defining the exact form of treatment can often be very difficult. In this paper I will discuss some of the cases that I have managed and leave it up to YOU to decide whether my treatment has been correct, incorrect or whether there is some other form of treatment that we have at our disposal that could have been attempted.

Adolescent↗