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PubMedDate not supplied

Rationale behind criterion-referenced clinical evaluation tools (a look at the ASRT recommendations).

Predicting and assessing learning outcomes through the use of behavioral objectives is increasing in programs of radiologic technology. The American Society of Radiologic Technologists has made available an instrument for evaluating student clinical performance and by examining the assumptions underlying this instrument we may better understand the theoretical basis upon which criterion-referenced evaluations are founded.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1994

Preliminary impacts of PACS technology on radiology department operations.

The potential benefits of digital imaging to clinical operations focuses on both quantitative and qualitative improvements. In the future it is postulated that it will totally replace analog imaging, creating the 'filmless' Radiology department. Although this could result in dramatic savings in film costs, realization of this scenario will require continued improvements in the performance and cost of component technologies, acceptance by the medical and legal communities of the reliability of the medium, and changes in the practice and process of radiology. Baltimore VAMC has recently become one of the truly 'filmless' radiology departments through use of a leading commercial Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS) and DHCP's Digital Imaging System. This document outlines the results of a preliminary assessment of PACS technology as it is installed at Baltimore, and its impact on operations.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed2003

PACS utilization in radiologic research.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors investigated patterns of utilization of the digital picture archiving and communication system (PACS) in radiologic publications in order to ascertain whether there may be a correlation between PACS use and demographic/cultural factors such as geographic location, radiologic specialization, and use of advanced radiologic technologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,037 articles in 22 randomly selected issues of AJR: American Journal of Roentgenology and of Radiology (1999-2001) were reviewed for the rate of PACS use and the type of PACS used. Articles for which PACS use or nonuse was established were further classified according to originating continent or region, imaging modality, study design (whether retrospective or prospective), and the use of advanced radiologic technology. The use of a PACS was then correlated with these factors. The data were recorded and statistics were prepared by means of statistical software. The nonparametric (chi2) test also was run by using this software. RESULTS: PACS had been used and reported in the preparation of 225 of the 1,037 articles. The type of PACS used was mini PACS (eg, systems using digital imaging and communications in medicine [DICOM] protocols or precursors) in 55 (24%) and department- or hospital-wide PACS in 161 (72%). Most of the articles for which use of a PACS was reported had originated in North America (60%), Europe (22%), or Asia (14%). PACS were used in almost half of retrospective studies and in one-fourth of prospective studies (P < .01). A low correlation was found between utilization of PACS and use of other advanced technologies. CONCLUSION: Although PACS were utilized in the preparation of a substantial proportion of articles published in the two major radiology journals, there was a great disparity in the rate of PACS use among world regions. The proportion of studies originating in North America for which a PACS was used was nearly three times the number of similar studies originating in Europe, and more than four times the number originating in Asia.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The life of Ed C. Jerman: a historical perspective.

During radiology's early years, many people dedicated their lives to developing practical applications for the x-ray. A leader among them was Ed C. Jerman, author of the first textbook on radiographic technique and founder of the organization known today as the American Society of Radiologic Technologists. Through the first three decades of this century, Jerman worked diligently to bring legitimacy, organization and technical expertise to the fledgling profession of radiologic technology. In 1995, the centennial of the x-ray's discovery, it is appropriate to reflect on the many contributions of the man who is remembered today as the father of modern radiologic technology.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1995

Asynchronous transfer mode technology for radiologic image communication.

Image communication is an important component in picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) and teleradiology applications. Currently, local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs) use different technologies for image communication. Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is an emerging technology that can be used for both LANs and WANs. This article describes experimental results using an ATM network to transmit CT scans and digitized radiographs between the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and Mount Zion Hospital, an affiliated community hospital in the San Francisco Bay area. The WAN connection between the two hospitals is via an ATM main switch at Pacific Bell, a local communication carrier located in Oakland, CA, which uses single-mode optical fibers. Preliminary results show that, using the ATM Optical Carrier Level 3 (OC3) (155 Mbits/sec) specification, it takes 1.3 sec and 2.7 sec to transmit a 10-Mbyte digitized radiograph and a 20-Mbyte CT scan, respectively, between the two locations. Encouraged by these results, we have designed and implemented an ATM WAN and LAN between UCSF and Mount Zion Hospital. This is the first of a three-phase project of installing a WAN serving four hospitals and one clinic in the San Francisco Bay area.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of a radiologic technologist trained as a physician assistant in diagnostic radiology.

This article describes a program for physican assistants in diagnostic radiology at the University of Kentucky, currently the only one in the country. Available only to graduates of AMA-approved radiologic technology programs who have two years of field experience, it consists of two additional years of intensive education in many aspects of radiological medicine.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1991

The knowledge and attitudes of radiologic technologists and allied health students regarding AIDS and AIDS patients.

Two questionnaires on AIDS knowledge and attitudes were administered to allied health and radiologic technology students, and a group of radiologic technologists. Generally negative attitudes and poor knowledge prevailed. No correlation could be found between knowledge scores and attitudes. Implications for entry-level and continuing education are also discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

What allied health professionals want from continuing education programs: a study of five disciplines.

The purpose of this study was to determine what allied health professionals want from continuing education programs. Both the content desired and the format of such programs were investigated. The results from five allied health disciplines are reported, including: Medical Dietetics, Medical Technology, Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy and Radiologic Technology.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

Laparoscopic lymph node dissection for gastric cancer with intraoperative navigation using three-dimensional angio computed tomography images reconstructed as laparoscopic view.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic extended lymph node dissection for gastric cancer is difficult to perform because it requires dissection with preservation of vessels. Therefore, an intraoperative navigation system for the angioarchitecture would be helpful. Recent enhanced volume-rendering computed tomography (CT) can produce clear intraluminal three-dimensional (3D) images. This advanced radiological technology can provide 3D angiographic images reconstructed in the same view as would be observed from a laparoscope inserted into the abdominal cavity. We report our experience with laparoscopic gastrectomy with radical lymph node dissection using this advanced radiological technology. METHODS: 3D CT angiographic images from the celiac axis to the proper hepatic artery were reconstructed in two ways preoperatively. The first was only 3D angiographic images that were reconstructed as the laparoscopic view (LapView 3D CT angiography). The second was LapView 3D CT angiography with images of the body of the pancreas, which was more useful for intraoperative navigation in comprehensing anatomy. Two monitors were placed over the shoulder of the patient during surgery. One monitor, which was controlled by the image mixer, projected the laparoscopic images with picture in picture of 3D CT angiographic images. The surgeon performed the surgery with reference to this monitor during lymph node dissection. RESULTS: 3D angiographic CT clearly showed all vessels of interest in laparoscopic lymph node dissection for gastric cancer in 10 cases. The anatomy of vessels appeared as if looking beyond visible surface. LapView 3D CT angiography was useful for laparoscopic navigation surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Diagnosis of meningeoma. A comparison of costs before CT, during CT and after introduction of MR imaging.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the capital investment required by advances in radiological technology is offset by savings in the direct costs of diagnostic services. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Meningeoma was used as an indicator case. All meningeoma patients from three study periods were included: Twenty patients in 1976-77 before the introduction of CT, 22 patients in 1984-85 when CT was used and 16 patients in 1992 when MR imaging had replaced CT as the most informative imaging modality. Radiological and other diagnostic investigations, and the hospital stay were identified and cost analyzed. RESULTS: The costs of radiological examinations increased from 293 Euros in 1976-77 to 513 Euros in 1992. The average number of diagnostic examinations per patient decreased from 5.1 in 1976 77 to 2.4 in 1992. The length of hospital stay decreased from 11.5 to 2.7 days and the total costs of the diagnostic work-up decreased to one-third of the original, i.e. from 3423 Euros in 1976-77 to 1282 Euros in 1992. CONCLUSION: The costs of the radiological examinations rose, but the development of radiological technology simplified the diagnostic practice. The hospital stay drastically decreased. The total costs of diagnostic work-up per patient dropped to one-third of the baseline costs.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gerontology in the R.T. curriculum.

This study was conducted to determine the extent to which students in U.S. radiologic technology educational programs are being prepared to provide diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for geriatric patients. A total of 442 programs in radiography, nuclear medicine technology, radiation therapy and diagnostic medical sonography were surveyed. Results indicate that most gerontology instruction is limited to modules or units within defined courses, rather than comprehensive gerontology courses related to professional practice. Respondents indicated a perceived need for additional gerontology content in the curricula.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiography programs and the ADA.

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), radiologic technology educational programs may not discriminate against qualified disabled individuals who meet admissions criteria. The authors conducted a survey of educational programs to determine familiarity with the law and collect data on admissions practices, specifically technical standards and physical exams. Results indicated that a majority of respondents were only somewhat familiar with the ADA; that most programs have technical standards in place, although they vary in specificity; and that self-assessment was the most frequent method of assessing compliance. Programs reported the use of various methods to assess the health of applicants, and few challenges to the health evaluation process were reported. A moderate need for reasonable accommodations was demonstrated.

Persons with Disabilities↗