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Results for “Tendon Entrapment”

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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[An anatomical study of tarsal tunnel].

In order to understand the pathogenesis and improve the treatment of tarsal tunnel syndrome, we investigated the tarsal region anatomically on 62 feet of 31 cadavers and five freshly amputated feet. The following results were thus obtained: 1. The bifurcation into the medial and lateral plantar nerves mostly occurred within the flexor retinaculum. 2. The medial calcaneal branch showed many anatomical variations. 3. The flexor retinaculum was not clearly demarcated at its superior and inferior borders, and it was not as thick as previously thought. 4. The neurovascular bundle was separated from other tendon sheaths, and enclosed in its own tunnel. 5. A fibrous septum found at the entrance of the abductor hallucis muscle, may represent an entrapment point of the medial plantar nerve. 6. The ganglion from the talocalcaneal joint tended to compress only the medial plantar nerve.

Ankle↗
PubMed2001

Ultrasound of the elbow.

Ultrasonography (US) is an efficient alternative to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for evaluation of soft tissues of the elbow. US is able to diagnose several abnormalities affecting tendons, muscles, ligaments and bursae around the elbow joint. In cubital tunnel syndrome, US identifies ulnar nerve abnormalities and extrinsic lesions that may cause nerve entrapment. Occult fractures, osteophytes and intra-articular loose bodies can also be imaged. In para-articular swelling, US is able to assess the presence of capsular and synovial processes and to differentiate them from soft tissue tumors. Key advantages of this technique include cost-effectiveness, availability and ability to perform a dynamic examination.

Elbow Joint↗
PubMed2003

Carpal tunnel syndrome secondary to intratendinous infiltration by tophaceous gout.

Carpal tunnel syndrome caused by gout is rare. We describe a case of entrapment of the median nerve secondary to intratendinous infiltration by gouty tophi in a 54-year-old man. The tophus was excised from the profundus tendon but the superficialis was too infiltrated and destroyed to be saved. The patient made an uneventful recovery with relief of his symptoms. This case illustrates the potential consequences this could have for hand function.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed2004

Blackthorn injury: a report of three interesting cases.

Blackthorn (Prunus spinosus), a member of Rosacea family is well known for causing infections and tissue reactions of synovial structures. Three interesting cases of cystic blackthorn granuloma, blackthorn synovitis with digital nerve entrapment, and multiple blackthorn syndrome are presented. Removal of foreign body fragments and surrounding reactive tissues resulted in an uneventful recovery with full return of joint and tendon functions.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Resistant tennis elbow.

Fifty cases of resistant tennis elbow were studied, thirty seven of these had been treated by lengthening the tendon of extensor carpi radialis brevis, and thirteen by decompression of the radial tunnel. The two groups were well matched in terms of age, sex and pre-operative symptoms and signs. It was found that the results of surgery were very similar in the two groups and this observation is explained by anatomical study showing that surgical division of the fibrous arch of the superficial leaf of supinator will relieve tension on the lateral epicondyle and its adjacent structures thus allowing relief of symptoms independently of radial or posterior interosseous nerve decompression. This elaborates previously published work showing that there is no clinical or electrical evidence of radial nerve entrapment in resistant tennis elbow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Chronic obscure groin pain is commonly caused by enthesopathy: 'tennis elbow' of the groin.

Forty-nine patients with chronic obscure groin pain, bilateral in four, presented to one general surgeon in a 12-month period. Inflammation ('enthesopathy') at the pubic insertion of the inguinal ligament was the cause in 30 patients (32 groins). This has not previously been recognized as a cause of chronic groin pain, possibly because the exact site of tenderness can be obscured by the pubic pad of fat. Enthesopathy also occurred in five rectus and one adductor longus tendons (one patient had inflammation in both). Infiltration with long-acting steroid (1 per cent triamcinolone) and local anaesthetic (2 per cent lignocaine) was offered to all patients with localized tenderness of tendon or ligament. A questionnaire survey 3-15 months after injection showed a better outcome after treatment than when injection was declined. Other causes of pain included nerve entrapment (five cases), spinal referred pain (five in four patients) and ureteric stones (two). Inguinal hernia is sometimes coincidental rather than causative of the pain. In three patients the pain had subsided and no diagnosis was made. Simple diagnostic and therapeutic measures may relieve chronic groin pain and spare patients elaborate investigation or unnecessary operation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Painful entrapment of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve at the elbow.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report the diagnosis and management of entrapment neuropathy of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABCN) presenting as lateral elbow pain. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with lateral elbow pain were diagnosed with entrapment of the LABCN. Six patients also had paresthesia of the distal forearm. Diagnosis was made by clinical evaluation and confirmed with diagnostic injection of 1% lidocaine. Electrodiagnostic evaluation was positive in all patients. All patients were treated conservatively. Seven patients improved and 16 patients had surgical decompression of the LABCN at the elbow and distal arm with partial resection of the lateral margin of the biceps tendon. Postoperative follow-up evaluation averaged 45 months. RESULTS: Fourteen patients had complete relief of pain and 2 patients continued to have minimal to mild pain. Of the 6 patients who had preoperative paresthesia only 1 patient had persistent mild paresthesia of the radial side of the distal forearm. Range of motion and grip and pinch strength returned to normal values. All patients returned to their preoperative daily and work activities. CONCLUSIONS: Entrapment neuropathy of the LABCN should be considered in the differential diagnosis of elbow pain. Electrodiagnostic evaluation can be very useful in establishing and confirming the diagnosis. Surgical treatment of patients who do not respond to conservative treatment is simple yet effective in improving the patients' symptoms. Patients who present with paresthesia usually require surgical intervention because paresthesia represents a more progressive stage of the nerve entrapment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Musculocutaneous neuropathy after strenuous physical activity.

Three cases of isolated musculocutaneous neuropathy that were related to heavy physical activity are reported. The condition was predominantly motor, and each patient presented with weakness and loss of the normal contour of the biceps muscle. Recovery was complete in two cases, while the third case was left with residual weakness of the biceps muscle. It is postulated that the neuropathy in such cases is due to entrapment or stretching of the nerve where it passes through the coracobrachialis muscle in the upper arm. The condition should be distinguished from rupture of the biceps muscle belly or tendon, from brachial plexopathy and from cervical radiculopathies.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. Clinical, electrodiagnostic, and magnetic resonance imaging correlations.

BACKGROUND: Although carpal tunnel syndrome is diagnosed primarily on clinical grounds, a number of investigations can be helpful in confirming the diagnosis and providing therapeutic orientation. Electrodiagnostic testing is the most widely used method in everyday practice but can be inconclusive or inconsistent with the clinical findings. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful in such cases. OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic usefulness of electrodiagnostic testing and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-three cases of clinically-defined carpal tunnel syndrome in 20 patients were investigated by electrodiagnostic testing and magnetic resonance imaging. The nerve entrapment was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on clinical and electrodiagnostic findings. Structures evaluated on magnetic resonance imaging scans were the median nerve, the flexor retinaculum, the flexor tendons, the fat lying deep to the tendons, the thenar compartment, and the carpal bones. RESULTS: Bowing of the transverse carpal ligament, high signal from the median nerve on T2 images, and median nerve enlargement were found in 70%, 57%, and 55% of cases, respectively. Bowing of the transverse carpal ligament is a cause of mechanical compression, whereas the other two signs reflect injury to the median nerve. High signal from the median nerve was associated with more severe clinical and/or electrodiagnostic abnormalities. CONCLUSION: When electrodiagnostic abnormalities suggest more severe disease than expected or are otherwise discordant with clinical findings, demonstration by magnetic resonance imaging of high median nerve signal and/or median nerve enlargement may help to select those patients most likely to benefit from surgical treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Interposition of extensor digitorum tendon in distal radius fracture mimicking a compartment syndrome.

A 14-year-old boy sustained a dorsally displaced Salter-Harris Type II fracture of the distal radius. A single attempt at closed reduction failed. After this closed reduction, the patient was unable to passively or actively extend or flex his fingers. He had increasing pain and compartment pressures were abnormally elevated. Dorsal fasciotomy was done, and during the open reduction, entrapment of the dorsal extensor retinaculum and extensor digitorium communis within the fracture was found. After removal of these structures, fracture reduction was easily accomplished and his fingers had a full range of motion. Postoperative recovery was uneventful.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iatrogenic entrapment: femoro-popliteal vein bypass graft.

A rare cause of occlusive vascular disease is the "Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome." The most common cause of this problem is abnormal position of the popliteal artery caused by abnormal migration of the medial head of the gastrocnemius. An acquired form can occur because of tunneling defects by inadvertent placement of venous bypass graft medial to the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. We present 2 cases of iatrogenic entrapment of the femoropopliteal bypass graft. Investigations revealed compression of the graft with extension of the knee. Both cases were treated surgically. Intraoperatively there was evidence of compression of the graft between the tendons of the semitendinosus and the gracilis muscles and the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. Treatment involved division of the medial head of the gastrocnemius in 1 patient, and in the other, the tendons of gracilis and semitendinosus were divided. No compression of the graft was noted postoperatively by noninvasive test. No significant mobility issues caused by the division of muscle or the tendons were present in the postoperative period.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Soft-tissue injuries of the hand and wrist in racquet sports.

Participants in racquet sports are prone to a host of soft-tissue injuries to their hands and wrists owing to the direct impact of the handle as well as the repetitive stretching that occurs as the wrist is forcefully whipped into extremes of position. Tendinitis can occur in all tendons but is most common in the first dorsal compartment, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and extensor carpi ulnaris. Ligamentous tears can produce instability patterns that, if unrecognized, can become chronic disabilities. Vessels and nerves can be compromised by repetitive blunt trauma to the structures themselves or by entrapment by surrounding structures. Prompt diagnosis will allow for the appropriate treatment and eliminate the need for vague terms such as "wrist sprain." The goal of early recognition and treatment is to allow the player to get back to the court and prevent the development of chronic discomfort or permanent impairment.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1987

Dorsal locking of the metacarpophalangeal joint.

Many causes for metacarpophalangeal joint locking have been documented. However nearly all are from volar entrapment of periarticular structures. The following case, unlike those previously reported in the literature, was one with locking caused by dorsal entrapment. The differences in presentation and its importance to subsequent treatment are highlighted.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Tendon arthroplasty for treatment of trapeziometacarpal arthrosis.

Trapeziometacarpal arthrosis is common among middle-aged women, and the surgical treatment options include arthrodesis, excision of the trapezium, prosthetic replacement of the trapezium, reconstruction of the ligaments, and various tendoplasties. We have prospectively studied a simple tendoplasty in which a strip of abductor pollicis longus tendon was anchored to the flexor carpi radialis tendon, the intact part of the abductor pollicis tendon, and the joint capsule, after excision of the trapezium, and carried out 27 operations in 25 patients. The thumb was immobilised for only eight days. Systematic exercises were started on the day of operation. Complete pain relief was obtained in 17 patients and partial relief in eight. Grip strength improved. The mobility was unaltered and functionally satisfactory. Three patients were reoperated on for cutaneous nerve entrapment and one for carpal tunnel syndrome. The procedure is simple, and the patients' symptoms improved without failures. The intensive supervised postoperative physiotherapy was essential to achieve the final results.

Adult↗