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PubMed2005

The effect of platelet-rich plasma upon implant stability measured by resonance frequency analysis in the lower anterior mandibles.

Using a one-stage surgical protocol, a total of 34 Brånemark Mk-III Ti-Unite implants with a length of 13 mm and a diameter of 3.75 mm were inserted in 10 edentulous mandibles. Of these, seven patients received four and three patients two interforaminal implants. All implants were followed with repeated stability measurements by means of resonance frequency analysis at different time interval: 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44 days. In quadrant III platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was instilled locally before implant placement, while no PRP was added in quadrant IV to serve as control group (split-mouth design). Results showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Nonetheless, both groups (PRP+control) showed a highly significant reduction of the implant stability quotient (P<0.001) between days 0 and 4. However, no difference was noted between the two groups after day 4, it may be concluded that the instillation of PRP during implant placement in the lower anterior mandible did not add additional benefit.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Tissue ingrowth into titanium and hydroxyapatite-coated implants during stable and unstable mechanical conditions.

Lack of initial mechanical stability of cementless prostheses may be responsible for fibrous tissue fixation of prosthetic components to bone. To study the influence of micromovements on bony ingrowth into titanium alloy (Ti) and hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implants, a loaded unstable device producing movements of 500 microns during each gait cycle was developed. Mechanically stable implants served as controls. The implants were inserted into the weight-bearing regions of all four femoral condyles in each of seven mature dogs. Histological analysis after 4 weeks of implantation showed a fibrous tissue membrane surrounding both Ti and HA-coated implants subjected to micromovements, whereas variable amounts of bony ingrowth were obtained in mechanically stable implants. The pushout test showed that the shear strength of unstable Ti and HA implants was significantly reduced as compared with the corresponding mechanically stable implants (p less than 0.01). However, shear strength values of unstable HA-coated implants were significantly greater than those of unstable Ti implants (p less than 0.01) and comparable to those of stable Ti implants. The greatest shear strength was obtained with stable HA-coated implants, which was threefold stronger as compared with the stable Ti implants (p less than 0.001). Quantitative determination of bony ingrowth agreed with the mechanical test except for the stronger anchorage of unstable HA implants as compared with unstable Ti implants, where no difference in bony ingrowth was found. Unstable HA-coated implants were surrounded by a fibrous membrane containing islands of fibrocartilage with higher collagen concentration, whereas fibrous connective tissue with lower collagen concentration was predominant around unstable Ti implants. In conclusion, micromovements between bone and implant inhibited bony ingrowth and led to the development of a fibrous membrane. The presence of fibrocartilage and a higher collagen concentration in the fibrous membrane may be responsible for the increased shear strength of unstable HA implants. Mechanically stable implants with HA coating had the strongest anchorage and the greatest amount of bony ingrowth.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2001

Instrumentation for posterior stabilisation of cervical traumatic and degenerative disorders: bullet-shaped implant and titanium cable.

BACKGROUND: Numerous implants for posterior stabilisation of cervical spine have been described so far. The aims of all these implants and techniques are rigid spinal stabilisation without neurologic damage, restoration of neuroanatomy and excellent radiological studies in postoperative period. The objective of this study was to determine the effectively and clinical safety of this system. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients treated with posterior stabilisation system for the stabilisation of traumatic and osteodegerative disorders of lower cervical spine in our department. This posterior cervical stabilisation system consist of titanium bullet-shaped implant (Ti-Frame) and titanium cables (sof' wire). RESULTS: All patients underwent only posterior fixation except 2 (anterior decompression and posterior stabilisation in 2 stages) and postoperative early immobilisation was allowed with Philadelphia collar in all patients. At the follow-up period 15.2 months (9-25 months), none of the patients had superficial or deep infection, implant resection or failure. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this system (Ti-frame and titanium cables) is a simple, safe and effective system for posterior cervical stabilisation in patients with traumatic and osteodegenerative disorders due to provide rigid fixation and allow CT and MR imaging without the significant artifact.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Markers of primary mineralization are correlated with bone-bonding ability of titanium or stainless steel in vivo.

Critical events in the adaptation of osseous tissues to implant materials involve initial calcification of the newly synthesized bone. Previous studies indicated that bone-bonding but not nonbonding glass ceramics increase the matrix vesicle number, thereby compensating for delayed maturation of the extracellular organelles. The present study assessed whether this was also true for metal implants commonly used in orthopaedics and oral medicine. Bone-bonding titanium (Ti) or nonbonding stainless steel (SS) implants were placed in the right tibias of Sabra rats following ablation of the marrow. At 3, 6, 14, and 21 days postinjury, newly formed endosteal bone in the treated and contralateral limbs was removed and matrix vesicle-enriched membranes isolated. Alkaline phosphatase and phospholipase A2 specific activities and phosphatidylserine (PS) content were determined and compared with those of a nonsurgical control group. Results show that matrix vesicle alkaline phosphatase and phospholipase A2 activity and PS content was increased in the Ti-implanted limbs at 6 (peak), 14, and 21 days, although at levels less than observed in normal healing. Alkaline phosphatase activity remained elevated throughout the healing period. In contrast, these parameters were markedly inhibited in the SS-implanted limbs with respect to Ti or to normal healing. Both implants altered the systemic response associated with marrow ablation, but in an implant-specific manner. The results support the hypothesis that cells adjacent to bone-bonding materials can compensate for negative effects on primary mineralization during osteogenesis, whereas cells adjacent to nonbonding materials either do not compensate or are further depressed. The data support the use of the rat marrow ablation model as a tool for rapid, initial assessment of biomaterials in bone.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1991

Micro-observation and characterization of bonding between bone and HA-glass-titanium functionally gradient composite.

Bioactive composite implants consisting of hydroxyapatite (HA)-glass (G) ceramic layer and Ti-6AI-4V alloy, so-called HA-G-Ti functionally gradient implant, were provided for investigating the bonding behaviour of bone to the implant in vivo. The HA-G-Ti composites were implanted in femur and tibia of dog for various periods (1-12 month). Microstructural appearance of the interface between bone and the HA-G coating layer as well as the transverse sections of the HA-G coating layer and further apposition of bone to the implant have been studied in detail with SEM. The ingress of collagen fibres into the HA-G coating layer and the deposit of apatite on the collagen fibres and HA crystal grains being containing within the HA-G coating layer have been observed. Radiographical experiments indicate that the reparative process in the bone tissue surrounding the implants is markedly ahead even at one month after implantation. FT-IR measurement and X-ray diffraction were carried out for studying the characterization of the calcified bone matrix around the implants and the new bone proliferated along the HA-G-coated face (surface).

Animals↗

PubMed1999

A review of ceramic coatings for implant fixation.

The present series of eight studies was performed in order to investigate the effect of various clinically relevant factors on bone ingrowth in relation to hydroxyapatite (HA) and titanium-alloy (Ti) coating when subjected to pathological and mechanical conditions mimicking the clinical situation. HA- and Ti-coated implants were inserted into the femoral condyles of mature dogs and one study was performed on humans. The observation period ranged from 4 to 52 weeks, and the results were evaluated by mechanical push-out testing, histomorphometric analysis, polarized light microscopy, UV fluorescence microscopy and collagen analysis. There were no complications related to the operative procedures, and all dogs were killed according to the original time schedule. Two studies focused on in vivo mechanisms and factors influencing resorption of HA coating. The overall conclusions from these studies are that HA coatings do resorb in vivo, that micromotion accelerates resorption, and that resorbed HA is partly replaced by newly formed bone, suggesting that implants fixation is durable. The other studies focused on the significance of mechanical stabilization and loading conditions of the implant immediately after surgery. From these studies, it can be concluded that HA-coating has a positive effect on bone-implant fixation in various situations, i.e., under stable loaded conditions and under unstable mechanical conditions. The most striking effect of HA coating was that it enhanced bone growth across a gap around the implant both during stable and unstable mechanical conditions; it even converted a motion-induced fibrous membrane to bony anchorage.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Luteal function and reproductive response in suckled beef cows after metestrus administration of a norgestomet implant and injection of estradiol valerate with various dosages of injectable norgestomet.

In an experiment replicated over 2 yr, 149 suckled beef cows were administered Syncro-Mate-B (SMB), a 6-mg Norgestomet (NOR) ear implant (in situ 9 d) in conjunction with an i.m. injection of 5 mg of estradiol valerate (EV), and either 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 mg of NOR, 2 d after estrus. All cows were artificially inseminated at 48 h (timed insemination; TI) after implant removal (IR) and cows were reinseminated at any estrus subsequent to 24 h of TI through 30 d. Blood samples collected before treatment, every 3 d through IR, and at TI were assayed for progesterone (P4). At TI, 44, 39, and 12% of cows treated with 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 mg of NOR, respectively, had serum concentrations of P4 greater than 1 ng/mL (3.0 and 4.5 mg vs 6.0 mg, P less than .01). Fifty-eight, 63, and 84% of cows treated with 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 mg of NOR, respectively, exhibited a synchronized (within 5 d of IR) estrus (3.0 and 4.5 mg vs 6.0 mg, P less than .05). Pregnancy rates for the 5-d synchronized period were 38, 45, and 66% for cows treated with 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 mg of NOR, respectively (3.0 and 4.5 mg vs 6.0 mg, P less than .05). First-service pregnancy rates were 66, 71, and 79% for cows treated with 3.0, 4.5, or 6.0 mg of NOR, respectively (P greater than .10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Surface elastic properties of Ti alloys modified for medical implants: a force spectroscopy study.

We report here the first nanoscale surface elasticity measurements on surface-modified titanium alloys using the force spectroscopy mode in scanning force microscopy. Samples of three vanadium-free titanium alloys, Ti-7Nb-6Al, Ti-13Nb-13Zr and Ti-15Zr-4Nb, were investigated. Surface modification of the three alloys was produced by thermal oxidation in air at 750 degrees C for different times, which resulted in the formation of protective oxide layers with different surface composition and morphology. The elastic properties of the surface layers were studied comparatively in the as-received Ti alloys and after the oxidation process using cantilevers with different stiffness to evaluate the influence of the indentation depth. In all cases, Young's modulus of the sample surfaces was found to be lower than 65GPa, and as low as 20GPa for some of the oxidized samples. Variations observed for the three oxidized Ti alloys can be related to the different chemical composition of the outer layers generated for the different oxidation times.

Alloys↗

PubMed1989

Inhibition of apatite formation by titanium and vanadium ions.

Ti4+ and V5+ ions were studied in two biologically relevant in vitro test systems to determine their effect on hydroxyapatite (HA) formation. System 1 involved direct HA precipitation from solution, and system 2 dealt with the growth of HA seed crystals. The experiments were carried out in a pH-stat by continuously recording NaOH uptake, which follows HA formation kinetics, at pH 7.4, 37 degrees C, and 0.15 M NaCl. In systems 1 and 2, Ti decreased HA formation kinetics in a dose-related manner without delaying the onset of HA formation. For V, the rate of HA proliferation decreased in system 1 in a dose-related manner, but the curves displayed a complicated shape. In system 2, V brought about a decrease in the HA seeded growth rate. Previous work has shown that Al blocks HA proliferation by adsorbing to active growth sites on the surface of HA crystals. By contrast, in this study V was found not to be adsorbed to the surface of HA. The mechanism of action of V probably involves the poorly understood hydrolysis and solution complex formation chemistry of the metal ion. We have shown here that V ions form V-PO4 complexes in solution in the HA formation systems; undoubtedly these are involved in the mechanism of V inhibition of HA formation. On the other hand, Ti was shown to bind to the surface of HA crystals in this study, which means that the ion may poison active crystal growth sites, as does aluminum. Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely used in cementless total hip implants. Previous studies have shown that Ti concentrations 10 to 100 times higher than used here accumulate in osseous tissues around porous Ti implants in dogs 6 to 12 months after implantation. Ions leaching out over long periods of time into the implant interface could interfere with the normal osteoid mineralization and remodeling processes of bone in that region, which would result in subsequent loosening of the implant. This research suggests that further in vitro and animal studies should be carried out to determine the extent of Ti and V ion leaching from implants and their effect on tissue mineralization.

Chemical Phenomena↗

PubMed2002

Fabrication and characterization of hydroxyapatite reinforced with 20 vol % Ti particles for use as hard tissue replacement.

Hydroxyapatite(HA)-based composite reinforced with 20 vol % titanium (Ti) particles was fabricated by hot pressing based on the studies of the structural stability of HA phase in HA-Ti composite by means of FTIR spectrometry and X-ray diffractometry. The mechanical properties and biological behaviors of the composite were investigated by mechanical and in vivo studies. The existence of Ti metal phase can promote the dehydration and decomposition of HA ceramic phase into the more stable calcium phosphate phases, such as alpha-Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) (alpha-TCP) and Ca(4)O(PO(4))(2) at high temperatures. Comparing with pure HA ceramic manufactured under the same conditions, HA-20 vol % Ti composite with higher fracture toughness (0.987 MPa m(1/2)), bending strength (78.59 MPa), work of fracture (12.8J/m(2)), porosity (9.8%) and lower elastic modulus (75.91 GPa) is more suitable for use as hard tissue replacement. Crack deflection is the chief toughening mechanism in the composite. Histological evaluation by light microscope shows HA-20 vol % Ti composite implant could be partially integrated with newborn bone tissues after 3 weeks and fully osteointegrated at 12 weeks in vivo. The excellent biological properties of HA-20 vol % Ti composite may be contributed to the coexistence of high porosity and the decomposition products of HA phase in the composite.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Ion beam treatment of titanium surfaces for enhancing deposition of hydroxyapatite from solution.

Surface coating with hydroxyapatite (HA) is a common way to improve the osseointegration of orthopaedic and dental titanium (Ti)-based materials. The main problems with current techniques are changes in composition during heating and poor adhesion to the surface. An alternative method is deposition of HA onto an activated surface out of a solution. The present work studies the surface treatment involving ion implantation of Na into Ti to induce a modification in chemistry and morphology, showing sodium titanate (Na(2)TiO(3)) incorporated within the surface layer with concentration, depth distribution, and morphology depending on the parameters of the ion implantation. Such ion-implanted Ti surfaces actively induce heterogeneous precipitation of HA from a simulated body fluid containing physiological concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions. This is compared with the activation by NaOH etching. The growth of bone forming cells on the pure Na implanted surface is oriented without an increased bone formation. Cell growth on the NaOH etched surface is reduced. After deposition of HA on both surfaces cell the growth pattern was improved.

Calcium↗

PubMed1993

Hydroxyapatite coating converts fibrous tissue to bone around loaded implants.

In previous studies, we have demonstrated a fibrocartilaginous membrane around hydroxyapatite-coated implants subjected to micromovement in contrast to the fibrous connective tissue which predominates around similarly loaded titanium alloy implants. In the present study, in mature dogs, we investigated the effect of immobilising titanium (Ti)- or hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implants already surrounded by a movement-induced fibrous membrane and compared the results with those of similar implants in which continuous micromovement was allowed to continue. The implants were inserted in the medial femoral condyles of 14 dogs and subjected to 150 microns movements during each gait cycle. After four weeks (when a fibrous membrane had developed), half the implants were immobilised to prevent further micromovement. The dogs were killed at 16 weeks and the results were evaluated by push-out tests and histological analysis. The continuously loaded Ti-coated implants were surrounded by a fibrous membrane, whereas bridges of new bone anchored the HA-coated implants. The immobilised implants were surrounded by bone irrespective of the type of coating. Push-out tests of the continuously loaded implants showed better fixation of those with HA coating (p < 0.001). The immobilised Ti-coated implants had four times stronger fixation than did continuously loaded Ti-coated implants (p < 0.01) but there was no equivalent difference between the two groups of HA-coated implants. The amount of bone ingrowth was greater into immobilised HA-coated implants than into immobilised Ti-coated implants (p < 0.01). Two-thirds of the HA coating had been resorbed after 16 weeks of implantation, but 25% of this resorbed HA had been replaced by bone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Histomorphometric, ultrastructural and microhardness evaluation of the osseointegration of a nanostructured titanium oxide coating by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition: an in vivo study.

Over the past decade the increase of elderly population has determined a rise in the incidence of bone fractures, and the improvement of the implant-bone interface remains an open problem. Metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) has recently been proposed as a technique to coat orthopaedic and dental prostheses with metal nanostructured oxide films either through the decomposition of oxygenated compounds (single-source precursors) or the reaction of oxygen-free metal compounds with oxygenating agents. The present study was performed to assess the in vivo biocompatibility of commercially pure Ti (control material: TI/MA) implants ( psi 2 mm x 5 mm length) coated with nanostructured TiO2 films by MOCVD (Ti/MOCVD) and then inserted into rabbit femoral cortical (middhiaphysis) and cancellous (distal epiphysis) bone. Histomorphometric, ultrastructural and microhardness investigations were carried out. Four and 12 weeks after surgery, significant (p<0.0005) increases in AI of Ti/MOCVD implants were observed as compared to Ti/MA implants (distal femoral epiphysis: 4 weeks=8.2%, ns; 12 weeks=52.3%, p <0.005; femoral diaphysis: 4 weeks=20.2%, p <0.0005; 12 weeks=10.7%, p <0.005). Bone microhardness results showed significant increases for the Ti/MOCVD versus Ti/MA implants at 200 microm in the femoral diaphysis (4 weeks=14.2, p <0.005) and distal femoral epiphysis (12 weeks=14.5, p <0.01) at 4 and 12 weeks, respectively. In conclusion, the current findings demonstrate that the nanostructured TiO2 coating positively affects the osseointegration rate of commercially pure Ti implants and the bone mineralization at the bone-biomaterial interface in both cortical and cancellous bone.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Tribological behavior of artificial hip joint under the effects of magnetic field in dry and lubricated sliding.

In recent years, there is an increasing utilization and demand to use magnetic fields in bioengineering applications due to its beneficial effects. Although in the last decade more attention has been given by tribologists to the electromagnetic processes taking place between sliding surfaces, which influence the tribological behaviors, but no attention has been concern with the sliding surfaces of the artificial implant joints. Therefore, the present work aims to elucidate the tribological behavior of an artificial joint implant under the effect of magnetic fields. Experimental investigation was carried out on a specially designed and constructed hip simulator on which the variations in the coefficients of friction and wear rates of the sliding surfaces were evaluated under the influence of a medium strength magnetic field suitable to apply in the human body. A realistic Ti-alloy implanted stem was used with an inserted head made from surgical grade stainless steel. This head was allowed to rub against UHMWPE sockets. The utilized type of prosthesis was "The JRI Modular Muller Standard-Total Hip Design". The performed experimental tests were conducted under both dry and lubricated sliding conditions using physiological saline solution. The designed simulator allows the coefficients of friction and the wear rates to be evaluated under realistic physiological loading and motion cycles encountered during normal walking of the human body. Comparative results are presented between the artificial joint performance in the presence and absence of the applied magnetic field. The experimental results have indicated that the presence of a medium strength magnetic field of 270 Gauss strength between rubbing surfaces resulted in high beneficial reductions in friction and wear rate of UHMWPE sliding on stainless steel either under dry or saline lubricating conditions. Therefore recommendation was forward to subject artificial implants made of stainless steel/UHMWPE combination of material to such medium strength magnetic field in animal clinical trials aiming to prolong the implant life. Scanning investigation of rubbing surfaces has revealed that the transfer of polymer to the counterface plays a dominant role in dictating the frictional and wear behaviors under dry sliding condition. Smooth molecular profile of the polymer-transferred leads to progressive reductions in friction and wear while the lumpy polymer transfer, formed at the beginning of sliding, increases both friction coefficient and wear. Two action mechanisms dominate the sliding process; adhesive and abrasive mechanisms. The presence of saline lubricant retards the formation of the beneficial polymer transfer thus leading to faster abrasion of the polymeric counterface which explains the relatively rapid and progressive increases in friction and wear.

Biocompatible Materials↗

PubMed2000

Titanium-alloy enhances bone-pedicle screw fixation: mechanical and histomorphometrical results of titanium-alloy versus stainless steel.

Several types of pedicle screw systems have been utilized to augment lumbar spine fusion. The majority of these systems are made of stainless steel (Ss), but titanium-alloy (Ti-alloy) devices have recently been available on the market. Ti-alloy implants have several potential advantages over Ss ones. High bioactivity and more flexibility may improve bone ingrowth and mechanical fixation, and the material also offers superior magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) resolution and significantly less signal interference. However, no data are available from loaded spinal constructs regarding bony ingrowth and mechanical fixation. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of Ti-alloy versus Ss pedicle screws on mechanical fixation and bone ingrowth in a loaded mini-pig model. Eighteen adult mini-pigs underwent total laminectomy and posterolateral spinal fusion at L3-L4, and were randomly selected to receive either Ss (n = 9) or Ti (n = 9) pedicle screw devices. In both groups, the device used was compact Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation (Sofamore Danek) of an identical size and shape. The postoperative observation time was 3 months. Screws from L3 were used for histomorphometric studies. Mechanical testing (torsional tests and pull-out tests) was performed on the screws from L4. The Ti screws had a higher maximum torque (P < 0.05) and angular stiffness (P < 0.07), measured by torsional testing. In the pull-out tests, no differences were found between the two groups with respect to the maximum load, stiffness and energy to failure. No correlation between removal torque and the pull-out strength was found (r = 0.1). Bone ongrowth on Ti was increased by 33% compared with Ss (P < 0.04), whereas no differences in bone volume around the screws were shown. Mechanical binding at the bone-screw interface was significantly greater for Ti pedicle screws than for Ss, which was explained by the fact that Ti screws had a superior bone ongrowth. There was no correlation between the screw removal torque and the pull-out strength, which indicates that the peripheral bone structure around the screw was unaffected by the choice of metal.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Invasion of bone into porous fiber metal implants in cats.

Bone ingrowth in porous Ti-6Al-4V implants in feline femurs was assessed for the amount and composition 4, 12 and 26 weeks after implantation. During the first 12 weeks there was a rapid ingrowth that levelled out during the ensuing weeks. Bone had penetrated the implants to an average depth of 0.5 mm over their entire surface at 26 weeks. The ingrown bone was deficiently mineralized at 4 and 12 weeks, but reached full mineralization at 26 weeks. A low calcium to phosphorus ratio persisted at all observation times. The ingrown tissue was compared to bone filling drill holes that had been made in the trochanters contralaterally to the implants. By means of radioactive strontium, the mineral deposits in the holes and implants could be compared. The overall results indicate that bone ingrowth in a porous implant and bone healing are similar processes both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Alloys↗

PubMed2002

Human-osteoblast proliferation and differentiation on grit-blasted and bioactive titanium for dental applications.

Physico-chemical and topographical surface quality of commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) dental implants is one of the most influencing factors in the improvement of their osseointegration. In this sense, previously, a two-step method (2S) for obtaining bioactive blasted-rough titanium surfaces was developed for improving short-term (due to its bioactivity) and long-term (due to its roughness) osseointegration. This 2S-method consists of: (1) Grit blasting on titanium surface in order to roughen it, and (2) thermo-chemical (TCh) treatment in order to obtain a bioactive surface with bone-bonding ability. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the in vitro human-osteoblast response (proliferation, differentiation - ALP activity- and cell morphology-studied by environmental scanning electron microscopy) of rough c.p. Ti (grit blasted), bioactive c.p. Ti (thermo-chemically treated) and rough-bioactive c.p. Ti (2S-treated). Different grit materials (Al(2)O(3) and SiC) have been used in order to investigate their influence. The results showed that cell adhesion was statistically higher for the rough and bioactive surfaces, whatever the grit used. Cells proliferated very well on all the c.p. Ti surfaces. If comparing groups with and without TCh (all other treatments being equal) the ALP was always higher in the groups with TCh, indicating stimulation of osteoblast differentiation because of TCh, more significantly in the groups that were first blasted. Those ALP results were accompanied by a decrease in the value of proliferation, which shows the good behavior of the cells. This results suggest that a rough and bioactive-titanium surface obtained by 2S-treatment enhances adhesion and differentiation activity of human osteoblasts cells.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

Genetic potential of interfacial guided osteogenesis in implant devices.

The purpose of this review is to summarise recent advances in the design and composition of bioactive surface layers of implantabile biomaterials, and thus the genetic potential of osteoprogenitor cells to recognize and respond to these diverse implanted biomaterials. Changes applied to a biomaterial's surface, in general, could improve its biocompatibility, osseointegration and durability properties, which are required for long-term implantation in the living body. In this review, the implant-bone interface was evaluated and interpreted on the basis of osteoblast cell cultures, i.e., on the genetic potential of osteoblasts to express different phenotype markers depending on the type of biomaterials used. The interface formed by in vitro-grown osteoblasts may be used to identify components of the in vivo implant-bone interface. Over the years, a large number of implant systems consisting of many different biomaterials have been introduced in dentistry and orthopaedics. This paper discusses the performance of currently used metals and other biomaterials, by focusing on the events which occur immediately after implantation and on their impact on the bone-implant interface. The review demonstrates that continuous improvements in composition, surface modality and design of implants may benefit osseointegration and clinical longevity of such implants. No load-bearing conditions or clinical status are discussed. Titanium (Ti) and calcium phosphate ceramics are regarded as the most biocompatible synthetic substances known to be used in hard tissue implantation. These biomaterials are osteoconductive, and do not induce ectopic bone formation. Nonetheless, they provide a physical matrix which is suitable for the deposition of new bone and may guide both the growth and extension of the bone. Comparative investigation evaluated that Ti implant systems appear to be apposed by more bone than ceramic systems, although alternatives concerning the type of Ti alloy and bioactive surface layer engineering, generate extremely diverse osseointegration results. Manufacturers have created an extensive range of inorganic or ceramic coatings on Ti implants in order to achieve better bone healing and osteoconduction. Biologically active molecules, added to the implant surface, represent breakthroughs in guided interfacial osteogenesis. This methodology offers an enormous potential of genetic controlling and promoting osteogenesis. The bone growth factors are not fully understood, but most researchers agree that the contact between the bioactive surface layer of the implant and bone is not static but dynamic and that the above factors may maximise the implant osseointegration.

Animals↗