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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

The detection of transmissible gastroenteritis viral antigens by immunodiffusion.

Parathyroid (PT) glands from 20-day-old embryonic chicks cultured in a chemically defined medium secreted a stimulator of in vitro bone resorption. This stimulator was presumed to be parathyroid hormone (PTH) because: 1) the in vitro dose response curve was parallel to that obtained with bovine PTH; 2) the activity was eluted on Sephadex G-1--chromatography at a postition similar to that for PTH; and 3) the material produced hypercalcemia in vivo in chicks. The amount of PTH-activity secreted was inversely proportional to the calcium concentration of the medium over the range of 0.75-2.25 mM. The chick PT glands also secreted an inhibitor of PTH-stimulated bone resorption in vitro. This inhibitor was presumed to be calcitonin (CT) because: 1) the in vitro dose-response curve was parallel to that obtained with synthetic salmon CT; 2) the activity was eluted on Sephadex G-50 chromatography at a position similar to that for salmon CT; and 3) the material produced hypocalcemia in vivo in rats. In contrast to what would be expected for CT secretion, the CT-activity was secreted by the PT glands in response to a low, not high calcium concentration. The data suggest that the secretion of avian PTH is similar to that of the mammalian hormone, and that the ultimobranchialectomized chick with an intact parathyroid gland may not be deficient in CT.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1988

Lactogenic immunity to transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) of swine induced by the attenuated Nouzilly strain of TGE virus: neutralizing antibody classes and protection.

An attenuated TGE coronavirus mutant (Nouzilly strain) relatively resistant to acidity and digestive enzymes was used for immunization of 11 seronegative pregnant sows, mainly by the oral route. Nouzilly strain is able to induce a protective lactogenic immunity in suckling piglets against severe virulent TGE challenge. However the level of neutralizing activity in serum and milk of vaccinated sows at the time of challenge exposure is not correlated with passive protection rate. Separation of the immunoglobulin classes bearing neutralizing activity in serum and milk from vaccinated sows, by ion-exchange chromatography, failed to demonstrate any relationship between antibody level of these fractions and passive protection rate of piglets. Our results suggest that IgA neutralizing antibodies present in milk are not the only parameters to consider to explain the lactogenic immunity induced by the Nouzilly strain given by oral route.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Experimental immunization of sows with inactivated transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus.

Four sows were immunized with inactivated TGE virus. The virus was either propagated in pig kidney cell cultures, or obtained from the intestines of experimentally infected gnotobiotic pigs, and inactivated by treatment with beta-propiolactone. The inactivated virus preparations were administered to sows by intramammary inoculation. Two sows received two inoculations; the other two sows received three inoculations of inactivated virus. The antibody responses in the serum and milk were determined and piglets nursing the sows were experimentally challenged with virulent TGE virus. Three inoculations of the virus preparation stimulated much higher levels of serum and milk antibody than did two inoculations. A schedule of three inoculations of sows with inactivated TGE virus was effective in stimulating protection against TGE for piglets nursing these sows.

Animals↗