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Results for “pathological imaging data”

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PubMed1994

A pathologist-designed imaging system for anatomic pathology signout, teaching, and research.

Pathology images are derived from gross surgical specimens, light microscopy, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, molecular diagnostic gels, flow cytometry, image analysis data, and clinical laboratory data in graphic form. We have implemented a network of desktop personal computers (PCs) that allow us to easily capture, store, and retrieve gross and microscopic, anatomic, and research pathology images. System architecture involves multiple image acquisition and retrieval sites and a central file server for storage. The digitized images are conveyed via a local area network to and from image capture or display stations. Acquisition sites consist of a high-resolution camera connected to a frame grabber card in a 486-type personal computer, equipped with 16 MB (Table 1) RAM, a 1.05-gigabyte hard drive, and a 32-bit ethernet card for access to our anatomic pathology reporting system. We have designed a push-button workstation for acquiring and indexing images that does not significantly interfere with surgical pathology sign-out. Advantages of the system include the following: (1) Improving patient care: the availability of gross images at time of microscopic sign-out, verification of recurrence of malignancy from archived images, monitoring of bone marrow engraftment and immunosuppressive intervention after bone marrow/solid organ transplantation on repeat biopsies, and ability to seek instantaneous consultation with any pathologist on the network; (2) enhancing the teaching environment: building a digital surgical pathology atlas, improving the availability of images for conference support, and sharing cases across the network; (3) enhancing research: case study compilation, metastudy analysis, and availability of digitized images for quantitative analysis and permanent/reusable image records for archival study; and (4) other practical and economic considerations: storing case requisition images and hand-drawn diagrams deters the spread of gross room contaminants and results in considerable cost savings in photographic media for conferences, improved quality assurance by porting control stains across the network, and a multiplicity of other advantages that enhance image and information management in pathology.

Computer Systems↗

PubMed1993

SWISS-2DPAGE: a database of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis images.

This publication presents the SWISS-2DPAGE database which gathers data on proteins identified on various two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) maps. Each SWISS-2DPAGE entry contains data on one protein, including mapping procedures, physiological and pathological data and bibliographical references, as well as several 2-D PAGE images showing the protein location. Links are also provided to other databases such as SWISS-PROT, EMBL, PROSITE and OMIM. The database has been set up on a server which may be accessed from any computer connected to the internet and it also makes it possible to display the theoretical location of proteins, the positions of which are not yet known on the 2-D PAGE.

Databases, Factual↗

PubMed2003

Characteristics of Rathke's cleft cyst in MR imaging.

PURPOSE: Symptoms, macroscopic appearances and microscopic findings of Rathke's cleft cysts with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the data from 31 patients with pathologically confirmed Rathke's cleft cysts. MR appearances were evaluated on T1WI, T2WI and contrast T1WI. Symptoms, macroscopic appearances and pathological findings were obtained from available medical records. We analyzed the images according to the following criteria: 1. findings on the location and shape of the lesions and form of the lesional wall; 2. the relationship between the maximum diameter of the lesions and symptoms; 3. the relationship between MR and macroscopic appearance; 4. the sites of adjacent contrast enhancement. RESULTS: The lesions were located mostly in both the intrasellar and suprasellar regions for a total of 87%. All lesions revealed either an oval or dumbbell shape with a smooth lesional wall. When correlated with physical symptoms, asymptomatic cases were associated with smaller lesions, while visual disturbances and dizziness were associated with relatively larger lesions. MR lesion signal intensity was related to the content of macroscopic appearance to some degree: the selected lesions showed shortening of T1 and T2 relaxation times in relation to the increase in protein concentration. This should have been macroscopically reflected in the color and turbidity of the liquid within the cyst. Adjacent contrast enhancement around the lesion was found at various sites, but anterior enhancement was most frequent. Circumferential enhancement was revealed to be derived from inflammatory changes. CONCLUSION: Rathke's cleft cyst exhibits a varied MR signal. It may be difficult to differentiate from craniopharyngioma from the intensity alone.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[Subcortical dementia of the Neumann type. Contribution of diagnostic imaging].

A 36 year-old patient presented with a dementia of frontal type, gait disturbances, incontinence and a pseudo-bulbar palsy, which caused death at age 40. Brain biopsy of the frontal lobe showed an extensive deep subcortical gliosis. A high level of GFAP was detected by immunoblotting in the biopsy. Clinical and neuropathological observations are similar to cases described as Neumann Progressive Subcortical Gliosis. Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography showed a bilateral frontotemporal hypoperfusion, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging large periventricular and subcortical hyperintensities in both hemispheres, the brainstem and the cerebellum. The hyperintensities on T2-weighted MR images might be related to the intense gliosis. The contribution of such imaging data to diagnosis must be confirmed by other clinico-pathological cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Utilization of CT image data for preparation of thermoradiotherapy].

Medical imaging procedures are providing qualitative and, increasingly, quantitative diagnostic information on the morphology and function of the human organism. As possibilities for communication and data processing continue to grow, they are also being applied in the field of therapy. Taking combined local radiotherapy and thermotherapy for the treatment of uterine carcinoma as an example, this paper describes the integration of the biological-pathological situation into the modelling of isothermal profiles using the patient's image data.

Body Temperature Regulation↗

PubMed1996

Assessment of lesion pathology in multiple sclerosis using quantitative MRI morphometry and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Quantitative measurement of MRI-defined brain lesions can provide an index of the extent and activity of disease in multiple sclerosis patients. However, the relationships between these indices and clinical features are not well-understood. Heterogeneity of the pathological changes underlying MRI lesions may be an important factor determining the correlation between MRI lesion volumes and clinical measures. Recent studies have suggested that with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), it may be possible to define chemical changes that better reflect the pathological changes in multiple sclerosis. Here we report results of combined quantitative brain T2-weighted MRI lesion volume and proton MRS examinations that demonstrate heterogeneity of the chemical pathology underlying brain lesions in patients selected on the basis of similar clinical disability but differing with respect to the presence or absence of clinical relapses. We examined 29 patients with disease characterized by either clear relapses with at least partial remissions (RR) or secondary, chronic progression after an earlier history of a more relapsing and remitting course (SP). Total hemispheric lesion volume was greater (P < 0.04) in the RR (32.5 +/- 20.9 cm3) than in the SP (16.2 +/- 9.0 cm3) patients, despite the longer duration of disease in the latter group. Central brain N-acetyl aspartate: creatine (NAA:Cr) ratios were reduced relative to normal controls (4.0 +/- 0.3, n = 19) by similar amounts in the two patients groups (RR, 3.1 +/- 0.5; SP, 3.2 +/- 0.4; P < 0.0001). The ratio lesion volume:(NAA:Cr) was greater for the RR group (11.7 +/- 9.3 cm3) than for the SP group (5.4 +/- 3.3 cm3, P < 0.05), implying a greater average degree of axonal loss per unit lesion volume defined by MRI for subjects in the SP group or, alternatively, a greater proportion of lesions without axonal damage or loss in the RR group. Our results emphasize a limitation of using T2-weighted MRI lesion volume alone and suggest that combined analysis of MR-based chemical and imaging data might allow improved non-invasive assessment of lesion pathology in order to better understand its relationship to clinical features of multiple sclerosis.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Autofluorescence imaging in the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer.

Differences in autofluorescence (fluorescence without photodynamic drugs) between normal and malignant tissues offer new possibilities in detecting and localizing early laryngeal carcinoma. Autofluorescence imaging was performed using a modified fluorescence endoscopy system from Xillix Technologies (Richmond, Canada). Fluorescence was induced by blue light at 442 nm and captured by an image-intensified camera through a laryngeal telescope. The images were then processed by the system and displayed on a video monitor. Normal tissue appeared green while malignant sites appeared reddish-brown. The autofluorescence imaging technique was compared to standard microlaryngoscopy in 108 patients with laryngeal pathologies (in 74 of whom malignancy was suspected). The acquired reflectance and fluorescence images of each lesion were assessed independently as malignant or not malignant by three ENT specialists who were familiar with the procedure but were not provided with clinical data or histopathological information concerning the lesion. The assessments of pathology were determined from the two imaging modalities and were compared to histopathological findings of the biopsy specimens taken from the lesion. The present study showed that autofluorescence imaging can be a useful complementary method to microlaryngoscopy for detecting and delineating laryngeal malignancies. If in the future, the device can be developed for use in an outpatient office, a significant improvement can be made for the early detection of laryngeal malignancies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Hybrid rendering of the cervico-cranial arteries using spiral computed tomography.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a shaded-surface and volume display (hybrid rendering method) of the whole vascular system of the cervico-cranial arteries using spiral computed tomography (SCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 12 patients with anatomic abnormalities and pathological conditions of the arterial vascular system. The cervico-cranial arteries were segmented using an interactive threshold interval density volume-growing method and visualized with a color-coded shaded-surface display (SSD) rendering method. The adjacent bone structures were visualized using a transparent volume rendering method. RESULTS: In all cases, the entire volume of the vascular system of the cervico-cranial arteries and the anatomic abnormalities and pathological conditions could be visualized. CONCLUSION: Hybrid rendering of the circulation of the cervico-cranial arteries using image data sets from a subsecond spiral CT scanner is useful for the visualization of anatomical and pathological abnormalities and offer a promising minimally invasive alternative compared with other diagnostic procedures.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Magnetic resonance with an endorectal coil and a fast spin echo sequence in the staging of prostatic carcinoma. The correlation with histopathological data].

INTRODUCTION: We investigated the accuracy of endorectal coil Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Fast Spin Echo (FSE) technique in staging prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MRI was performed in 70 patients with biopsy proved prostatic cancer. A total of 33 patients subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy. T2-weighted FSE sequences (TR 3400-4100, TE 120, Echo train length 13) were acquired in all patients. Axial, sagittal and coronal 4-5 mm images were obtained with 13-14 cm field of view and 256 x 256 matrix. Additional T1-weighted spin echo images were acquired in 9 patients. Lesion staging on MR images was performed according to the American Urological System. MR data were compared with the pathologic findings of whole-mount sections of the surgical specimens. RESULTS: Overall accuracy for endorectal coil MR imaging was 60%; ten cases were underestimated and 3 cases were overestimated. The sensitivity and the specificity of endorectal coil MRI in diagnosing capsular penetration were 77% and 81%, respectively. Seminal vesicle invasion was detected with 87% sensitivity and 96% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Endorectal coil MRI provides a more accurate preoperative local staging.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Virtual reality augmentation in skull base surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Skull base anatomy is complex and subject to individual variation. Understanding the complexity of surgical anatomy is faster and easier with virtual models created from primary imaging data of the patient. This study was designed to investigate the usefulness of virtual reality in image guidance for skull base procedures. DESIGN: Primary volumetric image data from 110 patients was acquired using magnetic resonance, computed tomography (CT), and CT angiography. Pathologies included lesions in the anterior, middle, and posterior skull base. The data were transferred to an infrared-based image-guidance system for creation of a virtual operating field (VOF) with translucent surface modulation and optional "fly-through" video mode. During surgery, the target registration error for anatomical landmarks was assessed and the VOF was compared with the patient's anatomy in the operative field. RESULTS: Complex structures like the course of the sigmoid sinus, the carotid artery, and the outline of the paranasal sinuses were well visualized in the VOF and were recognized by the surgeon instantly. Perception was greatly facilitated as compared with routine mental reconstruction of triaxial images. Accurate assessment of the depth of field and very small objects was not possible in VOF images. CONCLUSION: Supported by sound anatomical knowledge, creation of a virtual operating field for a surgical approach in an individual patient offers a déjà vu experience that can enhance the capabilities of a surgical team in skull base approaches. In addition, application of this technique in image-guided procedures assists in targeting or avoiding hidden anatomical structures.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

Guidelines for primary radiotherapy of patients with prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES: The appropriate application of 3-D conformal radiotherapy, intensity modulated radiotherapy or image guided radiotherapy for patients undergoing radiotherapy for prostate cancer requires a standardisation of target delineation as well as clinical quality assurance procedures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Pathological and imaging studies provide valuable information on tumour extension. In addition, clinical investigations on patient positioning and immobilisation as well as treatment verification data offer an abundance of information. RESULTS: Target volume definitions for different risk groups of prostate cancer patients based on pathological and imaging studies are provided. Available imaging modalities, patient positioning and treatment preparation studies as well as verification procedures are collected from literature studies. These studies are summarised and recommendations are given where appropriate. CONCLUSIONS: On behalf of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Radiation Oncology Group this article presents a common set of recommendations for external beam radiotherapy of patients with prostate cancer.

Europe↗

PubMed1999

Virtual endoscopic environments in modern neurosurgical practice.

Modern radiographic techniques have allowed the creation of high-definition planar images that can provide important anatomical as well as physiological data. Planar imaging sets can be reformatted into three-dimensional (3-D) data sets that can then be manipulated to demonstrate important anatomical or gross pathological features. Three-dimensional data sets have been used with success in modern image-guided or frameless stereotactic surgery. Another potential application is so-called "virtual endoscopy" or "scopeless endoscopy," in which a 3-D anatomical data set is reformatted into a volume-rendered image that can then be viewed. By reformatting images in this way, a "surgeon's-eye" view can be obtained, which can aid in presurgical planning and diagnosis. The use of virtual endoscopy has the potential to increase our understanding of the appropriate anatomy and the anatomical relationships most apparent during neurosurgical approaches. In so doing, virtual endoscopy may serve as an important means of planning for therapeutic interventions. On the other hand, one must always be cognizant of the technical limitations of these studies regardless of the quality of the reconstructed images. Prospective, correlative, clinical studies in which the anatomical advantages of virtual-based endoscopy are evaluated in large cadaver or patient series must be performed. Until then, the only potential ways to compensate for errors that exist in the algorithms and reconstructions of 3-D endoscopic images are based on the surgeon's understanding of the clinical state of the patient and prior experience with the anatomy in the region of question.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Focal asymmetric densities seen at mammography: US and pathologic correlation.

The American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) defines four different types of asymmetric breast findings: asymmetric breast tissue, densities seen in one projection, architectural distortion, and focal asymmetric densities. These lesions are frequently encountered at screening and diagnostic mammography and are significant because they may indicate a neoplasm, especially if an associated palpable mass is present. Once these lesions are detected at standard mammography, supplementary breast imaging with additional mammographic views and ultrasonography (US) can be a key aspect of work-up. The role of US in this setting has not been clearly defined. However, a positive US finding such as a solid mass or an area of focal shadowing increases the level of suspicion for malignancy. A thorough knowledge of the patient's clinical history, along with a fundamental understanding of the ACR BI-RADS lexicon and the role and limitations of supplementary breast imaging, will allow more accurate interpretation of these potentially perplexing soft-tissue findings.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed2005

A parametric imaging approach for the segmentation of ultrasound data.

When an ultrasonic examination is performed, a segmentation tool would often be very useful, either for the detection of pathologies, the early diagnosis of cancer or the follow-up of the lesions. Such a tool must be both reliable and accurate. However, because of the relatively reduced quality of ultrasound images due to the speckled texture, the segmentation of ultrasound data is a difficult task. We have previously proposed to tackle the problem using a multiresolution Bayesian region-based algorithm. For computation time purposes, a multiresolution version has been implemented. In order to improve the quality of the segmentation, we propose to perform the segmentation not only from the envelope image but to combine more information about the properties of the tissues in the segmentation process. Several acoustical parameters have thus been computed, either directly from the images or from the radio-frequency (RF) signal. In a previous study, two parametric images were involved in the segmentation process. The parameter represented the integrated backscatter (IBS) and the mean central frequency (MCF), which is a measurement related to the attenuation of ultrasound waves in the media. In this study, parameters representative of the scattering conditions in the tissue are evaluated in the multiparametric segmentation process. They are extracted from the K-distribution (alpha,b) and the Nakagami distribution (m,Omega) and are related to the local density of scatterers (alpha,m), the size of the scatterers (b) and the backscattering properties of the medium (Omega). The acoustical features are calculated locally on a sliding window. This procedure allows to built parametric mapping representing the particular characteristics of the medium. To test the influence of the acoustical parameters in the segmentation process, a set of numerical phantoms has been computed using the Field software developed by J.A. Jensen. Each phantom consists in two regions with two different acoustical properties: the density of scatterers and the scattering amplitude. From both the simulated RF signals and envelope images, the parameters have been computed; their relevance to represent a particular characteristic of the medium is evaluated. The segmentation has been processed for each phantom. The ability of each parameter to improve the segmentation results is validated. A agar-gel phantom has also been created, in order to test the accuracy of the parameters in conditions closer to the in vivo ultrasound imaging. This phantom contains four inclusions with different concentrations of silica. A B&K ultrasound device provides the RF data. The quantification of the segmentation quality is based on the rate of correctly classified pixels and it has been computed for all the parameters either from the field images or the phantom images. The large improvement in the segmentation results obtained reveals that the multiparametric segmentation scheme proposed in this study can be a reliable tool for the processing of noisy ultrasound data.

Mathematics↗

PubMed1995

[Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis and evaluation of therapeutic efficiency].

Twenty-eight patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) were treated surgically in our department from 1987 to 1994. According to imaging features of B-us, CT, ERCP and operative pancreatogram, CPs were classified into five imaging types: mass type (11 cases), mass with dilated bile duct type (8), diffusely swelling type (4), dilated bile and pancreatic duct type (3), dilated pancreatic duct type (2). The surgical procedure was determined by considering both of the imaging type and major symptoms. The patients with pancreatic mass were treated mainly with pancreatic resection, whereas the patients with dilated bile or/and pancreatic duct were treated with bile or/and pancreatic ductal drainage procedures. Sphincteroplasty, neurectomy, lithotomy and T tube drainage were combined with above mentioned procedures according to intraoperative findings. One patient died of acute cholangitis and hepatic failure, 19 patients were free of pain postoperatively. There was no obvious deterioration of pancreatic function. These data suggest that pathologic changes of CP can be shown by imaging techniques. On the basis of imaging features and major symptoms, choice of appropriate procedure or combination of various operations will improve therapeutic efficiency of CP.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Duodenal carcinoids: imaging features with clinical-pathologic comparison.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the imaging features of duodenal carcinoids with clinical-pathologic comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this study; informed consent was not required. The study was HIPAA compliant. The authors retrospectively reviewed the barium studies (n = 20), computed tomographic (CT) scans (n = 16), magnetic resonance (MR) images (n = 2), pathology reports (n = 33), gross pathology photographs (n = 15), and clinical data (n = 33) from 33 patients (16 men and 17 women; age range, 19-90 years; mean age, 52.6 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of duodenal carcinoid admitted into our institution during a 52-year period. The imaging studies were evaluated by consensus of two abdominal radiologists for the number of masses and their location and morphologic characteristics (polypoid or mural). The CT and MR images were also assessed for contrast enhancement characteristics. RESULTS: Most carcinoids were located in the proximal duodenum (10 in the bulb, 19 in the second portion, two in the third portion, and two in the fourth portion). Seventeen patients (52%) had focal intraluminal polypoid masses and 13 (39%) had mural masses; in three patients (9%), the tumor was not visualized at CT. Five of the 33 patients (15%) had multiple carcinoids. CT showed heterogeneous contrast enhancement in all patients who received intravenous contrast material in the arterial or portal venous phases of enhancement. Nonenhancing masses were present in patients who underwent CT during the equilibrium phase. Two patients had Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Five patients (15%) had neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1); four of the five patients (80%) were women, and four patients were African American. In all five patients with NF-1, the carcinoids were located in the periampullary region. CONCLUSION: Duodenal carcinoids are uncommon tumors with a wide clinical-pathologic spectrum. They occur most commonly in the proximal duodenum and manifest as an intraluminal polyp or a mural mass.

Adult↗

PubMed2025

Foundation model based multimodal transformer framework for survival analysis in HER2 stratified breast cancer.

Objective. To improve survival prediction for HER2-positive breast cancer by integrating histopathological, molecular, and clinical data using a multimodal transformer framework.Approach. We propose a multimodal transformer framework for breast cancer survival prediction using HER2 stratified (SurvMBC), a foundation model-enhanced architecture that fuses three data modalities: whole-slide images, clinical narratives, and molecular features. Tumor microenvironment features are extracted using a pathology language and image pre-training (PLIP), clinical narratives are processed with BioBERT, and miRNA expression plus DNA methylation data are embedded using Gen2Vec. These representations are integrated through a cross-modal transformer with attention mechanisms for survival prediction.Main results. The model was evaluated on 1,095 HER2-positive breast cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas. SurvMBC achieved a concordance index (C-index) of 0.857 (95% CI: 0.834, 0.880), a low integrated Brier score, and a strong inverse negative binomial log-likelihood. Risk stratification based on model outputs significantly separated high- and low-risk groups (log-rankp< 0.01) and showed strong associations with tumor stage, grade, and hormone receptor status (allp< 0.05).Significance. SurvMBC demonstrates the effectiveness of multimodal fusion in addressing tumor heterogeneity and improving prognostic accuracy. The attention-based integration enables context-aware learning of survival-relevant features across modalities, supporting individualized risk stratification and risk-adaptive treatment planning for HER2 stratified breast cancer patients.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed2004

Hepatocellular nodules in cirrhosis: focus on diagnostic criteria on liver biopsy. A Western experience.

The spectrum of so-called space-occupying small (0.5-2.5 cm) sizable nodules arising in the cirrhotic liver includes a series of hyperplastic (large regenerative), dysplastic (low- and high-grade dysplastic), and malignant hepatocellular (well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) nodules. Major progress in their classification and understanding was achieved through image analysis techniques and careful histological dissection of explanted native livers. Needless to say, the actual understanding of their natural history is crucial to a proper histological classification. The differential diagnosis of these hepatocellular nodules is difficult, particularly on biopsy specimens of focal liver lesions revealed by ultrasound (US), taken during the follow-up of cirrhotic patients. In this study we attempted to summarize, on the basis of our experience, essential clinicopathological features useful to distinguish the different nodules on needle biopsy. Synoptic tables of differential diagnosis and figures of elementar lesions, which have to be looked for, are provided. Only the continuous integration of clinical features, image analysis information of pathological findings, and follow-up data allows establishing the autonomy of these polymorphic and controversial entities and the boundaries between them.

Biopsy↗