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At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effects of indoor air pollution on lung function of primary school children in Jordan.

Environmental exposure to tobacco smoke and contaminants from unvented cooking stoves has been linked to impaired pulmonary function and respiratory diseases. These risk factors exist to a greater extent in developing countries and, in the case of exposure to tobacco smoke, they are reported to be increasing. In this study, pulmonary function studies were performed on 1905 children in Jordan. The effect of exposure to these environmental factors on respiratory function was analyzed. A significant negative impact was found with regard to environmental exposure to both passive smoking and wood and kerosene unvented cooking stoves. The mean values of lung function in children exposed and not exposed to passive smoking were, respectively, FVC (L): 1.29-1.49; FEV1 (L): 1.2-1.4; FEF25-75 (L/S): 1.84-2.24; PEFR (L/S): 2.6-3.21, and to wood and kerosene were FVC (L): 1.02-1.32; FEV1 (L): 0.91-1.25; FEF25-75 (L/S): 1.24-1.86; PEFR (L/S): 1.67-2.64. This is a major problem in developing countries because of the increasing incidence of smoking and the high exposure to pollution risk factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Intellectual and functional status at school entry of children who weighed 1000 grams or less at birth: a regional perspective of births in the 1980s.

The intellectual and functional status of a regional cohort of children who weighed 501 to 1000 gm when born between 1980 and 1982 was evaluated at a mean age of 5 1/2 years by standard psychometric tests. Of 90 long-term survivors (survival rate 49%), 78 children (87%) had the full test battery, 5 children (6%) had other tests (4 were blind), and one child was untestable. Most of the mean scores were within 1 SD of the test norms; the lowest scores were in the McCarthy Motor scale and in the Beery Test of Visual-Motor Integration. Children without neurologic impairments and those with an IQ greater than or equal to 68 (n = 60) had higher overall scores but still performed poorly on the Motor subscale and the Beery test. Children who weighed less than 800 gm at birth (n = 28) were similar to those who weighed greater than 800 gm (n = 50), except in the Memory and Motor subscales, in which they performed significantly less well. At a functional level, determined by the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales, two thirds of the children were performing in the adequate range and the remainder in the moderately low to low range. Of the 43 children with no neurosensory impairments and an IQ greater than or equal to 84, 49% were identified (by the Florida Kindergarten Screening Battery) to be at mild to high risk for future learning disabilities. The data from this unselected population provide an unbiased estimate of the prevalence of intellectual and functional problems in children who weighed less than or equal to 1000 gm at birth.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1998

[Importance of assessment of visual function in nautical school students and naval engineers].

Eighty-seven junior nautical school students, of which 46 undergraduate marine engineers and 41 undergraduate nautical officer were examined for visual functions as a part of screening procedure for nautical occupations. All students were male, aged between 17 and 18. Examination comprised visual acuity, visual depth, and colour vision. The visual functions were then quantified according to ergo-ophthalmologic criteria. Statistically, the visual functions were found to be within the normal limits. Only 5% of students bordered with visual impairments in acuity and depth. Five undergraduate marine engineers and one undergraduate nautical officer were found to be deuteranomalous. Deuteranomaly in the latter presented a serious impediment and the student was not eligible for the occupation. It turned out that he had not been examined before the enrollment. The enrollment in the nautical school should be conditioned by previous medical examination that would be performed in accordance with the Regulations for Nautical Personnel. The student's health should be monitored throughout the education and the examination should be repeated on entering the junior class. The existing Regulations for Nautical Personnel should be updated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Physical development and formation of psychophysiological functions in young school-age children].

The aim of investigation was to study of physical development and psychophysiological functions forming in children of young school age. Were studied 25 schoolchildren (12 girls and 13 boys) in 4 class of average school. Anthropometric and functional parameters as level of physical development were studied. In dynamics of school year were studied of psychic functions. The investigations are showed that process of learning provokes of fatigue and reflects on psychic functions efficiency as well as negative influence on physical development. The psychic functions forming characterized to gradual mobilization of new elements of functional system during school year in children of young school age.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2000

Attentional function in secondary school students receiving isoniazid prophylaxis for tuberculosis infection.

Reports have suggested that isoniazid treatment may be associated with poor concentration and subtle reduction in memory. This study examines attentional function and processing speed in a group of 25 adolescents who received isoniazid prophylaxis for at least 6 months. As adolescents often face major educational assessment milestones, such cognitive side effects may have important implications. Participants were assessed before treatment, 1 month into treatment and at least 1 week after treatment cessation. Measures included the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test and subtests of the appropriate Wechsler scale sensitive to attention and speed of information processing. Isoniazid does not appear to cause significant adverse effects on attentional function in adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Lung function in school-age children who had mild lower respiratory illnesses in early childhood.

We examined the relationship between patterns of mild lower respiratory illness (LRI) experienced in early childhood and lung function in 89 boys and 70 girls 6 to 18 yr of age. The children's histories of outpatient visits for wheezing and nonwheezing LRI during the first 6 yr of life had been documented by physicians in a single pediatric practice. Most children were reported by their parents to have been free of recurrent respiratory symptoms during the 2 yr prior to lung function testing. In sex-specific analyses, average lung function assessed by spirometry was similar in children who had made zero or one physician visit for wheezing LRI during the preschool years. Boys who had experienced two or more episodes of wheezing LRI during the preschool years had lower average FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75, Vmax50, and Vmax75 than did boys who had zero or one preschool wheezing illness. The association between recurrent preschool wheezing LRI and later lung function remained after exclusion of data from seven boys who were reported to have wheezed in the 2 yr prior to study. Girls who had experienced two or more preschool wheezing LRI had lower average FEF25-75 and Vmax50 than girls with a history of zero or one such illness, but differences were not statistically significant. Recurrent nonwheezing LRI during the preschool years was not significantly associated with subsequent lung function in either sex, regardless of preschool wheezing LRI history. Detailed information concerning early childhood LRI experience is valuable in epidemiologic studies of factors influencing lung function in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Variational chronoreflexometric evaluation of the central nervous system functions in elementary school children with mental retardation].

Parameters of variational chronoreflexometry variation curve of distribution were shown to correlate with the level of mental development in mentally retarded children. The borderline values of the CNS function condition's criteria were determined for both normal children and those mentally retarded. A feasibility of assessing the interhemisphere functional asymmetry by means o this particular method, was shown.

Central Nervous System↗
PubMed2001

Poor school and cognitive functioning with silent cerebral infarcts and sickle cell disease.

The authors evaluated education attainment and neuropsychological deficits in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and silent cerebral infarcts. Children with silent infarcts had twice the rate of school difficulties as children without infarcts. Eighty percent of silent infarct cases had clinically significant cognitive deficits, whereas 35% had deficits in academic skills. Children with silent cerebral infarcts show high rates of poor educational attainment, cognitive deficits, and frontal lobe injury. Poor school performance in SCD is one indicator of silent infarcts.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ventilatory lung function tests in school children of 6-13 years.

Spirometry was performed in 186 healthy school children, 6-13 years of age, selected from urban population of Rohtak city (India), to derive the regression equation for prediction of normal value of ventilatory lung function in this age group. Values of lung functions in the present study are well comparable to other North Indian studies and Western reports, but higher than the South Indian children. Lung functions have shown better linear correlation with age and height as compared to weight. Comparison of ventilatory function tests in boys and girls showed statistically higher FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEF25% and MVV in boys, while FEF50% FEF75% and FEF75-85% were statistically higher in girls in different age groups. No specific pattern of variation in lung function tests was observed with sex. Regression equations for different ventilatory functions have been derived for either sex with the best possible combination of physical parameters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Short-term variations in oscillatory and spirometric lung function indices among school children.

The aim of this study was to compare immediate, daily and weekly variation in respiratory resistance measured by means of the forced oscillation technique (Rrs,FOT) to spirometric indices in 7-12 year old children with chronic respiratory symptoms. The lung function measurements were performed in 19 children on 4 days, i.e. two consecutive days during two consecutive weeks. On each day, the measurements were carried out at the same time of day and always repeated three times. In addition, Rrs,FOT and spirometric lung function indices were compared with an exercise challenge test in 12 children. Intrasubject coefficients of variation (CoVs) for Rrs,FOT were larger than those for spirometric indices. Only in the immediately repeated measurements was the CoV of maximal expiratory flow at 25% vital capacity larger than that of Rrs,FOT (16.6 vs 14.9%). At all time intervals, the smallest CoVs were observed in forced vital capacity (FVC) or in the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to FVC (2.0-2.6%). When excluding Rrs,FOT values which were not within 2 SD (0.11 kPa.L-1.s) of the differences between the immediately repeated measurements, the CoV of the immediately repeated measurements of Rrs,FOT was reduced to 9.1%, being smaller than that of maximal mid-expiratory flow (10.1%). However, even then the day-to-day variation in Rrs,FOT was clearly larger (16.0%) than those of the airflow indices at specified lung volumes (7.2-8.3%). This was also true for the weekly variation. In the exercise challenge test, there were larger changes in Rrs,FOT values than in the spirometric indices, but Rrs,FOT was the most sensitive index to detect changes in the respiratory system. In conclusion, the variation in Rrs,FOT values was larger than that of most spirometric indices. When a reliability index was applied, the immediate variation in Rrs,FOT values was comparable to those of the airflow indices at specified lung volumes. Rrs,FOT was also the most sensitive index in the exercise challenge test, and therefore it seems to be suitable for detection of short-term functional changes in the respiratory system. However, the relatively low repeatability of Rrs,FOT over days and weeks may limit its applicability to longer-term follow-ups.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1998

The effect of intervention methods on nutritional status and cognitive function of primary school children infected with Ascaris lumbricoides.

The prevalence rate of ascariasis in primary school children in northern Jakarta, Indonesia varies from 60% to 90%. An association between helminthic infection and educational achievement has long been recognized. This study was carried out in the northern part of Jakarta among primary school children 6-8 years of age. Treatment of ascariasis and health education were used as the interventions. Before the interventions, basic data on socioeconomic status, epidemiology, infection with Ascaris lumbricoides, nutritional status, and cognitive function were collected. After the interventions, only data on infection with A. lumbricoides, nutritional status, and cognitive function were collected. The children were divided into five groups. Group I was given an anthelminthic (mebendazole), group II was provided with health education, group III was given an antihelminthic and provided with health education, group IV was given a placebo (controls), and group V consisted of egg-negative children, who also served as controls. Data from 336 students were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Parasitologic examinations showed a mean prevalence rate of 58.4% for A. lumbricoides infection in the pre-intervention children and a mean prevalence rate of 40.6% in the post-intervention children. Concerning nutritional status, approximately 80% of the children showed good scores in the pre- and post-treatment data, and only a small percentage (0.9-16.2%) showed mild or moderate malnutrition. No significant difference was found between the pre- and post-treatment nutritional status. The results of the cognitive test showed that the group treated with mebendazole showed significant improvement in the Colored Progressive Matrices and Coding test. Children also showed an improvement in their learning ability, concentration, and eye-hand coordination after five months of receiving this intervention.

Antinematodal Agents↗
PubMed1994

Comments on functional analysis procedures for school-based behavior problems.

Functional analysis procedures were developed in the 1980s in an effort to determine whether clinicians could identify the function of behavior problems like self-injury and aggression. More recently, several groups of researchers have been attempting to extend that procedure to classroom environments. The following commentary reflects my viewpoint of this transition.

Aggression↗