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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Characteristics of normal labor.

The length of the first and second stages of labor was evaluated in 6991 women with singleton gestations at 37-42 weeks with vertex presentation. All patients delivered spontaneously without the use of oxytocin. Four study groups were created based on parity and whether conduction anesthesia was used. The mean lengths and limits (95th percentile) for the first stage of labor, respectively, were as follows: nulliparas: no anesthesia--8.1 and 16.6 hours, conduction anesthesia--10.2 and 19.0 hours; multiparas: no anesthesia--5.7 and 12.5 hours, conduction anesthesia--7.4 and 14.9 hours. Similar data for the second stage were as follows: nulliparas: no anesthesia--54 and 132 minutes, conduction anesthesia--79 and 185 minutes; multiparas: no anesthesia--19 and 61 minutes, conduction anesthesia--45 and 131 minutes. These statistical parameters are useful for defining when a labor becomes abnormal and intervention should be considered.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗
PubMed1984

Intrapartum to postpartum changes in colloid osmotic pressure.

A study was undertaken to determine the effect of route of delivery on plasma colloid osmotic pressure. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure was measured on admission to the hospital and 8 to 24 hours post partum in 72 patients at term with uncomplicated prenatal histories. Thirty-six patients underwent uncomplicated vaginal deliveries (local anesthesia, 18; conduction anesthesia, 18) and 36 patients had cesarean sections (conduction anesthesia, 18; general anesthesia, 18). The mean (+/- SD) intrapartum colloid osmotic pressure of the overall group was 21.0 +/- 2.1 mm Hg, and it declined significantly (p less than 0.01) to 15.4 +/- 2.1 mm Hg post partum. A comparison of the intrapartum and postpartum reductions in colloid osmotic pressure between patients who underwent vaginal delivery and those who underwent cesarean section revealed no significant differences. Furthermore, the mean reductions in colloid osmotic pressure when all four groups were compared by type of anesthesia were not significantly different. Fifteen patients (20.8%) in the study had a postpartum colloid osmotic pressure of less than 13.6 mm Hg, and five (6.9%) had a postpartum colloid pressure of less than 12.5 mm Hg. Our results indicate that, for normal pregnancy, colloid osmotic pressure is uniformly lowered in the post partum and, in some cases, to levels that have been reported to be dangerously low.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1999

Organization of the sympathetic innervation of the forelimb resistance vessels in the cat.

UNLABELLED: Detailed information on the outflow pathway of sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers to the upper extremity is lacking. We studied the organization of the sympathetic innervation of the forelimb resistance vessels and of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the decerebrated, artificially respirated cat. The distal portion of sectioned individual rami T1-8 and the sympathetic chain immediately caudal to T8 on the right side were electrically stimulated while the right forelimb perfusion pressure (forelimb perfused at constant flow) and heart rate were recorded. Increases in perfusion pressure were evoked by stimulation of T2-8 (maximal response T7: 55 +/- 2.3 mm Hg). Responses were still evoked by stimulation of the sympathetic chain immediately caudal to T8 (44 +/- 15 mm Hg). Increases in heart rate were evoked by the stimulation of more rostral rami (T1-5; maximal response T3: 55.2 +/- 8 bpm). These vasoconstrictor and cardioacceleratory responses were blocked by the cholinergic antagonists hexamethonium and scopolamine. Sectioning of the vertebral nerve and the T1 ramus abolished the vasoconstrictor response. Stimulation of the vertebral nerve and of the proximal portion of the sectioned T1 ramus increased perfusion pressure (69 +/- 9 and 34 +/- 14 mm Hg, respectively), which was unaffected by ganglionic cholinergic block. These data suggest that forelimb resistance vessel control is subserved by sympathetic preganglionic neurons located mainly in the middle to caudal thoracic spinal segments. Some of the postganglionic axons subserving vasomotor function course through the T1 ramus, in addition to the vertebral nerve. IMPLICATIONS: Forelimb vasculature is controlled by sympathetic preganglionic neurons located in middle to caudal thoracic spinal segments and by postganglionic axons carried in the T1 ramus and vertebral nerve. This helps to provide the anatomical substrate of interruption of sympathetic outflow to the upper extremity produced by major conduction anesthesia of the stellate ganglion or spinal cord.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗
PubMed1978

Are current rates of Cesarean justified?

Cesarean section is associated with increased maternal and fetal risks. It should not be done except for direct and positive indications. Current emphasis on early conduction anesthesia, the use of the fetal monitor in low-risk patients, section approach to breech delivery, and overemphasis on tests and roentgenograms contribute to excessive cesarean sections. Aggressive obstetrics is also expensive and compares unfavorably with a more conservative approach.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗
PubMed1988

[Conductive-capsular anesthesia in surgery of long tubular bones of the distal segments of the extremities].

The conductive-capsular anesthesia was used in 31 patients in operations on distal segments of extremities. The anesthesia was achieved by injection of 0.5% solution of novocain which is introduced into muscular capsules of the proximal segment of the extremity between two parallel tourniquets. Effective regional anesthesia took place in all the cases lower than the tourniquet. No complications were noted in the postoperative period.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison of the anti-arrhythmia and local anesthetizing actions of some substances].

A comparison of antiarrhythmic activity of substances (stimulation of the heart with electric current and measuring the duration of the refractory peroid) as against their local anesthetic properties (the eye cornea of the rabbit and the ischiatic nerve of the frog) proved the existence of a close correlation between the ability of substances to abolish arrhythmia, caused by an electric stimulation of the heart, and their capacity to produce a conduction anesthesia in the ischiatic nerve of a decapitated frog.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Optimization of the therapeutic procedure in subcutaneous injuries to the Achilles tendon].

Curative tactics in operative treatment of not fresh and longstanding injuries of the Achilles tendon with biocompatible artificial materials are discussed. Expediency of performing surgical interventions under conditions of conductive anesthesia is noted when using a Z-shaped access. An original operative technique is described. In 16 patients with subcutaneous ruptures of the Achilles tendon who were treated by the proposed curative method the supporting ability of the foot was recovered within 2-3 months after operation.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1977

[Changes in the retinal vessels in mandibular nerve anesthesia. A potential for complications].

Examinations of the eyegrounds were made on thirty subjects after conduction anesthesia with xylocitin of the inferior alveolar nerve as well as on nine subjects after sodium chloride injections in order to determine the effect of mandibular conduction anesthesia on retinal vessels. Retinal vascular widths were measured and arteriovenous indices determined. The subjects were divided into groups according to preexisting general diseases, age, sex, and smoking habits. Retinal vascular changes were determined in dependence on age and smoking habits after injections made into the mandibular foramen, and the manner of origin and the results are discussed with particular reference to data reported in the literature.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗
PubMed1980

[Histomorphologic assessment of the effectiveness of anesthesia during tooth preparation].

The efficacy of conduction anesthesia with 2% solutions of novocain, celnovocain, trimecain, lidocain during the preparation of teeth for metal crowns was studied in experiments on 16 dogs by neurohistological and histochemical examination of the Gasserian and superior cervical ganglions, the nodose ganglion, teeth and pericoronal tissues. It was established that in terms of the degree of anesthesia efficacy increase, the test anesthetics can be arranged as follows: novocain, celnovocain, trimecain, lidocain.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗
PubMed1995

Third trimester POMC disregulation predicts use of anesthesia at vaginal delivery.

In a prospective study, third trimester plasma levels of BE and ACTH were determined in 58 women who delivered vaginally. Peptide regulation was compared between subjects who used conduction anesthesia at delivery and subjects who did not. Third trimester levels of maternal BE and ACTH were significantly related; however, the relationship was significant only in subjects who did not receive conduction anesthesia (n = 24) at delivery. The normal co-release pattern between BE and ACTH in subjects receiving conduction anesthesia (n = 34) during birth was uncoupled. The use of conduction analgesia during vaginal delivery was significantly related to a disregulation index created to quantify the BE-ACTH release pattern. Uncoupled ACTH and BE patterns may result from modified control of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) expression during pregnancy or unique proteolytic processing of POMC, and may alter pain tolerance during delivery.

Adolescent↗