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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity within BAL from macaques exposed to generic coal dusts.

N-acetyl-beta(beta)-D-glucosaminidase is a lysosomal enzyme secreted by alveolar macrophages in response to phagocytosis of particulate material. Alveolar macrophages participate in the degradation and fibrosis of pulmonary tissue that results in pneumoconiosis. Known quantities of four characterized respirable dusts were bronchoscopically placed into the right caudal lung lobe of macaque monkeys. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected from dust-exposed right lung and unexposed left lung of the same individuals at 2-week intervals for 12 weeks after dust instillation. The samples were tested for N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity to determine if the enzyme levels could serve as an indicator of pulmonary injury induced by generic coal dusts when compared to known fibrogenic and nuisance dusts. Installation of generic quartz, anthracite, or TiO2 dusts produced significant elevations of enzyme activity and increased numbers of macrophages in the dust-exposed lobes. Elevations in enzymatic activity and macrophage numbers were greatest in response to generic quartz dust. These results suggest that quantitative levels of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity may be a useful indicator of acute and chronic lung injury following exposure to fibrogenic and nonfibrogenic dusts.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of pneumoconiosis interpretation between Chinese and American readers and classifications.

As a preliminary step in joint Sino-American pneumoconiosis research efforts, a formal chest X-ray pneumoconiosis reading trial was conducted among Chinese and American radiologists. Twelve Chinese readers from different institutions located in south central China used the 1986 Chinese Roentgenodiagnostic Criteria of Pneumoconioses. Three American radiologists, centified as NIOSH "B" readers, used the International Labour Office Classification of Pneumoconioses. The chest X-ray study set consisted of 150 posterior-anterior films. One-half were Chinese X-rays of silica-exposed workers, and the other half were American films of variously exposed workers but primarily coal miners. All readings were done independently. The results showed that the inter-reader variability among the Chinese was similar to that of the American readers, both being in an acceptable range. In addition, there was general agreement between the Chinese and American interpretations. For small opacity profusion, the Chinese readers tended to read slightly more diseases than their American counterparts, although there was exact agreement as to the major category in two-thirds of the films. Agreement for film quality, and pleural disease was less, but was not different from reported variation among American "B" readers. Overall, the results suggest that despite the use of two different classification systems, a valid correspondence exists between the Chinese and American Interpretations, which is suitable for use in epidemiologic research.

Anthracosilicosis↗
PubMed2007

[Charcoal smoke causes bronchial anthracosis and COPD].

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary disease due to inhalation of smoke from open woodfires represents a major health problem in developing countries. Due to increasing migration such patients also present to medical services in Europe. CASE REPORT AND DISCUSSION: An 84-year-old Afghan housewife who never smoked nor has a history of exposure to inorganic dusts, presents with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in association with bronchial anthracosis and stenosis of a bronchus. The complaints are found to be caused by chronic inhalation of smoke from an open woodfire which was used for cooking. The main complaints of "woodsmoke-associated lung disease" are cough und dyspnea with bronchial obstruction. Radiology and bronchoscopy usually reveal changes which are similar to pneumoconiosis of miners but without patients' relevant exposure. There is a frequent association of anthracotic bronchial stenosis and infection with tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: Since patients rarely recognize the risks of woodsmoke inhalation, they hardly report their exposure. Thus, the anamnesis is crucial to establish the right diagnosis and guide the patient to the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Afghanistan↗
PubMed2001

Hepatosplenic antracosilicosis: a rare cause of splenic calcifications.

A case of a 62-year-old man with known longstanding pulmonary antracosilicosis, with associated hepatosplenic antracosilicosis, is presented. A CT scan of the upper abdomen revealed multiple calcifications within the spleen, and to a lesser degree within the subcapsular region of the liver, as well as "egg-shell" calcifications of abdominal lymph nodes, most noticeable at the splenic hilum. Although histopathologically not proven, the similar appearance of the calcified hepatosplenic nodules to the small round calcifications scattered throughout the lungs, as well as the typical "egg-shell" morphology of the calcified abdominal lymph nodes, should raise the suspicion of hepatosplenic antracosilicosis.

Anthracosilicosis↗
PubMed1998

Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities in coal miners from three French regions.

This study investigated whether differences in the prevalence and severity of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) between three coal mines could be related to differences in oxidative stress exposure as evaluated in vivo through red-blood-cell antioxidant enzyme activities. Blood samples were obtained from 229 miners selected according to their occupation and their pneumoconiotic status. The following biomarkers were evaluated: erythrocyte catalase, Cu2+/Zn2+ superoxide dismutase (Cu2+/Zn2+ SOD), and glutathione peroxidase activities. Antioxidant enzyme activities did not differ significantly between the group of surface workers in Lorraine and the group of underground miners without CWP in Lorraine and in the other coal mines. Erythrocyte Cu2+/Zn2+ SOD activity was slightly decreased in the group of active underground miners with simple pneumoconiosis as compared with the group of miners without CWP in Nord/Pas-de-Calais. No effect was seen between retired miners at different stages of CWP. Our findings indicate that differences in the prevalence and severity of CWP do not seem to be related to various oxidative activities of coal dust particles, at least as reflected by measurements of antioxidant enzyme activities in circulating erythrocytes in this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Silicosis and primary Gougerot-Sjögren syndrome].

We report three cases of primary Sjögren's syndrome in silicotic coal miners. All patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for Sjögren's syndrome recently established by the European Community study group. One patient had cryoglobulinemia and polynevritis. Another had Raynaud's phenomenon, arthralgia, purpura and polynevritis. Capillary microscopy was normal in all the three patients. Antinuclear antibodies were detected only in one patient, who had also anti-SSa and anti-SSb antibodies. The prevalence of systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and probably systemic lupus erythematosus is significantly higher after longstanding occupational exposure to silica. On the contrary, any case of Sjögren's syndrome was till now described in the course of pulmonary silicosis. The physiopathological mechanisms of these associations are misunderstood.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Correlation of different types of emphysema in high-resolution computed tomography (HR-CT) with the ILO-classification of coal workers pneumoconiosis].

PURPOSE: The complaints of patients suffering from pneumoconiosis and the decrease in cardio-respiratory function tests are related to the major complications, emphysema or bronchitis, resp. to a lesser degree the complaints are directly influenced by the silicotic process itself. Up to now, no large study has analysed the correlation of different types and severity of emphysema with the ILO-classification of pneumoconiosis in miners. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 104 miners the severity of pneumoconiosis was classified by ILO. By HR-CT the type and severity of emphysema was analysed using a 4-point-scale. The correlation of emphysema with the ILO-classification was tested with Pearson-correlation. RESULTS: The centrolobular emphysema was the dominant type with 59 %, but there was no dependence on the severity of pneumoconiosis. Only the paracicatricial emphysema had a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with the degree of large opacities. On the other hand, the paracicatricial emphysema was only detected in 32 %; under quantitative aspects it was seen to be less common than the centrolobular, the parapleural and the paraseptal emphysema (46 %). There was no significant correlation with the size and distribution of the small opacities and the different types of emphysema. CONCLUSIONS: Only the large opacities had a significant correlation with the appearance of paracicatricial emphysema. The other types of emphysema, especially, the dominant centrolobular type had no obvious association with pneumoconiosis. The multifactoral genesis of emphysema has to be taken into account.

Adult↗