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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Adding hetastarch to the adult cardiopulmonary bypass prime does not affect patient outcomes.

Hespan (hetastarch), a synthetic colloid, is often used in priming cardiopulmonary bypass circuits. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of adding hetastarch to the prime compared to adding no hetastarch. Twenty-four adult patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass received Hespan in the prime, while twenty-nine patients did not. Outcomes were compared using paired t-test, analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, and descriptive statistics, where p < 0.05 was considered significant. There were no significant differences in change in lung compliance, weight gain, time on the ventilator, or length of stay in the intensive care unit. Adding colloids to the adult CPB prime does not improve patient outcomes over priming exclusively with crystalloids.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed2003

Building bridges with clinicians.

Clinical and ancillary staff need and welcome the opportunity to be involved in healthcare financial management. To provide them with the financial tools they need, a group of clinical and nonclinical professionals identified the key components of a curriculum that addressed financial, managerial, and cost accounting, along with training objectives that include understanding cost allocation, trend analysis, and variance analysis.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2004

Emergency department patient satisfaction: examining the role of acuity.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationships between patient acuity, perceived and actual throughput times, and emergency department (ED) patient satisfaction. The authors hypothesized that high-acuity patients would be the most satisfied with their throughput times, as well as the overall ED visit. The authors also expected overall ED satisfaction to be more strongly associated with perceived throughput times compared with actual throughput times, regardless of acuity. METHODS: This was a prospective survey of 1,865 ED patients at a large, inner-city hospital during a one-month period. Data were collected on patient demographics, acuity of patient illness, actual waiting time for evaluation by a physician, and actual overall length of stay. Patient satisfaction with various throughput times (i.e., perceived throughput time) and overall ED visit was assessed by using a seven-point scale (1 = poor, 7 = excellent). Analysis of variance, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and correlations were conducted to explore the hypotheses. RESULTS: Patients with "emergent" acuity perceived their throughput times more favorably and were more satisfied with their overall ED visit compared with "urgent" and "routine" patients (all p < 0.01). Once the effects of perceived throughput time were controlled for by using an ANCOVA, acuity no longer predicted overall ED satisfaction. Correlations showed that overall ED satisfaction was more closely linked to perceived throughput times than to actual throughput times (average r = 0.62 vs. -0.12). CONCLUSIONS: "Emergent" patients are more satisfied than "urgent" and "routine" patients with their ED visits. "Emergent" patients perceived their throughput times more favorably than other patients, especially their wait for physician evaluation. Changing perceptions of throughput times may yield larger improvements in satisfaction than decreasing actual throughput times, regardless of patient acuity.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Comparative efficacy of desferrioxamine, deferiprone and in combination on iron chelation in thalassemic children.

OBJECTIVE: Ascertainment of an appropriate strategy of iron chelation for multi-transfused thalassemic children in developing countries. DESIGN: Prospective study from May 2000 to April 2001. SETTING: Urban tertiary care center. METHODS: Thirty thalassemic children having received more than 20 blood transfusions and a serum ferritin greater than 1500 ng/ml were enrolled and randomized into three groups. Group I received desferrioxamine (DFX) at a dose of 40 mg/kg subcutaneously, 5 days/week. Children in group II received oral deferiprone (L1) at a dose of 75 mg/kg/day daily and group III received a combination of daily L1 at a dose of 75 mg/kg/day and DFX at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day two times per week. The assessment of chelation was done by 24-hr urinary iron excretion (UIE) and measurement of serum ferritin levels at start and after 6 months of follow up. Statistical difference of serum ferritin levels between the three groups was assessed by applying analysis of variance. Analysis of covariance was applied to find out the urinary iron excretion keeping serum ferritin values same in each groups. RESULTS: Ferritin levels after 6 months of intervention were maximally decreased in group I. There was a significant difference between groups I and II however, no difference was noted between groups I and group III. There was no statistically significant difference in mean urinary iron excretion by keeping the initial serum ferritin levels equal though it was found to be more in group III as compared to other groups. CONCLUSIONS: DFX is the most effective chelating drug in iron overloaded multi-transfused thalassemic patients. In view of cost and unacceptability of daily DFX injections, combination therapy is an effective method of chelation thus increasing the compliance and cost effectiveness. Deferiprone (L1) alone is not an effective mode of chelation when used for a short period.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed2004

[Has the Oslo96 reform brought changes in student satisfaction and study behaviour?].

BACKGROUND: In 1996 the medical school of the University of Oslo introduced a new pedagogical model. The new scheme was more interactive, and partly based on a problem-based learning approach. METHOD: We used a questionnaire survey which is part of a broader study of how Norwegian professional education prepares for work. A class of medical students studying under the new scheme is compared to a class studying under the old model, as well as a class from another Norwegian medical school, that of the University of Bergen. Median values on seven-point scales are used in the comparison, as well as factor analysis with variance analysis of the factor scores. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 76%. Students studying under the new Oslo approach were more satisfied and reported more active learning strategies. They were less curriculum-oriented and used the library more often. INTERPRETATION: Some of the goals of the Oslo reform seem to have been reached. It remains to be seen whether this effect will last.

Curriculum↗
PubMed2004

[Evaluation of the clinical benefit of Permixon and tamsulosin in severe BPH patients--PERMAL study subset analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of the lipido-sterolic extract of Serenoa repens, Permixon, to that of the a-blocker, tamsulosin, in the treatment of severe low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: In a 12-month, double-blind, randomized study that showed equivalent efficacy of Permixon 320 mg/day and tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day ("PERMAL study"), 685 BPH patients with IPSS > 10 had been analyzed for efficacy. Of these, the 124 patients with severe LUTS (IPSS > 19) at randomization were retained for this subset analysis. After a 4-week run-in period, 59 and 65 patients had been randomized to tamsulosin and Permixon groups, respectively. Both treatment groups were compared regarding the evolution from baseline of total IPSS and its irritative and obstructive subscores. LUTS-related QpL, prostate volume, Qmax and MSF-4 (sexual activity questionnaire) at different time points over 1 year An analysis of variance of changes from baseline to end point was performed for all the parameters. The over-time evolutions of total, irritative and obstructive IPSS were further compared using a variance analysis for repeated measurements. RESULTS: At 12 months, total IPSS decreased by 7.8 with Permixon and 5.8 with tamsulosin (p = 0.051); the irritative symptoms improved significantly more (p = 0.049) with Permixon (- 2.9 versus - 1.9 with tamsulosin). The superiority of Permixon in reducing irritative symptoms appeared as soon as month 3 and was maintained up to month 12 (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Permixon 320 mg/day was shown to be slightly superior to tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day in reducing LUTS in severe BPH patients after 3 months and up to 12 months of treatment.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

The stability of individual patterns of autonomic responses to motion sickness stimulation.

As part of a program to develop a treatment for motion sickness based on self-regulation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, this study examined the stability of an individual's pattern of ANS responses to motion sickness stimulation on repeated occasions. Motion sickness symptoms were induced in 58 people during 2 rotating chair tests. Physiological responses measured were heart rate, finger pulse volume, respiration rate, and skin conductance. Using standard scores, we examined stability of responses of specific magnitudes across both tests. Correlational analyses, analysis of variance, and a components of variance analysis all revealed marked, but quite stable, individual differences in ANS responses to both mild and severe motion sickness. These findings confirm our prior observation that people are sufficiently unique in their ANS responses to motion sickness provocation to make it necessary to individually tailor self-regulation training. Further, these data support our contention that individual ANS patterns are sufficiently consistent from test to test so as to serve as an objective indicator of individual motion sickness malaise levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Refractoriness after hyperventilation-induced asthma.

It is still debated as to whether the bronchospasm induced by hyperpnoea in asthmatic subjects is followed by a period of refractoriness to a subsequent challenge. We studied, therefore, the effect of repeated challenges with eucapnic hyperpnoea in asthmatic subjects and compared it to that in normal subjects. Ten normal and 34 asthmatic subjects were challenged twice with a steady isocapnic hyperventilation (25 l X min-1 X m-2 BSA for 6 min) of dry air at room temperature. The interval between challenges was 30 min in the normal subjects and was 30-60 min in asthmatic subjects to allow for full recovery of FEV1 before the second challenge. In the normal subjects, neither the first nor the second challenge caused a detectable change in FEV1. In the asthmatic subjects, the fall in FEV1 was on average less marked at 5, 8 and 10 min after the second challenge than after the first one (p less than 0.05 by analysis of variance). Analysis of data from individuals showed partial to full refractoriness in 14 of the 34 subjects. In no instance was the fall in FEV1 significantly greater after the second challenge than after the first one. Thirteen other asthmatic subjects were challenged twice at a 30-60 min interval with stepwise increases in ventilation of dry air at room temperature until wheezing or chest tightness occurred or a ventilation of 50 l X min-1 X m-2 BSA was reached.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Optimization of the preparing process for sinitang drop pills by orthogonal test].

The preparing process for Sinitang drop pills was optimized by orthogonal test. The results from nine experiments were subjected with three indexes to objective analysis and variance analysis, and an optimum preparing process for Sinitang drop pills was sieved out. The quality of the drop pills prepared in this way was examined to be up to the standard.

Dosage Forms↗
PubMed1996

[Reproducibility of computer-assisted mouth occlusion pressure measurements].

BACKGROUND: The measurement of mouth occlusion pressure is an easy method to assess respiratory drive and muscle function. Lately there is a variety of computer assisted programmes, but their precision is discussed controversially. In this study we analysed the repeatability of measurements of mouth occlusion pressures performed by a computer assisted measurement unit. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined maximal inspiratory mouth occlusion pressure (PI(max)), mouth occlusion pressure 100 ms after onset of inspiration (PO.1) and PI(max) after 100 ms (PO.1(max)) of 32 patients with COPD. Subjects were divided into group A (normal blood gas pressures) and group B (hypercapnia due to alveolar hypoventilation). Controls (K) consisted of 22 healthy men. Criteria for repeatability were analysis of variance, intraindividual standard deviation of the mean and the variation coefficient of 5 consecutive measurements. RESULTS: Controls produced the highest values for PI(max) and the lowest ones for PO, 1. Intraindividual standard deviation was small as well as the variation coefficient; we found no statistically significant differences. Compared with controls in group A PI(max) values were markedly reduced with elevated PO.1 values. Intraindividual standard deviation and variation coefficient were low, differences not significant. We observed similar results for group B, variance analysis showed no significant differences, deviation around the mean was small. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a high repeatability of measurements of mouth occlusion pressures. Especially patients with severe COPD and alveolar hyperventilation are able to produce valid and reliable test results.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Analysis of variance frameworks in clinical child and adolescent psychology: issues and recommendations.

Reviewed existing practices of factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA), a major analytic tool used in clinical child and adolescent psychology, in the Journal of Clinical Child Psychology (JCCP) and noted several suboptimal strategies. Issues surrounding the analysis of multiple outcome variables, omnibus F tests, and single degree of freedom contrasts, simple main effects analysis, and single degree of freedom interaction contrasts were considered and recommendations were made about analytic strategies. Among the practices questioned were the use of multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) as a means of controlling Type I errors across multiple outcome variables and the use of simple main effects analysis to elucidate the nature of interaction effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A computer program using a nested analysis of variance in morphometric sampling.

The quality of the sample set is absolutely essential in a morphometric analysis. In this paper a computer program is described which uses a nested analysis of variance in defining the sample. The program denotes those levels of the sampling protocol at which additional sampling should be performed to reduce the variance within the sample set. Furthermore, the program is written for use on a microcomputer which allows it to be used routinely in monitoring a sample set.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

Multivariate variance-components analysis of longitudinal blood pressure measurements from the Framingham Heart Study.

Multivariate variance-components analysis provides several advantages over univariate analysis when studying correlated traits. It can test for pleiotropy or (in the longitudinal context) gene x age interaction. It can also have more power than univariate analyses to detect a quantitative trait locus influencing several traits. We apply multivariate variance components to longitudinal systolic blood pressure data from the Framingham Heart Study. We find evidence for a polygenic influence on blood pressure (heritabilities at different ages range from 27% to 38%). Tests based on a factor-analytic parameterization of the polygenic variance find significant (p < 2 x 10(-3)) evidence that different genes affect blood pressure at different ages. Still, estimates for the proportion of polygenic variance due to shared genes ran as high as 85% for some trait pairs. Univariate and multivariate linkage analyses replicate previous linkage results on chromosome 17 (maximum LOD scores of 2.2 and 2.4, respectively). In this study, multivariate analysis provides no increase in power; this is likely due to the strong positive correlation in systolic blood pressure measured at different ages.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Applications of multi-variate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to multi-electrode array electrophysiology data.

We have developed an adaptation of multi-variate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to analyze statistically both local and global patterns of multi-electrode array (MEA) electrophysiology data where the activities of many (typically >100) neurons have been recorded simultaneously. Whereas simple application of standard MANOVA techniques prohibits extraction of useful information in this kind of data, our new approach, MEANOVA (=MEA+MANOVA), allows a more useful and powerful approach to analyze such complex neurophysiological data. The MEANOVA test enables the detection of the "hot-spots" in the MEA data and has been validated using recordings from the rat olfactory bulb. To further validate the power of this approach, we have also applied the MEANOVA test to data obtained from a simple computational network model. This MEANOVA software and other useful statistical methods for MEA data can be downloaded from http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Users/pmh20

Algorithms↗