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Results for “BACTEROIDES INFECTIONS”

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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Single dose metronidazole prophylaxis in gynaecological surgery.

A double blind study of 200 patients was undertaken to evaluate the prophylactic effect of 2g metronidazole rectal suppositories given prior to major gynaecological surgery. The patients receiving metronidazole were found to have a significant reduction in the quantity of postoperative pyrexia as assessed by the fever index. Metronidazole prophylaxis was associated with a dramatic reduction from 18 percent to 1 percent of major postoperative wound and pelvic infections. Four patients in the study developed proven Bacteroides infections, all were in the placebo group.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of anaerobic infections: an overview.

Increasing resistance on the part of anaerobes to several antimicrobial agents has been a problem in recent years. Mechanisms of resistance include production of inactivating enzymes such as beta-lactamases, plasmid-mediated transferable resistance and failure of the drug to penetrate the bacterial cell. Fortunately, availability of several new agents permits us to treat anaerobic infections effectively. However, it is now desirable to do routine in vitro susceptibility testing of anaerobes, especially in seriously ill patients. Newly introduced drugs and others still undergoing study are compared with the standard agents.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

Protective immunization against experimental Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) gingivalis infection.

The effects of immunization in modulating the pathogenesis of Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) gingivalis infection in a murine model system were examined. BALB/c mice were immunized by intraperitoneal injection with B. gingivalis ATCC 53977 (one injection per week for 3 weeks), or with a lithium diiodosalicylate (LIS) extract (one injection per week for 3 weeks), or with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; one intravenous or intraperitoneal injection) from this same strain. Two weeks after the final immunization, the mice were challenged by subcutaneous injection of B. gingivalis ATCC 53977. Mice immunized with bacteria had no secondary lesions and no septicemia, whereas mice immunized with LIS extract had few secondary lesions and no septicemia. Mice immunized with LPS and nonimmunized mice demonstrated secondary abdominal lesions and septicemia after challenge. Bacterial cells and LIS extract, but not LPS, induced serum antibody and antigen reactive lymphocytes, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblot, Western immunoblot transfer, and in vitro lymphoproliferative responses. The present study suggests that immunization with a LIS extract or whole cells may induce a protective response against experimental B. gingivalis infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Vaginal mesh infection due to Bacteroides melaninogenicus: a case report of another emerging foreign body related infection.

We present a case of a 29-y-old woman with rectocele, cystocele, and uterine prolapse who developed a vaginal infection after the placement of a macroporous polypropylene vaginal mesh. Bacteroides melaninogenicus was isolated from the area of the infection. The exposed parts of the mesh were removed and she received treatment with metronidazole and doxycycline. No recurrence of the infection was noted during 12 months of follow-up. However, the patient continued to avoid intercourse due to severe dyspareunia. Vaginal mesh-related infections represent an emerging type of infection that may complicate reconstructive surgery in patients with pelvic organ prolapse.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Beta-lactam resistance in anaerobic bacteria: a review.

The majority of the human microflora consists of anaerobic bacteria. Normally these bacteria have low pathogenicity, but under certain conditions, such as destruction of tissues and poor circulation or impaired host defense, they may cause serious infections. Bacteroides species are the most frequently isolated microorganisms from suppurative anaerobic infections and they have the broadest spectrum of resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents. Resistance to antimicrobial agents is an increasing problem, especially to beta-lactam compounds. Multiresistant clinical isolates, resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics as well as other antimicrobial agents used in the treatment and prophylaxis of anaerobic infections are now occurring. Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics is usually mediated by beta-lactamase production. A few isolates of Bacteroides fragilis are producing metallo-beta-lactamases which are capable of hydrolyzing beta-lactamase stable compounds such as cefoxitin and imipenem. The enzyme activity in metallo-beta-lactamases is not affected by the clinically used beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam. Other resistance mechanisms are alterations in the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) or a decreased permeability through the outer membrane. Beta-lactam resistance and beta-lactamase production have also been detected in some species of clostridia, fusobacteria, Prevotella, Porphyromonas and in some other anaerobic bacteria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

Method for isolation of Bacteroides bacteriophage host strains suitable for tracking sources of fecal pollution in water.

Bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides are potentially a good tool for fecal source tracking, but different Bacteroides host strains are needed for different geographic areas. A feasible method for isolating Bacteroides host strains for phages present in human fecal material is described. Useful strains were identified for application in Spain and the United Kingdom. One strain, GA-17, identified as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, was tested in several locations in Europe with excellent performance in Southern Europe.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1980

Anaerobic urinary tract infection owing to Bacteroides fragilis in a chronic hemodialysis patient.

A chronic maintenance hemodialysis patient with severe oliguria and persistent anaerobic urinary tract infection owing to Bacteroides fragilis is presented. Review of the literature shows that the incidence of anaerobic pathogens in random urine cultures is high but that the incidence of clinically significant infection is low. Since the urethra harbors anaerobic organisms suprapubic aspiration of urine and culture are indicated to confirm true anaerobic urinary tract infection. Anaerobic infections are associated with urinary tract abnormalities and pyuria. The various therapeutic maneuvers that were used to treat the infection are discussed, including antibiotic instillation into the bladder and nephrectomy.

Bacteroides Infections↗
PubMed1994

Effect of distance from the polluting focus on relative concentrations of Bacteroides fragilis phages and coliphages in mussels.

Concentrations of fecal bacteria, somatic and F-specific coliphages, and phages infecting Bacteroides fragilis in naturally occurring black mussels (Mytilus edulis) were determined. Mussels were collected over a 7-month period at four sampling sites with different levels of fecal pollution. Concentrations of both fecal bacteria and bacteriophages in mussel meat paralleled the concentration of fecal bacteria in the overlying waters. Mussels bioaccumulated efficiently, although with different efficiencies, all of the microorganisms studied. Ratios comparing the levels of microorganisms in mussels were determined. These ratios changed in mussels collected at the different sites. They suggest that bacteriophages infecting B. fragilis and somatic coliphages have the lowest decay rates among the microorganisms studied, with the exception of Clostridium perfringens. On the contrary, concentrations of F-specific coliphages showed a greater rate of decay than the other bacteriophages at sites more distant from the focus of contamination. Additionally, levels of enteroviruses were studied in a number of samples, and in these samples, the B. fragilis bacteriophages clearly outnumbered the enteroviruses. The results of this study indicate that, under the environmental conditions studied, the fate of phages infecting B. fragilis released into the marine environment resembles that of human viruses more than any other microorganism examined.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in posthysterectomy infection.

We report a patient with clinically significant vaginal posthysterectomy infection due to Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. The microorganism isolated from the vaginal cuff abscess was beta-lactamase producer and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern showed its resistance to piperacillin-tazobactam and cefoxitin, while the susceptibility to amoxicillin associated with clavulanic acid, metronidazole, and the newer fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin was confirmed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1995

Simple concentration method for bacteriophages of Bacteroides fragilis in drinking water.

A membrane of inorganic material with a honeycomb pore structure was used to concentrate phages infecting Bacteroides fragilis from drinking water. Phages were removed from the membrane with 0.25 M glycine buffer pH 9.5. Phages were not inactivated by storage in this buffer neutralized to pH 7.0 for at least 9 days at 4 degrees C. The method allows recovery of around 50% in drinking water. When the turbidity of the water increased, the efficiency of the concentration decreased markedly. The efficiency of concentration was evaluated versus a presence/absence test in 317 water samples with turbidity level below the threshold of drinking water. Results obtained by concentration of 11 provided data which were significantly more informative than the presence/absence tests carried out on 100 ml. A number of additional tests carried out with both somatic and F-specific coliphages indicated that these conclusions can be extended to these groups of bacteriophages.

Bacteriophages↗