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PubMed1978

[The levels of various mineral substances in the blood plasma of bovine fetuses and their mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy].

The levels of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chlorides in the blood plasma, and the osmolality of the plasma, were determined in bovine foetuses (n = 20) and the dams (n = 20) in the third trimester of gravidity. The cows of the Bohemian Spotted breed were 2.5 to 7 years old. The foetuses were taken from the uterus by the Caesarean section with local anaesthesia. The foetuses were of both sexes (nfemale = 12, n male = 8). Only the level of total calcium and inorganic phosphorus in the blood plasma was much higher in the foetuses than in the dams and this difference was highly significant. The levels of other minerals showed no statistically significant differences in the two categories of animals tested. The osmolality of the blood plasma of the foetuses was almost the same as in the cows. The higher calcaemia and phosphoraemia of the foetuses ensues from the function of osteotrophic minerals in the process of quick growth and ossification in the third trimester of intrauterine life. The closeness of the levels of sodium, potassium and chlorides as well as the very similar osmolality of the blood plasma in the foetuses and the dams prove the "stability" of the dynamic balance of these parameters between the foetus and the dam in the internal environment of the womb.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A radioenzymatic method for determination of normetanephrine in blood plasma.

A radioenzymatic assay for determination of normetanephrine in blood plasma is described. It was based on N-methylation of normetanephrine by phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase using S-adenosyl[methyl-3]methionine as the methyl donor. 2981 +/- 85 cpm (mean +/- s mean, n = 32) were obtained from 1 ng normetanephrine. Blank values corresponded to 27 +/- 3 pg (n = 7). Normetanephrine levels measured in the blood plasma of 12 persons ranged from 1.3 to 9.6 ng/ml.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Utilization of the bone/liver alkaline phosphatase activity ratio in blood plasma as an indicator of ascorbate deficiency in salmonid fish.

The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that the ratio of liver to bone alkaline phosphatase in blood plasma reflects the ascorbate status in scurvy-prone teleost fish (rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss]). The studies focused on finding a method for distinguishing bone alkaline phosphatase present in blood plasma from other alkaline phosphatase isoforms. We tested temperature optima and thermostability of liver, kidney, gill cartilage, and intestinal alkaline phosphatases. We did not observe differences among liver, bone, and kidney enzymes with respect to temperature optima and thermostability. We partially purified alkaline phosphatase from juvenile rainbow trout vertebrae and liver using n-butanol solubilization and ammonium sulfate fractionation. We found a difference between bone alkaline phosphatase, which precipitated in 0%-20% ammonium sulfate saturation, and liver enzyme, which required 40%-50% ammonium sulfate saturation to precipitation. We conducted a series of urea inactivation studies on partially purified enzymes from liver and vertebrae. Urea differentially inhibited the enzymes with t 1/2 = 1.1 and 0.4 min, for bone and liver, respectively. Subsequently, we subjected blood plasma alkaline phosphatase to urea inhibition, and using regression analysis we calculated the ratio of liver to bone alkaline phosphatase. We found that thus obtained ratios of bone enzyme in blood plasma correlated with liver ascorbate concentration. Bone alkaline phosphatase declined in ascorbate deficiency 10-fold, whereas low ascorbate status resulted in a 3.5-fold decrease. In order to draw a general conclusion on the linearity of the response of blood plasma/bone alkaline phosphatase as an indicator of ascorbate deficiency in fish, further studies must include analysis of individual fish followed in the process of developing avitaminosis.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Structure of low-molecular DNA in the blood plasma of irradiated rats].

Low-molecular DNA in blood plasma of rats appeared after gamma-irradiation in a dose 8-100 Gy. This DNA has been cloned and the 26 clones have been sequenced. The search for sequence similarity between the designated sequences and sequences in EMBL allowed the three homology to LINE 3 sequences to be found. The differences in the structure of low-molecular DNAs extracted from rat blood plasma after irradiation of rats in doses 8 and 100 Gy were not found.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Determination of trans-beta-carotene and other carotenoids in blood plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography and thermal lens detection.

Thermal lens spectrometry (TLS) was applied for the detection of beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, and lycopen in blood plasma. This combined high-performance liquid chromatography-TLS (HPLC-TLS) method was validated by comparison with HPLC-UV-Vis analysis of blood plasma under identical chromatographic conditions and by comparing the results obtained from an independent, standard HPLC procedure for determination of carotenoids in blood plasma samples. The results demonstrated good agreement with the target values for carotenoids in an in-laboratory control sample and confirmed the accuracy of the HPLC-TLS technique. Limits of detection for blood plasma samples were 70 pg/ml for beta-cryptoxanthin, 85 pg/ml for alpha-carotene, 100 pg/ml for trans-beta-carotene, and 120 pg/ml for lycopen. This represents a 100-fold improvement compared to the HPLC analysis with UV-Vis detection.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed2005

VanabinP, a novel vanadium-binding protein in the blood plasma of an ascidian, Ascidia sydneiensis samea.

Some ascidians accumulate high levels of the transition metal vanadium in their blood cells. The process of vanadium accumulation has not yet been elucidated. In this report, we describe the isolation and cDNA cloning of a novel vanadium-binding protein, designated as VanabinP, from the blood plasma of the vanadium-rich ascidian, Ascidia sydneiensis samea. The predicted amino acid sequence of VanabinP was highly conserved and similar to those of other Vanabins. The N-terminus of the mature form of VanabinP was rich in basic amino acid residues. VanabinP cDNA was originally isolated from blood cells, as were the other four Vanabins. However, Western blot analysis revealed that the VanabinP protein was localized to the blood plasma and was not detectable in blood cells. RT-PCR analysis and in situ hybridization indicated that the VanabinP gene was transcribed in some cell types localized to peripheral connective tissues of the alimentary canal, muscle, blood cells, and a portion of the branchial sac. Recombinant VanabinP bound a maximum of 13 vanadium(IV) ions per molecule with a Kd of 2.8 x 10(-5) M. These results suggest that VanabinP is produced in several types of cell, including blood cells, and is immediately secreted into the blood plasma where it functions as a vanadium(IV) carrier.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

The effect of Plasmodium falciparum malaria on HIV-1 RNA blood plasma concentration.

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to determine the relative effect of malaria infection on HIV concentration in blood plasma, and prospectively to monitor viral concentrations after antimalarial therapy. DESIGN: A prospective, double cohort study was designed to compare the blood HIV-1 RNA concentrations of HIV-positive individuals with and without acute malaria illness. Subjects were followed for 4 weeks after successful malaria therapy, or for 4 weeks from enrollment (controls). METHODS: Malawian adults with symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia (malaria group) and asymptomatic, aparasitemic blood donors (control group) were tested for HIV-1 antibodies to identify appropriate study groups. The malaria group received antimalarial chemotherapy only and were followed with sequential blood films. In both groups, blood plasma HIV-1 RNA viral concentrations were determined at enrollment and again at 1, 2 and 4 weeks. RESULTS: Forty-seven malaria patients and 42 blood donors were enrolled. At enrollment blood plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations were approximately sevenfold higher in patients with malaria than in blood donors (medians 15.1 x 10(4) and 2.24 x 10(4) copies/ml, respectively, P = 0.0001). No significant changes in median HIV-1 concentrations occurred in the 21 blood donors followed to week 4 (P = 0.68). In the 27 subjects successfully treated for malaria who were followed to week 4, a reduction in plasma HIV-1 RNA was observed from a median of 19.1 x 10(4) RNA copies/ml at enrollment, to 12.0 x 10(4) copies/ml at week 4, (P = 0.02). Plasma HIV-1 concentrations remained higher in malaria patients than controls (median 12.0 x 10(4) compared with 4.17 x 10(4) copies/ml, P = 0.086). CONCLUSIONS: HIV-1 blood viral burden is higher in patients with P. falciparum malaria than in controls and this viral burden can, in some patients, be partly reduced with antimalarial therapy.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2005

[Comparative study 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferols and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferols effect on ionized calcium level in blood plasma of patients with osteoporosis].

Comparative study results of vitamin's D active metabolites 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25(OH)2D3) effect on ionised calcium level in blood plasma of patients with postmenopause osteoporosis are described. Administration of 24,25(OH)2D3 for patients with osteoporosis leads to gradual stepped increase of ionised calcium level in blood plasma. This level remains normal and does not change in 2 weeks after cancelling of drug administration. Prescription of 1,25(OH)2D3 rapidly increases ionised calcium level in blood plasma and it's cancelling leads to normalisation of ionized calcium concentration in blood plasma during 1 week. Combination of two medicines causes summation of their effects. Administration of 24,25(OH)2D3 (10 mcg per 24 hours) and 1,25(OH)2D3 (0.5 mcg per 24 hours) doesn't cause any of incidental and allergic reactions.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Correction of disorders of tissue perfusion in surgical patients in critical conditions and their evaluation by changes in the indices of the acid-soluble fractions of blood plasma].

Rheopolyglucin infusion and vasodilation therapy with droperidol have been performed in 16 critically ill surgical patients with low O2 tissue utilization with the aim in view to assess tissue perfusion disturbances and normalize peripheral blood flow. Basic central hemodynamic parameters and oxygen transport system parameters have been determined. Using gel filtration, acid-soluble blood plasma fractions have been studied spectrophotometrically. Despite the fact that rheopolyglucin infusion caused an increase in oxygen flow index (OFI) at the expense of cardiac index (CI) growth, O2 extraction remained practically unchanged. Vasodilation therapy, with slight changes of CI and OFI, caused an increase in O2 consumption and arterio venous difference, as well as a reduction of mixed venous blood pO2, this accompanied by an increase in acid-soluble blood plasma fractions, especially second fraction at 255 nm. A direct correlation has been established between basic oxygen transport system parameters, characterizing O2 tissue utilization and changes of acid-soluble blood plasma fractions parameters. The changes in acid-soluble blood plasma fractions parameters may serve one of the criteria characterizing the efficacy of procedures aimed at the improvement of tissue perfusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Seasonal variation in the concentration of vitamins A and E in the blood plasma of fat-tailed sheep.

Six non-pregnant ewes and 6 rams (age: 3-4 years) of an Iranian fat-tailed sheep breed (Shal) were used. Blood samples were collected monthly for 12 months, and the concentrations of retinol and alpha-tocopherol were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A limited ration of standard composition was fed throughout the year. The ration was supplemented with 25-32 IU alpha-tocopherol/animal/day. Vitamin A concentrations in the blood plasma of ewes were lower in the spring (442 +/- 9 micrograms/L) and summer (452 +/- 7 micrograms/L) and higher in the autumn (467 +/- 5 micrograms/L). In the rams, the plasma concentration of vitamin A was the lowest in the spring (436 +/- 6 micrograms/L) and the highest in the summer (471 +/- 5 micrograms/L). A seasonal comparison did not show statistical differences between consecutive seasons for the ewes (P > 0.05). The differences were significant between winter and spring (P < 0.05) and spring and summer (P < 0.001) for the rams. The blood plasma concentration of vitamin E was 1.21 +/- 0.05, 1.04 +/- 0.05, 1.24 +/- 0.05 and 1.24 +/- 0.08, mg/L in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, for the ewes and 1.24 +/- 0.05, 1.11 +/- 0.06, 1.09 +/- 0.04 and 1.38 +/- 0.07 mg/L in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, for the rams. The values were significantly different between spring and summer (P < 0.05) and summer and autumn (P < 0.01) for the ewes. In rams, the values obtained in autumn also showed a significant difference (P < 0.001) from those found in winter. Differences between values found in other seasons were not significant (P > 0.05). The retinol and alpha-tocopherol concentrations of the blood plasma were highly similar in the two sexes. The concentrations of retinol in the summer (P < 0.01) and alpha-tocopherol in the autumn (P < 0.05) showed significant differences between the two sexes. The results show that the concentrations of vitamins A and E are relatively constant in the blood plasma of fat-tailed sheep kept on a standardised feed. However, some differences due to the influence of season and sex were observed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

[The content of Hb in blood and the protein, Fe, Fe-binding capacity, Cu and Zn in blood plasma of low parity sows before and after oral iron administration].

In investigations of 51 pregnant sows, blood Hb levels above 7.45 mmol/l (mean value of 8.94 +/- 0.88) were recorded from 43 animals (Group A), while levels below that margin were recorded from eight (Group B) (mean value of 6.73 +/- 0.31). Iron levels in blood plasma of Group A were 36.9 +/- 8.07 and were thus higher (p less than 0.01) than those in Group B (28.9 +/- 5.19 mumol/l). No difference was found to exist between the two groups with regard to iron fixation capacity as well as copper and zinc in blood plasma. Oral uptake of 50, 500 or 2,000 mg of iron in the form of FeSO4.7H2O with cereal shred as morning ration by 17 or 15 sows failed to cause any increase in blood plasma iron levels, within 360 minutes from uptake. Literature data as well as the results of these analyses have supported the recommendation that Hb variations between 4.96 and 9.93 mmol/l (8-16 g/dl) should be rated as physiological in the blood of pregnant sows. The GDR Standard TGL 35,423 on "Monitoring of Metabolism on Pig Breeding and Fattening Units" should be accordingly amended.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and vitamin C levels in whole blood, plasma, and gastric juice, and the pH of gastric juice in Korean children.

BACKGROUND: It is well known that chronic gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori may be associated with hypochlorhydria and may also be accompanied by low levels of vitamin C in plasma and gastric juice in adults. This study investigates the relationship between H. pylori infection and vitamin C levels in the blood, plasma and gastric juice and the gastric juice pH of Korean children. METHODS: During a 5-year period, multiple gastric antral biopsies were taken from 452 children who underwent gastroduodenoscopy. The biopsy specimen was inoculated into phenol red buffered urea broth and incubated for 48 hours to detect color changes. The histopathologic findings were evaluated using the Sydney System. Concentrations of vitamin C in whole blood, plasma, and gastric juice aspirate were measured using the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method. RESULTS: Four hundred fifty-two patients (228 boys, 224 girls) aged 1 to 15 years were enrolled in this study. H. pylori was detected in 112 patients (24.8%) using histology, whereas it was found in 204 patients (45.1%) using the urease test. One hundred seven patients (23.7%) had active gastritis, and 421 patients (93.1%) had chronic gastritis. Vitamin C levels in whole blood, plasma, and gastric juice exhibited significant negative correlation with the age of patients, the histologic density of H. pylori, the degree of active and chronic gastritis, and the severity of H. pylori infection (based on urease positivity and histologic density of H. pylori). Gastric juice pH was correlated with the degree of chronic gastritis and was significantly higher in urease-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate that vitamin C levels in whole blood, plasma, and gastric juice and the gastric juice pH in Korean children are closely related to the severity of H. pylori infection and the histologic changes in the stomach. These data suggest that vitamin C may play a role in determining infection and progression, and vitamin C supplementation may be an important axis for the management of H. pylori infection in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Kinetic properties of blood plasma lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase in persons with hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia].

A study was made of the kinetics of the lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase reaction (LCAT-reaction) according to the substrate, nonesterified cholesterol of high density lipoproteins (HDLP) and of the effect produced by the medium pH and apoprotein E (apo-E) on the rate of the LCAT-reaction in blood plasma of subjects with hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia. HDLP isolated from blood plasma of subjects with hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia were used as substrate. Infranatants obtained from blood plasma of the test subjects after removing all lipoproteins with a density of 1.21 g/ml served as a source of the enzyme. The kinetic curve of the rate of the LCAT-reaction with one or two plateaus was found to be complex in nature; pH 7.4 and 8.0 were found to be optimal for the LCAT-reaction at high and low concentrations of HDLP, respectively. At a low HDLP concentration apo-E had no remarkable effect on the rate of the LCAT-reaction, while at a high HDLP concentration the rate of the LCAT-reaction was increased. It is assumed that more than two isoforms of LCAT are present in blood plasma of subjects with hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Determination of free and conjugated oestrogens in peripheral blood plasma, feces and urine of cattle throughout pregnancy.

In order to further characterize oestrogen production and metabolism during bovine pregnancy, free (f) and conjugated (c) estrone (E1), total free and conjugated oestrogens (tfcOe) and total free oestrogens (tfOe) were determined as marker oestrogens in blood plasma respectively in urine and feces of 10 pregnant cows. For the determination of individual oestrogens blood, urine and feces samples of days 240, 200, 160, 100, 60, 30, 10 and 5 prior to parturition were pooled and the free, sulfo (sc)- and glucuconjugated (gc) forms of E1, 17 beta-estradiol (E2 beta) and 17 alpha-estradiol (E2 alpha) were obtained following differential enzyme hydrolysis and separation by HPLC; hormone assay was by established RIA-procedures. FE1 and cE1 concentration in blood plasma, tfOe in feces and tfcOe in urine showed a similar pattern. A first rise occurred between days 110 and 120 of pregnancy, an additional overproportional rise commenced at around days 230-250. Highest concentrations were measured in feces (tfOe ca. 500 ng/g 1 day a. p.), followed by urine (tfcOe ca. 3.5 ng/mosmol 2 days a. p.) and blood plasma (fE1 ca. 8 nmol/l and cE1 ca. 20 nmol/l 2 days a. p.). Determination of individual oestrogens in blood plasma revealed that fE2 beta and fE2 alpha could only be found 10 days a. p. while the conjugated forms could already be detected on days 100 and 160 a. p. With 62% E1 was the dominant oestrogen, followed by E2 alpha (37%) and E2 beta (1.0%); E1 occurred predominantly as sulfate, E2 alpha and E2 beta predominantly as glucuronide. Main metabloite in feces was fE2 alpha (56.7%), followed by fE2 beta (32%) and fE1 (11.3%); conjugated oestrogens were not detected. Main metabolite in urine was scE1 followed by gcE2 alpha and gcE2 beta. ScE2 alpha and scE2 beta were not detected or were present in small quantities only. Hormonal changes over time were highly significant. Main product of placental oestrogen synthesis is scE1, the concentrations of f and c E2 beta and E2 alpha in plasma largely result from oestrogen metabolism and enterohepatic circulation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation, alpha-tocopherol and their combination on lipoprotein lipid metabolism in the blood plasma of rabbits with hypercholesterolemia].

Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) led to acceleration of free-radical oxidation of blood plasma lipids, reduction of the fraction of linoleic acid residues in phospholipids, and inhibition of the fractional rate of the lecithin-cholesterol-acyl-transferase reaction in rabbits with severe hypercholesterolemia. In group 2 of rabbits with similar hypercholesterolemia administration of alpha-tocopherol increased the content of high density lipoprotein phospholipids, the activity of hepatic endothelial lipase and the cholesterol esterifying activity of blood plasma, and accelerated hypercholesterolemia regression. Combination of HBO and alpha-tocopherol in group 3 of rabbits with hyper-cholesterolemia decelerated the accumulation of the products of free-radical oxidation in blood plasma; the activity of the lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase reaction increased in this case, while the regression of hypercholesterolemia was accelerated. It is concluded that some unfavourable changes of lipid metabolism occurring under the effect of HBO in hypercholesterolemia can be corrected with alpha-tocopherol.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effect of chemical stimulation of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus on blood plasma glucose, triglycerides and free fatty acids in rats.

The effects of chemical stimulation of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) on blood plasma concentration of glucose, triglycerides, insulin, and free fatty acids (FFA) were investigated in anesthetized adult Wistar rats. Microinjection of 12.5 nmol of norepinephrine into the DMH increased blood plasma concentration of glucose and FFA, decreased triglycerides, and did not change plasma insulin within 5 min; after 20 min, blood glucose and FFA reached control values. Microinjection of epinephrine (12.5 nmol) into the DMH also increased blood plasma glucose concentration and decreased triglycerides after 5 min. These effects are probably mediated by beta-adrenergic mechanisms, because they were prevented by beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, but not by alpha-adrenergic antagonist prazosin. Microinjection into the DMH of glutamate, dopamine, or acetylcholine failed to cause any change in those metabolic parameters, corroborating the hypothesis that the DMH is part of a beta-adrenergic pathway involved in short-term modulation of the availability of glucose and FFA.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of bilateral vasectomy on testosterone levels in the seminal and blood plasmas of boars].

In two sexually mature boars subjected to bilateral vasectomy the content of testosterone was followed in the semen and blood plasma prior to the operation and in the course of 26 days after the operation. In the third boar only the operation without actual vasectomy as the control was made to eliminate the possible effect of narcosis and of the surgical stress. Bilateral vasectomy induced an average decrease in the initial levels of testosterone in the semen plasma of the first and second animal by 63.24% and 47.67% respectively, and 47.17% and 56.46% respectively in the blood plasma. In the control boar no analogous post-operation drop of testosterone concentration in the semen plasma was observed, the content of testosterone in the blood plasma decreased over the followed period on an average only by 14.38%. The results imply that bilateral vasectomy in boars results, in the first followed month after the surgical procedure, in a decrease of semen and plasma testosterone, which proves that the operation under investigation affects testicular incretion.

Animals↗