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PubMed1990

Effects of long-term dietary restriction on body temperature are modified with increasing age.

Effects of long-term dietary restriction on body temperature and its circadian changes were investigated in 3.5- and 14.5-month-old male Long-Evans rats. Animals were either fed and libitum or kept on a restricted diet for 8 weeks. Purina Lab Chow was constantly available to the ad libitum-fed groups, while half portions of their daily food consumption were given to age-matched diet-restricted groups every day. A highly significant lowering of body temperature in middle-aged diet-restricted (MR) rats was not observed until their food intake had been restricted for 5 weeks compared with that of the middle-aged ad libitum-fed (MA) group as well as that of the young diet-restricted (YR) rats. Eight weeks after diet restriction, both the circadian pattern of body temperature and its diurnal peak-trough difference remained almost unchanged in all four groups, while the average body temperature of MR rats was greatly lower than that of the YR group and that of MA animals. No significant difference in average body temperature was found between the young ad libitum-fed (YA) rats and the MA group. These data suggest that the average body temperature and its circadian changes in ad libitum-fed rats, at least before the age of 14.5 months, is not age-related, while the effect of dietary restriction on body temperature may be modified with increasing age.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2001

CH-19 sweet, nonpungent cultivar of red pepper, increased body temperature in mice with vanilloid receptors stimulation by capsiate.

We investigated the effect of CH-19 Sweet, a nonpungent cultivar of red pepper, and capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin analog found in CH-19 Sweet on body temperature in mice. The body temperature was recorded from conscious and unrestrained mice by use of a telemetry system. The body temperature in the mice administered CH-19 Sweet was higher than in the mice administered California-Wandar, which contains no capsiate or capsaicin. The body temperature in the mice administered capsiate was higher than in the mice administered the vehicle. Furthermore, we injected capsazepine, a specific antagonist of vanilloid receptors, into the peritoneal cavity and orally administered capsiate via a stomach tube to mice. The body temperature in the mice pretreated with capsazepine was lower than in the mice injected with the vehicle. This result suggested that capsazepine suppressed the rise in body temperature induced by capsiate administration. In conclusion, CH-19 Sweet increased body temperature, and this effect may be induced by the vanilloid receptors' stimulation of capsiate.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The effect of body temperature on the hunting response of the middle finger skin temperature.

The relationship between body temperature and the hunting response (intermittent supply of warm blood to cold exposed extremities) was quantified for nine subjects by immersing one hand in 8 degree C water while their body was either warm, cool or comfortable. Core and skin temperatures were manipulated by exposing the subjects to different ambient temperatures (30, 22, or 15 degrees C), by adjusting their clothing insulation (moderate, light, or none), and by drinking beverages at different temperatures (43, 37 and 0 degrees C). The middle finger temperature (Tfi) response was recorded, together with ear canal (Tear), rectal (Tre), and mean skin temperature (Tsk). The induced mean Tear changes were -0.34 (0.08) and +0.29 (0.03) degrees C following consumption of the cold and hot beverage, respectively. Tsk ranged from 26.7 to 34.5 degrees C during the tests. In the warm environment after a hot drink, the initial finger temperature (T(fi,base)) was 35.3 (0.4) degrees C, the minimum finger temperature during immersion (T(fi,min)) was 11.3 (0.5) degrees C, and 2.6 (0.4) hunting waves occurred in the 30-min immersion period. In the neutral condition (thermoneutral room and beverage) T(fi,base) was 32.1 (1.0) degrees C, T(fi,min) was 9.6 (0.3) degrees C, and 1.6 (0.2) waves occurred. In the cold environment after a cold drink, these values were 19.3 (0.9) degrees C, 8.7 (0.2) degrees C, and 0.8 (0.2) waves, respectively. A colder body induced a decrease in the magnitude and frequency of the hunting response. The total heat transferred from the hand to the water, as estimated by the area under the middle finger temperature curve, was also dependent upon the induced increase or decrease in Tear and Tsk. We conclude that the characteristics of the hunting temperature response curve of the finger are in part determined by core temperature and Tsk. Both T(fi,min) and the maximal finger temperature during immersion were higher when the core temperature was elevated; Tsk seemed to be an important determinant of the onset time of the cold-induced vasodilation response.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Ontogenetic shifts in thermal tolerance, selected body temperature and thermal dependence of food assimilation and locomotor performance in a lacertid lizard, Eremias brenchleyi.

We used Eremias brenchleyi as a model animal to examine differences in thermal tolerance, selected body temperature, and the thermal dependence of food assimilation and locomotor performance between juvenile and adult lizards. Adults selected higher body temperatures (33.5 vs. 31.7 degrees C) and were able to tolerate a wider range of body temperatures (3.4-43.6 vs. 5.1-40.8 degrees C) than juveniles. Within the body temperature range of 26-38 degrees C, adults overall ate more than juveniles, and food passage rate was faster in adults than juveniles. Apparent digestive coefficient (ADC) and assimilation efficiency (AE) varied among temperature treatments but no clear temperature associated patterns could be discerned for these two variables. At each test temperature ADC and AE were both higher in adults than in juveniles. Sprint speed increased with increase in body temperature at lower body temperatures, but decreased at higher body temperatures. At each test temperature adults ran faster than did juveniles, and the range of body temperatures where lizards maintained 90% of maximum speed differed between adults (27-34 degrees C) and juveniles (29-37 degrees C). Optimal temperatures and thermal sensitivities differed between food assimilation and sprint speed. Our results not only show strong patterns of ontogenetic variation in thermal tolerance, selected body temperature and thermal dependence of food assimilation and locomotor performance in E. brenchleyi, but also add support for the multiple optima hypothesis for the thermal dependence of behavioral and physiological variables in reptiles.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1998

Body temperature and behavior of tree shrews and flying squirrels in a thermal gradient.

The daily rhythms of body temperature, temperature selection, and locomotor activity of tree shrews and flying squirrels were studied in a thermal gradient. In accordance with previous observations in other mammalian species, the rhythm of temperature selection was found to be 180 degrees out of phase with the body temperature rhythm in both species. Comparison of the amplitude of the body temperature rhythm in the presence and absence of the ambient temperature gradient indicated that behavioral temperature selection reduces the amplitude of the body temperature rhythm. This provides support for the hypothesis that the homeostatic control of body temperature opposes-rather than facilitates-the circadian oscillation in body temperature.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

CH-19 sweet, a non-pungent cultivar of red pepper, increased body temperature and oxygen consumption in humans.

We investigated the effect of CH-19 Sweet, a non-pungent cultivar of red pepper, on body temperature and oxygen consumption in humans. CH-19 Sweet was given to 11 healthy volunteers, and core body temperature, body surface temperature and oxygen consumption were measured. The control group ingested California-Wandar, which contained neither capsaicin nor capsiate. The core body temperature in the CH-19 Sweet group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The forehead temperature measured by infrared thermography in the CH-19 Sweet group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The body surface temperature was increased for about 20 min after consumption of CH-19 Sweet intake, and the neck temperature was significantly higher (P<0.001) than when the subjects consumed California-Wandar. We also measured respiratory gas by indirect calorimetry while subjects wore a face mask. A significant difference was detected in oxygen consumption between the two groups, and the value was significantly higher in the CH-19 Sweet group (P<0.03). These results suggest that CH-19 Sweet increased thermogenesis and energy consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of paracetamol (acetaminophen) on body temperature in acute ischemic stroke: a double-blind, randomized phase II clinical trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Body temperature is a strong predictor of outcome in acute stroke. However, it is unknown whether antipyretic treatment leads to early and clinically worthwhile reduction of body temperature in patients with acute stroke, especially when they have no fever. The main purpose of this trial was to study whether early treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients with acetaminophen (paracetamol) reduces body temperature. METHODS: Seventy-five patients with acute ischemic stroke confined to the anterior circulation were randomized to treatment with either 500 mg (low dose) or 1000 mg (high dose) acetaminophen or with placebo, administered as suppositories 6 times daily during 5 days. Body temperatures were measured with a rectal electronic thermometer at the start of treatment and after 24 hours and with an infrared tympanic thermometer at 2-hour intervals during the first 24 hours and at 6-hour intervals thereafter. The primary outcome measure was rectal temperature at 24 hours after the start of treatment. RESULTS: Treatment with high-dose acetaminophen resulted in 0.4 degrees C lower body temperatures than placebo treatment at 24 hours (95% CI 0.1 degrees C to 0.7 degrees C). The mean reduction from baseline temperature with high-dose acetaminophen was 0.3 degrees C (95% CI 0 degrees C to 0.6 degrees C) higher than that in placebo-treated patients. Treatment with low-dose acetaminophen did not result in lower body temperatures. After 5 days of treatment, no differences in temperature were found between the placebo and the high- or low-dose acetaminophen groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with a daily dose of 6000 mg acetaminophen may result in a small, but potentially beneficial, decrease in body temperature shortly after ischemic stroke, even in normothermic and subfebrile patients. Further studies should determine whether this effect is reproducible and whether early reduction of body temperature leads to improved outcome.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2003

Effect of paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen on body temperature in acute ischemic stroke PISA, a phase II double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial [ISRCTN98608690].

BACKGROUND: Body temperature is a strong predictor of outcome in acute stroke. In a previous randomized trial we observed that treatment with high-dose acetaminophen (paracetamol) led to a reduction of body temperature in patients with acute ischemic stroke, even when they had no fever. The purpose of the present trial was to study whether this effect of acetaminophen could be reproduced, and whether ibuprofen would have a similar, or even stronger effect. METHODS: Seventy-five patients with acute ischemic stroke confined to the anterior circulation were randomized to treatment with either 1000 mg acetaminophen, 400 mg ibuprofen, or placebo, given 6 times daily during 5 days. Treatment was started within 24 hours from the onset of symptoms. Body temperatures were measured at 2-hour intervals during the first 24 hours, and at 6-hour intervals thereafter. RESULTS: No difference in body temperature at 24 hours was observed between the three treatment groups. However, treatment with high-dose acetaminophen resulted in a 0.3 degrees C larger reduction in body temperature from baseline than placebo treatment (95% CI: 0.0 to 0.6 degrees C). Acetaminophen had no significant effect on body temperature during the subsequent four days compared to placebo, and ibuprofen had no statistically significant effect on body temperature during the entire study period. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with a daily dose of 6000 mg acetaminophen results in a small, but potentially worthwhile decrease in body temperature after acute ischemic stroke, even in normothermic and subfebrile patients. Further large randomized clinical trials are needed to study whether early reduction of body temperature leads to improved outcome.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1992

Body temperature and its relationship to demographic and cardiovascular risk factors in a national sample of children and adolescents.

The association of body temperature with demographic, maturational, constitutional, and cardiovascular risk variables was investigated in a large, representative sample of US children and adolescents in the Health Examination Survey. While body temperatures in children ages 6 to 11 years were not related to demographic variables, temperatures in children ages 12 to 17 were lower at older ages, higher in females than males, and higher in whites than blacks. In multiple regression analyses, demographic variables, maturational variables, and variables related to heat production or loss explained less than 10% of the variation in body temperature. Body temperature was a significant independent correlate of resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure at ages 6 to 11 and 12 to 17. Body temperature showed weak tracking over a follow-up interval averaging 44 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The sleep-evoked decrease of body temperature.

The circadian rhythm of deep body temperature consists of both an endogenous component and evoked components resulting from exogenous influences. Previous studies of the sleep-evoked effect have failed to control confounding influences, so that the effect of sleep per se has not been established. In the present study, eight good sleepers had their rectal temperatures recorded for 24 hours in each of two laboratory conditions employing a constant routine to control exogenous influences. Sleep was allowed at night in one condition. Following sleep onset, body temperature dropped more rapidly and remained lower than when wakefulness continued over the same time, resulting in a mean sleep-evoked decrease of 0.31 +/- 0.09 degree C. Fourier regression analysis showed a significant 24-hour (circadian) temperature rhythm, together with a 12-hour harmonic rhythm, in each condition. Circadian rhythm parameters were also altered by the sleep-evoked (or masking) effect, with the amplitude increased and the mean decreased when subjects slept at night in the constant routine. It was suggested that a constant routine methodology be used in studies of circadian rhythm differences and that Fourier regression be used in preference to simple cosine curve fitting to give a better approximation of the temperature rhythm.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Radiotelemetry measurement of body temperatures of feedlot steers during summer.

Heat stress is a common problem for cattle. General consequences of heat stress include increased body temperatures and reduced feed intakes. As a measure of heat stress, core body temperatures of unshaded feedlot steers (crossbred Bos taurus) were monitored from mid-June to early November in Nebraska using transmitters implanted in the peritoneum of 10 steers (initially 10 mo of age). Steers were fed at 0630 and 1430 using a finishing diet of 1.52 NEg Mcal/kg with 13% protein and 4% roughage per day and housed in two open lots with stocking densities of 15.2 or 19.3 m2/steer. Core body temperatures, ambient temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were measured at 3-min intervals and mathematically filtered to produce 120 readings/ d. For 94 usable daily records, body temperature means (39.04 +/- .12 degrees C), maxima (39.89 +/- .21 degrees C at 1836 +/- .73 h), minima (38.33 +/- .29 degrees C at 0823 +/- .38 h), and patterns were similar among steers. As daily maximum ambient temperatures increased, minimum body temperatures decreased slightly (.04 degree C per 5 degrees C; P < .01). After daily maximum ambient temperatures reached a threshold of 25.6 degrees C, daily maximum body temperatures increased linearly with maximum ambient temperatures (.42 degree C per 5 degrees C; P < .01). Sharp peaks in body temperature were often seen in the late evening (approximately 2200) after ambient temperature had decreased to well below maximum values. These evening peaks occurred on an average of 25% of the days, had amplitudes ranging from .7 to 3.5 degrees C relative to mean daily temperatures and lasted for 1.5 h. From a practical standpoint, we suggest that producers monitor meteorological forecast of peak ambient temperatures and make special efforts, such as spraying animals, when exceptionally hot weather is predicted.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Body temperature in general population samples. The study of men born in 1913 and 1923.

Oral body temperature was measured in 816 men, 57 and 67 years old, sampled from the general population of Göteborg, Sweden, and 22 physically highly active men, sampled on clinical grounds. The measurements were taken in the morning for 14 months. After adding 0.3 degrees C to the readings to make them comparable with rectal readings, the mean body temperature was 36.8 +/- 0.4 degrees C. There was a seasonal variation with a peak during the winter and a trough during the summer. Body temperature was inversely correlated with height and positively correlated with weight and body fat but not with lean body mass. High physical activity and sensitivity to heat were associated with a higher than average body temperature. Sensitivity to cold was associated with a lower than average body temperature. Smoking prior to the measurements did not appear to affect body temperature.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Body temperature influences on ethanol elimination rate.

The effects of varying doses of ethanol injected IP on body temperature and the linear elimination rate were determined in long-sleep (LS) and short-sleep (SS) and C57BL6 mice. As the ethanol dose was increased, decreases in body temperature and rate of ethanol elimination were detected in all three mouse stocks. The correlation coefficients between body temperature and ethanol elimination rate were 0.74, 0.82, and 0.75 for the LS, SS, and C57BL mice, respectively. The SS eliminated ethanol more quickly than did the LS at most ethanol doses but if elimination rates at equal body temperatures were measured the two mouse lines did not differ in elimination rate. The temperatures of C57BL mice were also modified by pretreating them with graded doses of phenobarbital or DFP 1 hr before injection with a 1 g/kg ethanol dose. These treatments resulted in graded decreases in body temperature and an attendant decrease in ethanol elimination rate with correlation coefficients of 0.82 for phenobarbital-treated and 0.85 for DFP-treated animals. Lastly, the hypothermia elicited by a 5 g/kg dose of DFP was prevented by incubating the animals at 37 degrees C. This treatment almost completely prevented the effects of this dose of DFP on ethanol elimination rate. These results demonstrate that body temperature influences the rate of ethanol elimination. Therefore, studies of ethanol elimination rate should take body temperature into account when attempting to measure parameters such as metabolic tolerance.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The influence of the conventional microflora on the body temperature of the chick.

1. Deep body temperature was measured daily in germ-free and conventional chicks from 1 to 16 of age. 2. The temperature of germ-free chicks rose rapidly during the first 4 d and thereafter only slowly, whereas that of conventional birds increased gradually throughout. 3. Body temperature attained by the germ-free birds was about 0.3 degrees C higher than that of conventional birds.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Locomotor activity, core body temperature, and circadian rhythms in mice selected for high or low heat loss.

Daily locomotor activity, core body temperature, and their circadian rhythms were measured in lines of mice selected for high (MH) or low (ML) heat loss and unselected controls (MC). Lines were created by selecting for 16 generations in each of three replicates. Collection of locomotor activity and core temperature data spanned Generations 20 and 21 for a total of 352 mice. Physical activity and core body temperature data were accumulated using implanted transmitters and continuous automated collection. Measurement for each animal was for 3 d. Activity was recorded for each half hour and then averaged for the day; temperature was averaged daily; circadian rhythm was expressed in 12-h (light vs dark) or 6-h periods as well as by fitting cyclic models. Activity means were transformed to log base 2 to lessen heterogeneity of variance within lines. Heat loss for a 15-h period beginning at 1630 and feed intake for 7 d were measured on 74 additional mice in order to estimate the relationship between locomotor activity and heat loss or feed intake. Selection lines were different (P < 0.01) for both locomotor activity and core body temperature. Differences were due to selection (MH-ML, P < 0.01), and there was no evidence of asymmetry of response (P > 0.38). Retransformed from log base 2 to the scale of measurement, mean activity counts were 308, 210, and 150 for MH, MC, and ML, respectively. Mean core temperatures were 37.2, 36.9, and 36.7 degrees C for MH, MC, and ML (P < 0.01), respectively. Females had greater physical activity (P < 0.01) and body temperature (P < 0.01) than males. There was no evidence of a sex x selection criterion interaction for either activity or temperature (P > 0.20). Overall phenotypic correlation between body temperature and log base 2 activity was 0.43 (P < 0.01). Periods during the day were different for both 12- and 6-h analyses (P < 0.01), but there were no period x selection criterion interactions (P > 0.1) for physical activity or body temperature. More sensitive cyclic models revealed significant (P < 0.01) 24-, 12-, 8-, and 6-h cycles that differed (P < 0.01) among lines. Estimated differences between MH and ML mice in feed intake and heat loss due to locomotor activity were 36 and 11.5%, respectively. Variation in activity thus contributed to variation in feed intake.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Vasoconstrictor contained in local anesthetic--its effect on body temperature and circulatory kinetics].

Changes in body temperature and blood circulation wave been monitored to investigate the effect of some vasoconstrictor contained in a local anesthetic on living body. The results obtained are described below. Subjects selected were six healthy male students (23-29 years in age). Drugs used for the experiment were 3% tolycaine for local anesthetic added with 72 micrograms, 108 micrograms or 144 micrograms of epinephrine in epinephrine group; with 90 micrograms, 135 micrograms or 180 micrograms of norepinephrine in norepinephrine group, and with each 36 micrograms, 54 micrograms, 72 micrograms of epinephrine and 36 micrograms, 54 micrograms or 72 micrograms of norepinephrine in epinephrien + norepinephrine group. 1. Change in body temperature 1) Tympanic membrane temperature There was no significant difference between pre- and post injection values in all dose groups. 2) Average skin temperature in big toe The temperature was decreased significantly at 0-25 min. in epinephrine group, in norepinephrine group and in epinephrine + norepinephrine group, compared to that prior to injection. 2. Change in circulatory kinetics 1) Epinephrine group Heart rate and RPP was increased significantly at 0-40 min. (72 micrograms) and at 0-50 min. (108 micrograms and 144 micrograms) in epinephrine group. 2) Norepinephrine group In norepinephrine 90 micrograms group, blood pressure showed a significantly high level at 5-25 min. in systolic pressure and at 0-25 min. in diastolic pressure, compared to those prior to injection. In norepinephrine 135 micrograms group, blood pressure showed a significantly high level at 0-25 min. in systolic pressure and at 0-30 min. in diastolic pressure, compared to those prior to injection. In norepinephrine 180 micrograms group, blood pressure showed a significantly high level at 0-30 min. in systolic pressure and at 0-20 min. in diastolic pressure, compared to those prior to injection. MAP was significantly high level in mean artereial pressure of norepinephrine group at 0-20 min. compared to that prior to injection. Heart rate was increased significantly at 5-30 min. in norepinephrine 90 micrograms group, decreased significantly at 0-30 min. in norepinephrine 135 micrograms group, and decreased significantly at 0-20 min. in norepinephrine 180 micrograms group, compared to those prior to infection. RPP showed a low level at 5-20 min. in norepinephrine 90 micrograms group, at 10-15 min. in norepinephrine 135 micrograms group, and at 10 min. in norepinephrine 180 micrograms group, both being of significance when compared to those prior to injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗