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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

From clones of cells to clones of genes.

Three approaches to study the immune system are presented. First is the limiting dilution analysis, second is the analysis of the polypeptide patterns of lymphocytes by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and the third is the utilization of a partitioned cDNA library for establishing a gene catalog and proteinpaedia. All the approaches were used to study clonal diversity and clonal heterogeneity. The gene catalog which is already established is available to recover genes expressed in various lymphocyte clones.

Animals↗
PubMed1965

A COMPUTER SYSTEM FOR A UNION CATALOG: THEME AND VARIATIONS.

This article describes a computer system for the generation and maintenance of a union catalog of periodicals and for printouts of both the entire file and selected portions. Although the system was designed to meet the specifications of the Union Catalog of Medical Periodicals of New York, its use is not limited. Only the basic file maintenance program is indispensable; the subsidiary programs may be used as needed. The scope and content of the catalog are determined by the input. The preparation of the input is described in detail, with comment on the keypunching of library records. Applications to other kinds of catalogs are suggested.

Catalogs, Union as Topic↗
PubMed1965

PROBLEMS OF MEDICAL LIBRARIES IN JAPAN.

Reference service in medical libraries should be considered more seriously by the members of the Japan Medical Library Association, as their interest so far has been focused mainly on interlibrary loan service, compilation of union lists and union catalogs, and the business side of library administration. The Association does not have enough funds to be very active, and its membership is limited to the libraries of medical and of some large dental schools. It should open its membership to other medical libraries, such as those of hospitals and medical laboratories, and eventually to individuals. Many of the member libraries do not have complete control of their own budget, as each department of the school earmarks part of its budget for the library while it still holds the right of deciding which books and journals are to be bought and keeps a large part of them in its departmental library. Lack of proper library school education among the library staff is one of the major problems. There are some training courses for medical librarians in the library schools and also some workshops held by the Association, but they are limited in their usefulness by the fact that there are not enough library school graduates who can take advantage of them.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Medical libraries and computers. The role of medical libraries in medical informatics.

The classic function of health sciences libraries is to build and maintain a knowledge base and to provide timely access to that collective memory for the purpose of learning, teaching, caring for patients, conducting research or managing an organization. The formats and representation of that knowledge base are changing rapidly, as are the methods and techniques for gaining access to information. Medical libraries have long used computers for cataloging and controlling records but are now shifting to acquiring, managing and distributing bibliographic and full-text information to local library "networks."

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1976

Educational materials reviewed for AVLINE.

The need for a central source of information regarding the availability, suitability, and quality of educational materials has led to the development of AVLINE. AVLINE is a computer information service available through the MEDLARS system of the National Library of Medicine. The Association of American Medical Colleges is gathering information from faculty members concerning useful materials and is bringing together content specialists, instructional designers, and technical specialists to review these materials. Information on materials that are recommended is provided to the National Library of Medicine to be cataloged, indexed, and abstracted for ultimate listing in AVLINE. Twenty-eight percent of the material has not been recommended; the many reasons for low ratings are categorized under content quality, instructional design, and technical quality.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

ZINC--a free database of commercially available compounds for virtual screening.

A critical barrier to entry into structure-based virtual screening is the lack of a suitable, easy to access database of purchasable compounds. We have therefore prepared a library of 727,842 molecules, each with 3D structure, using catalogs of compounds from vendors (the size of this library continues to grow). The molecules have been assigned biologically relevant protonation states and are annotated with properties such as molecular weight, calculated LogP, and number of rotatable bonds. Each molecule in the library contains vendor and purchasing information and is ready for docking using a number of popular docking programs. Within certain limits, the molecules are prepared in multiple protonation states and multiple tautomeric forms. In one format, multiple conformations are available for the molecules. This database is available for free download (http://zinc.docking.org) in several common file formats including SMILES, mol2, 3D SDF, and DOCK flexibase format. A Web-based query tool incorporating a molecular drawing interface enables the database to be searched and browsed and subsets to be created. Users can process their own molecules by uploading them to a server. Our hope is that this database will bring virtual screening libraries to a wide community of structural biologists and medicinal chemists.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1973

The Mayo Clinic author catalog: a living repository of medical knowledge.

Since 1907 records have been kept of publications by staff members of the Mayo Clinic, and this information has been invaluable. The Author Catalog has proved itself such a useful tool for the Mayo Clinic that other libraries, large and small, may wish to consider adopting such a service. The Mayo medical complex is a large institution with more than 500 staff and faculty members engaged in the publication of clinical, educational, and research findings. The great amount of cross-disciplinary cooperation and interdepartmental research makes essential an up-to-date record of what is going on. The Mayo Clinic Library developed a comprehensive computerized method for identifying research and for identifying and indexing publications of Mayo staff members. At the end of 1971 more than 25,000 citations had been stored on computer tape.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1972

Union list development: control of the serial literature.

The discussion covers the development of a national union list or finding tool for biomedical serial holdings and its integration into the National Serials Data Program, which is being developed under the auspices of the three National Libraries. Specific topics which are covered include: (1) Selection of the Union Catalog of Medical Periodicals (UCMP) as the basis for a biomedical list and the status of that activity; (2) discussion of the various methods of recording holdings; (3) status of the National Serials Data Program and a discussion of its relationship to the UCMP file; and (4) status of the Standard Serial Number and its relationship to other existing coding schemes for serial titles.

Catalogs, Union as Topic↗
PubMed1965

MEDLARS: PERFORMANCE, PROBLEMS, POSSIBILITIES.

Operational experience during the first year of MEDLARS is described in relation to the Library's primary objectives of index publication, recurring bibliographies, and demand search services. Progress toward the implementation of two secondary objectives-the input of cataloging copy and the decentralization of the system-is also reported. MEDLARS has been intensively tested during its first operational year, its strengths and weaknesses have been identified, and it is now prepared to develop its service potential.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1969

Convergence toward common standards in machine-readable cataloging.

The adoption of the MARC II format for the communication of bibliographic information by the three National Libraries of the U.S.A. makes it possible for those libraries to converge on the remaining necessary common standards for machine-readable cataloging. THREE LEVELS OF STANDARDS ARE IDENTIFIED: fundamental, the character set; intermediate, MARC II; and detailed, the codes for identifying data elements. The convergence on these standards implies that the National Libraries can create and operate a Joint Bibliographic Data Bank requiring standard book numbers and universal serial numbers for identifying monographs and serials and that the system will thoroughly process contributed catalog entries before adding them to the Data Bank. There is reason to hope that the use of the MARC II format will facilitate catalogers' decision processes.

Cataloging↗
PubMed1999

A computer-assisted personalized approach in an undergraduate plant physiology class

We used Computer-Assisted Personalized Approach (CAPA), a networked teaching and learning tool that generates computer individualized homework problem sets, in our large-enrollment introductory plant physiology course. We saw significant improvement in student examination performance with regular homework assignments, with CAPA being an effective and efficient substitute for hand-graded homework. Using CAPA, each student received a printed set of similar but individualized problems of a conceptual (qualitative) and/or quantitative nature with quality graphics. Because each set of problems is unique, students were encouraged to work together to clarify concepts but were required to do their own work for credit. Students could enter answers multiple times without penalty, and they were able to obtain immediate feedback and hints until the due date. These features increased student time on task, allowing higher course standards and student achievement in a diverse student population. CAPA handles routine tasks such as grading, recording, summarizing, and posting grades. In anonymous surveys, students indicated an overwhelming preference for homework in CAPA format, citing several features such as immediate feedback, multiple tries, and on-line accessibility as reasons for their preference. We wrote and used more than 170 problems on 17 topics in introductory plant physiology, cataloging them in a computer library for general access. Representative problems are compared and discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1973

Computer information project for monographs at the Medical Research Library of Brooklyn.

The article describes a resource library's computer-based project that provides cataloging and other bibliographic services and promotes greater use of the book collection. A few studies are cited to show the significance of monographic literature in medical libraries. The educational role of the Medical Research Library of Brooklyn is discussed, both with regard to the parent institution and to smaller medical libraries in the same geographic area. Types of aid given to smaller libraries are enumerated. Information is given on methods for providing machine-produced catalog cards, current awareness notes, and bibliographic lists. Actualities and potentialities of the computer project are discussed.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1969

The need to standardize descriptive cataloging.

Because there are too many ways to describe a book, its presence may not be discovered in a bibliography or catalog. Standardized descriptive cataloging is needed to solve this problem and also to eliminate wasteful duplication of cataloging. The Anglo-American Cataloging Rules and the COSATI Standard disagree on choice of main entry, and the Library of Congress does not follow the AACR all of the time. But the essence of standardized cataloging is widespread availability and general acceptance of the data, regardless of principles followed. Local adaptations in standard cataloging data are necesary, but those which affect all copies of a book, not just unique features of particular copies, must be made available for use by all libraries by correction of the standard cataloging data. The national structure for communicating standard cataloging data today is mainly printed tools, but tomorrow local library terminals on-line to a shared computer data bank may provide the instantaneous access needed. The problem of getting the wider community of library users to standardize their citation practices is more difficult to solve, but hope for improvement lies in making access to standard data easier.

Cataloging↗