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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Contraception in perimenopause.

Women in their forties are still potentially fertile, and pregnancy in this age group is attended with increased maternal mortality, spontaneous abortion, fetal anomalies and perinatal mortality. Contraception for women in this age group has special risks and benefits; both should be balanced to choose between the different options available. Recent epidemiological and clinical pharmacology studies have indicated the safety of extending the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) beyond the age of 35 years and up to menopause. Women who have reasons for avoiding COCs can use progestogen-only contraceptives like pills, depot injectables and implants. Implant combines high efficacy and long-term effect. Both copper-releasing and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device (LNG-IUD) combine the advantages of high efficacy and long-term effect. The reduced fecundity above the age of forty can allow extending the use beyond the accepted term, and up to one or two years beyond the menopause without the need for replacement. The levonorgestrel IUD has the advantage of reducing the amount of menstrual bleeding. The condom has the added benefit of protection against sexual transmitted diseases (STDs). Male or female sterilization is an excellent contraceptive option, provided that this approach is culturally acceptable and available at reasonable cost and low risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of castration-induced menopausal symptoms with low dose diethylstilbestrol in men with advanced prostate cancer.

Menopausal symptoms manifesting as hot flashes and sweats occur in up to 75 percent of patients following either orchiectomy or treatment with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist for prostate cancer. As many as one third of these patients will experience symptoms severe enough to seek palliation. We treated 12 such patients with low dose diethylstilbestrol (1/3 mg daily). Nine patients demonstrated both objective and subjective improvement in their menopausal symptoms. Five patients experienced toxicity including new onset of gynecomastia or breast soreness although no patient discontinued treatment on this basis. No cardiovascular complications were noted. We conclude that low dose diethylstilbestrol is an inexpensive, effective means of controlling troublesome postorchiectomy menopausal symptoms in carefully selected patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Why flush?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Estrogen replacement therapy. Universal remedy for the postmenopausal woman?

The menopausal woman is in a state of estrogen deficiency that induces a variety of metabolic, structural, and symptomatic disturbances. Indications for estrogen replacement therapy include vasomotor symptoms, psychosomatic complaints, urogenital atrophy, prevention of osteoporosis, and prevention of coronary heart disease. Potential risks of therapy include development of endometrial and breast cancer. The incidence of both can be decreased with combination estrogen-progestin therapy. Future research efforts should be directed toward identifying the postmenopausal woman at increased risk for osteoporosis and/or coronary heart disease.

Atrophy↗
PubMed2001

Andropause: coming of age for an old concept?

Sex hormones have a broad range of actions in regulating very diverse systems through life as well as critical reproductive and growth processes. Sex hormone biology in its satisfaction of the early demands of species survival and reproductive advantage may be leading a destructive process resulting in frailty and the less desirable aspects of aging that may, in men, be termed andropause. One important system associated directly with aging is interleukin-6, which increases as androgens decline. This may be taking place regardless of androgen receptor activity. It is currently acknowledged that androgens are the first but not the only possible treatment for andropause. There is an acute appreciation of the potentially undesirable impact of androgens on the biology of prostate cancer, as well as, possibly, the cardiovascular system. Most authors agree that careful evaluation and surveillance of the prostate must attend androgen therapy in aging men.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

The andropause: fact or fiction?

The so-called andropause is an ill-defined collection of symptoms in a group of men who may have low but may also have normal androgen levels. Unlike the proven benefits of hormone replacement therapy in women, the effects of testosterone supplementation in men are equivocal. It may increase sexual interest, but rarely to a level thought adequate by the patient. It has no proven beneficial effect on erectile dysfunction and other possible beneficial effects on haemopoesis, bone metabolism, lipids and fibrinolysis have yet to be demonstrated. With the availability of the testosterone patch, sustained increases in the serum testosterone levels will be readily achieved and could theoretically significantly affect the behaviour of subclinical prostate cancer. At the present time, testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men is of proven clinical benefit; this is not the case, however, for eugonadal men with symptoms attributed to the andropause. The symptoms of the andropause fatigue can readily be explained by stress and there is no scientifically valid, placebo-controlled study that shows any benefit for testosterone supplements in this not uncommon group of patients.

Adolescent↗