SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Colostrum”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Effect of human milk and colostrum on Entamoeba histolytica.

AIM: Many defense factors of the mother's colostrum or milk protect infants from intestinal, respiratory and systemic infections. In the present study, we investigated the effect of colostrum and mature human milk on E. histolytica parasites in vitro. METHODS: Samples of human milk were collected from 5 healthy lactating mothers. The medium with human milk at concentrations of 2%, 5% and 10% was obtained. RESULTS: The lethal effect of E. histolytica on the medium supplemented with different concentrations of both colostrum and mature human milk was significant during the first 30 min. We also detected that the results of colostrum and mature human milk were similar. No statistically significant differences were found between same concentrations of colostrum and mature human milk at the same times. CONCLUSION: Colostrum and mature human milk have significant lethal effect on E. histolytica and protect against its infection in breast fed children.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Evaluation of buffalo colostrum quality by estimation of enzyme activity levels.

A study to evaluate the value and potential use of colostral enzymes as markers for the evaluation of buffalo colostrum quality was conducted. The enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in buffalo's colostrum were measured spectrophotometrically, and their activities were correlated with the gamma-globulin content. Gamma-globulin concentration was determined following the electrophoretic separation of the colostral proteins and quantified with a densitometer. Colostrum was obtained from 15 dams, soon after calving. Means, standard deviations, correlation coefficients, and degree of significance were calculated using the general linear model procedure of the Statistical Analysis Systems program. The activity of GGT in the colostrum was the highest, followed by LDH and ALP. A significant correlation (r = 0.86; P < 0.001) was seen between GGT and gamma-globulin concentration in the colostrum, supporting the suggestion of using this enzyme as a marker for the evaluation of colostrum quality.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1998

Lipid composition and vitamin E content in human colostrum and mature milk.

Lipidic components, as well as fatty acid composition and vitamin E content were determined in colostrum (days 3-5 of postpartum) and mature milk (day 21) in 8 women from Murcia (Spain). Triglycerides concentration was higher and cholesterol and esterified cholesterol were lower in mature milk than in colostrum, whereas phospholipid content was similar. These differences indicate that the diameter of milk fat globules increases in mature milk. The percentage of medium-chain fatty acids (12:0 and 14:0) increased in mature milk as compared to colostrum, reflecting de novo synthesis of fatty acids. With the only exception of stearic acid which was lower in mature milk than in colostrum, the remaining long-chain fatty acids was similar. The proportion of both linoleic (18:2) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5) acids found in mature milk and colostrum is higher than in studies from other countries and may reflect the intake of high proportions of polyunsaturated fat from vegetable oils and fish in the studied women. Both vitamin E content and vitamin E/linoleic acid ratio in mature milk are lower than in colostrum, evidencing the efficient mechanism of mammary gland vitamin E uptake around parturition.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[The presence of antibodies against glycoprotein I (gI) of the virus of Aujeszky's disease in colostrum and milk of sows].

The possibility of using sow's milk to detect antibodies to the gI protein of Aujeszky's virus was studied by the present authors. Antibody titres in serum (collected less than 30 days ante partum) and colostrum from sixty-three sows were determined using a commercially available ELISA; twenty-four of thirty-seven animals vaccinated with gI-positive vaccines showed an antibody response in both colostrum and serum. The titre in colostrum was significantly higher than it was in serum. Antibodies could not be detected in serum or in colostrum of the twenty-six animals which were only vaccinated with gI-negative vaccines. Subsequently, anti-gI titres were determined in milk collected during lactation. Antibodies were also detectable in milk of animals showing high colostrum titres (greater than 128) for at least seventeen days. This period decreased as the initial colostrum titre became lower. Antibodies could still be detected in milk of animals vaccinated with gI-positive vaccine, which were sero-negative at the time of the experiment. Milk therefore seems to be a useful alternative to serum in detecting anti-gI antibodies in sows.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Comparison of three methods of feeding colostrum to dairy calves.

Absorption of colostral immunoglobulins by Holstein calves was studied in 3 herds in which 3 methods of colostrum feeding were used. Failure of passive transfer, as determined by calf serum immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) concentration less than 10 mg/ml at 48 hours of age, was diagnosed in 61.4% of calves from a dairy in which calves were nursed by their dams, 19.3% of calves from a dairy using nipple-bottle feeding, and 10.8% of calves from a dairy using tube feeding. The management factor determined to have the greatest influence on the probability of failure of passive transfer in the herds using artificial methods of colostrum feeding (bottle feeding or tube feeding) was the volume of colostrum fed as it affected the amount of IgG1 received by the calf. In dairies that used artificial feeding methods, failure of passive transfer was infrequent in calves fed greater than or equal to 100 g IgG1 in the first colostrum feeding. In the dairy that allowed calves to suckle, prevalence of failure of passive transfer was greater than 50% even among calves nursed by cows with above-average colostral IgG1 concentration. Analysis of the effect of other management factors on calf immunoglobulin absorption revealed small negative effects associated with the use of previously frozen colostrum and the use of colostrum from cows with long nonlactating intervals.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Maternal-neonatal immunoregulation: suppression of de novo synthesis of IgG and IgA, but not IgM, in neonatal pigs by bovine colostrum, is lost upon storage.

Fifty-four neonatal pigs were allotted to 4 groups and reared in an electrically controlled automatic feeding device (autosow). Each group was reared on a different pool of bovine colostrum: fresh, stored 1 month, stored 6 months, and stored 8 years. Bovine and porcine immunoglobulins in the sera of these pigs, and in a group of conventionally reared pigs, were measured periodically during the first 42 days after birth. The maximal concentration of absorbed bovine immunoglobulin was reached between 12 and 18 hours and equaled or exceeded the amount of porcine immunoglobulin absorbed by the conventionally reared pigs. Large differences in the concentrations of the bovine immunoglobulin isotypes among the various pools of colostrum were positively correlated with concentration of these isotypes in the sera of the neonatal pigs fed these pools. Relative to their concentrations in colostrum, approximately 41% of the IgG1, 55% of the IgG2, 29% of the IgM, and 67% of the IgA was absorbed. The IgA was absorbed the best and IgM was least absorbed. Significant trends or differences in absorption were not observed among groups. Neonatal pigs given fresh colostrum, which had a higher fat content, had significantly more weight gain (P less than 0.05). This occurred, despite the fact that the fresh colostrum had the lowest concentration of bovine immunoglobulin. Serum half-lives for bovine IgG1 and IgG2 were significantly less than for porcine IgG (P less than 0.05), whereas the half-lives for bovine and porcine IgM and IgA were similar. De novo-synthesized immunoglobulins were detectable in serum after 6 days; IgM concentrations reached a maximum at 15 days in neonatal pigs given stored, but not fresh, colostrum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Phagocytic activity of human colostrum macrophages.

1. We evaluated the ability of human colostrum adhering cells to phagocytize sheep red blood cells (E) incubated with rabbit anti-E IgG antibody (A) and zymosan particles incubated with fresh human serum or with the aqueous phase of colostrum. 2. The cells were found to have considerably intense phagocytic ability, i.e., 96.8% phagocytized EA particles, 83.2% phagocytized zymosan particles opsonized with fresh human serum, and 73.3% phagocytized zymosan particles opsonized with the aqueous phase of colostrum. Thus, the aqueous phase of colostrum can opsonize zymosan particles, an activity attributed to the complement system. 3. Total hemolytic complement (CH50) and the C3 component in a pool of normal human serum were two-fold higher than in a pool of the aqueous phase of colostrum. 4. These results indicate the existence of Fc gamma and C3 receptors on the membrane of human colostrum macrophages and suggest that these cells may be biologically active.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗

PubMed1989

Complement activity and selected hematologic variables in newborn foals fed bovine colostrum.

Serum complement activity and selected hematologic variables were evaluated in 5 newborn foals fed bovine colostrum (principal group) and 6 foals allowed to nurse their dam (control group). Also, bovine colostrum was evaluated for anti-equine antibodies. Precolostral serum hemolytic and conglutinating complement activities were low and increased similarly in foals of both groups to reach adult values between 1 and 3 weeks after birth. Bovine colostrum strongly agglutinated, but did not hemolyse principal foals' RBC and blood containing all known equine blood group alloantigens. Hemolysis was not detected after administration of bovine colostrum. Physiologic anemia developed in foals of principal and control groups during the first week of life. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility in foals of the principal group prior to and after the ingestion of colostrum remained unchanged. However, at 36 hours after birth, there was a significant decrease in erythrocyte osmotic fragility in foals fed homologous colostrum.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Effects of irradiated sow colostrum on some biochemical and haematological measurements in newborn piglets.

Some biochemical and haematological variables were measured in piglets during the first 48 hours after birth. The piglets were reared either by the sow, or bottle-fed with colostrum (either natural or sterilised by irradiation), or a commercial milk replacer. Mean haemoglobin concentrations, packed cell volumes and erythrocyte counts decreased by approximately 45 per cent in all the groups between birth and 48 hours, but leucocyte counts increased more markedly in the colostrum-fed groups. All the colostrum-fed groups showed rapid increases in serum total protein concentrations which were almost entirely due to increases in gamma globulin concentrations. There was no difference in this respect between natural colostrum and colostrum sterilised by irradiation with 500 Krad of gamma rays. Colostrum sterilised by irradiation can protect piglets against infectious agents and simplify the rearing of piglets under specific pathogen free conditions.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗

PubMed1985

Effects of maternal nutrition on udder development during late pregnancy and on colostrum production in Scottish Blackface ewes with twin lambs.

Effects on udder development and colostrum production of changing the level of ewe nutrition were investigated. Udder weights at term were derived from their linear dimensions and yields of colostrum were obtained by hand milking on three occasions between one and 18 hours after birth. The linear dimensions of the udder increased progressively in all animals between 100 days of gestation and term (about 145 days), but udder development was retarded significantly within three days of the onset of underfeeding at 105 days of gestation. Underfeeding reduced the total yield of colostrum during the first 18 hours after birth by decreasing the prenatal accumulation of colostrum and its subsequent rates of secretion. Improving the ewe's nutrition from one hour after birth tended to increase the secretion rates of colostrum between 10 and 18 hours. Refeeding previously underfed ewes to high levels from about five days before birth had no effect on udder growth but did increase the prenatal accumulation of colostrum and its subsequent rates of secretion to levels which, when corrected for differences in udder weight, were similar to those of ewes which were fed well throughout. Calculations revealed that by ignoring udder growth the Agricultural Research Council recommendations for the energy requirements of pregnant ewes underestimate the cost of tissue synthesis during the last four weeks of pregnancy by about 100 per cent.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗

PubMed1979

The passive transfer of immunity to Taenia ovis in lambs via colostrum.

Colostrum from ewes that had been repeatedly exposed to cestode infection, whether or not their immunity was boosted by vaccination with Taenia ovis, transferred a strong immunity to the lambs. Susceptible ewes, not recently exposed to tapeworm eggs, gave no protection to their lambs via the colostrum. There was no evidence that colostrum-deprived lambs were more susceptible to infection with T ovis than lambs that received colostrum from non-immune ewes. Colostrum from naturally immune vaccinated ewes gave good protection to lambs for up to six weeks but thereafter the effect was variable. The immunity that developed in susceptible ewes after vaccination with activated embryos was not passed on to the lambs via the colostrum.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Immunoglobulin levels in ewe colostrum and in lamb serum.

The immunoglobulin content of ewe colostrum falls rapidly after the first suckling and reaches a low level 36 h after the first feed. The whey content of colostrum will rise by more than 50 per cent during the same period. The production of colostral immunoglobulin during the 24 h following the first feed was related, in this work, to the amount of colostrum produced; the greater the colostrum production, the greater the immunoglobulin production. Colostrum production ranged from 1216 to 4493 g and immunoglobulin production from 22-21 to 86-34 g during the eight feeds studied. Colostrum production was related to demand by the lambs. There was a clear positive correlation between the total amount of immunoglobulin the lambs' circulation 30 h after the first feed and the immunoglobulin consumed. Approximately 20 to 25 per cent of the immunoglobulin ingested was present in the lambs' circulation at this time.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

The absorption of immunoglobulin from colostrum by bottle-fed lambs.

Factors affecting the absorption of immunoglobulin from colostrum by new born lambs were studied. Merino, Scottish Blackface, Cheviot, Southdown, Border Leicester, Finnish Landrace and Finnish Landrace x Dorset Horn lambs were removed from their mothers before sucking and bottle-fed with measured amounts of colostrum, either from individual ewes, or from pools of colostrum, some of which had been frozen for up to two years. Afterwards the lambs were fostered onto other ewes or reared on milk substitute. Their serum IgG1 concentrations before and after colostrum intake, were compared with IgG1 concentrations in conventionally reared lambs. The concentrations in lambs given a single feed of 150 to 200 g 1 hour after birth, or 30 g/kg at 1 hour and 7 hours compared favourably with those in control lambs. Lambs fed 50 to 100 g at 1 hour had a high proportion of very low concentrations and lambs fed 30 g/kg at 1 h, or at 1 and 24 h had low mean concentrations but no very low individual concentrations. The concentrations after a feed at 1 hour were positively correlated with the total amounts of IgG1 in the colostrum and negatively correlated with the birth weights. Only very small amounts were absorbed at 24 hours. Absorption was more efficient in males than in females and in Cheviots than in other breeds. It was unaffected by the age of the colostrum. Similar proportions of bottle-fed and control lambs died before 6 months of age, but relatively more bottle-fed lambs died from respiratory infections. The IgG1 concentrations and growth rates of the bottle-fed lambs were not significantly correlated.

Absorption↗

PubMed1982

Attempted transmission of Sarcocystis bovicanis from cows to calves via colostrum.

Sixteen pregnant cows were divided into four equal groups. Groups 1 and 2 were uninoculated controls; Groups 3 and 4 received 60,000 and 120,000 S. bovicanis sporocysts per os, respectively, about 30 days before expected parturition. Stained smears of colostrum from each quarter of the udder of each cow were examined microscopically for zoites. As a bioassay for infectious zoites in colostrum of acutely infected cows, colostrum from infected Group 4 cows was fed to calves from control Group 1 cows. Calves in Groups 2 and 3 received colostrum from their dams. Calves in Group 1 received colostrum from uninoculated normal cows. All calves were killed at 61 to 68 days of age and their tissues examined microscopically for Sarcocystis cysts. Because zoites were not found in colostrum smears and cysts were not found in calf tissues, it was concluded that lactogenic transmission of S. bovicanis did not occur.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Failure in passive transfer of immunoglobulin G1 to lambs: measurement of immunoglobulin G1 in ewe colostrums.

Concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 were measured in 590 sera from 24- to 36-hour-old lambs, and failure in passive transfer (FPT), less than 6 mg/ml, occurred in 20 lambs. Of the 20 FPT lambs, 45% died before 3 weeks of age, whereas only 5% of the 570 lambs with adequate passive transfer died before 3 weeks of age. The low percentage of FPT was attributed to management practices ensuring suckling by the lambs and possibly to influences from several years of selecting ewes on the basis of weaned lamb production. The correlation between the concentration of IgG1 in 257 postpartum, presuckle ewe colostrum samples and the IgG1 concentrations in 362 lamb sera from those ewes was low (r = 0.32). However, the mean serum IgG1 concentration in 20 lambs from ewes with the lowest postpartum, presuckle colostrum IgG1 concentrations (less than 30 mg/ml) was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than mean serum IgG1 concentration in 24 lambs from ewes with the highest postpartum, presuckle colostrum IgG1 concentrations (greater than 110 mg/ml). Postpartum, presuckle colostrum IgG1 was measured in 7 ewes whose lambs had FPT, and the IgG1 values varied throughout the colostrum IgG1 range. Colostrum IgG1 concentrations could not be used to explain FPT or to identify ewes likely to have lambs with FPT.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Human colostrum in the prevention of diarrhea and necrotizing enterocolitis].

The effect of human colostrum in the prevention of diarrhea and necrotizing enterocolitis, as well as the advantages of its use in gastroenteritis, was studied in 71 premature newborns. The frequency of diarrhea and enterocolitis in 16 healthy newborns who were given human colostrum (group II), was less than in the 22 healthy newborns who received only cows milk (group I), but without statistical significance. In 25 infants with diarrhea who were given human colostrum, the frequency of enterocolitis and sepsis (group IV) was less than in the 8 infants with diarrhea who didn't receive human colostrum (group III). At the end we suggest that human colostrum should be given in high risk infants in order to decrease the frequency of diarrhea and enterocolitis and we also make some recommendation as to how to obtain and store human colostrum.

Biological Products↗

PubMed1978

The immunoglobulin composition of colostrum and the persistence of acquired immunoglobulins and specific antibodies in the calf.

The absolute amounts of immunoglobulins contained in twenty-five samples of colostrum were determined. It was found that the quality of the colostrum is approximately the same for the first nine hours following parturition. The secretion of a cow following an abortion, however, does not have the quality of colostrum and should therefore not be saved to feed newborn calves. Detailed studies concerning the transfer of colostral antibodies to the newborn showed that ideally two liters of colostrum should be given within the first twelve hours. If the calf is derived from a heifer, a young cow or from a newly introduced animal it should receive 50% of its colostrum from an older cow of the herd. The colostrum can be kept in a frozen state for 15 years without losing too much of its original quality. The amounts of immunoglobulins and specific antibodies (against infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis and Parainfluenza-3) transferred were remarkably high and most likely due to those infections the dams had suffered from. It is proposed that programs should be introduced whereby dams are regularly vaccinated during the late gestation period. The vaccines used and their composition have to depend on the diseases prevalent in the individual countries and regions.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of human colostrum and its fraction on functional activity of B-lymphocytes].

The human colostrum stimulated by suboptimal doses (50 ng/ml) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has induced proliferation of mouse splenocytes. Addition of the human colostrum has elicited a rise in splenocyte culture supernatants. Effect of human colostrum on Ig synthesis was dose-dependent and was expressed at 0.5% concentrations in the medium. In contrast to the human colostrum, the bovine colostrum exerted a suppressive effect on proliferation of mouse splenocytes and Ig synthesis induced by suboptimal doses of LPS. Bovine casein did not significantly affect the Ig synthesis by mouse splenocytes. Suppression of the Ig synthesis was associated with bovine colostral globulins. Using the ELISPOT method we have found that a rise in the Ig level in the culture after treatment with the human colostrum was due to an increase of the number of IgG2a-secreting cells. B-cell promoting fraction was found after HPLC gel-filtration. The molecular weight of this fraction was 70-75 kD.

Animals↗