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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

An interactive microcomputer program for calculation of combined parenteral and enteral nutrition for neonates.

A responsive, iterating program is described (available on diskette from first author), which enables the physician to formulate a balanced, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for low-birth-weight and sick newborns. The program allows for the possibility of TPN or simultaneous intravenous, intraarterial, and oral feeding. It calculates the overall balance of fluids, nutrients, calories, electrolytes, minerals, trace elements, and vitamins. It features the integration of algorithms and limit tests of nutritional balance, to produce a feeding program that can be modified by clinical considerations of the physician, specific for each patient. The entire procedure can be accomplished, and a record of the entries and orders to the pharmacy and to the ward staff printed, within about 4-5 min. The program, which is written in BASIC, can be accommodated within and operated with a 16K byte microcomputer, equipped with a monitor, a printer, and a diskette or other program storage device.

Computers↗
PubMed2001

A hierarchical storage management (HSM) scheme for cost-effective on-line archival using lossy compression.

A hierarchical storage management (HSM) scheme for cost-effective on-line archival of image data using lossy compression is described. This HSM scheme also provides an off-site tape backup mechanism and disaster recovery. The full-resolution image data are viewed originally for primary diagnosis, then losslessly compressed and sent off site to a tape backup archive. In addition, the original data are wavelet lossy compressed (at approximately 25:1 for computed radiography, 10:1 for computed tomography, and 5:1 for magnetic resonance) and stored on a large RAID device for maximum cost-effective, on-line storage and immediate retrieval of images for review and comparison. This HSM scheme provides a solution to 4 problems in image archiving, namely cost-effective on-line storage, disaster recovery of data, off-site tape backup for the legal record, and maximum intermediate storage and retrieval through the use of on-site lossy compression.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

IS & C implementation of an image workstation.

The Image Save & Carry (IS & C) 5-inch magneto-optical disk system was introduced to a PACS image workstation so as to exchange digital image data between two independent PACS modules. The results showed that it was possible to connect two different PACS modules by off-line data transmission. Also, the IS & C standard software proved to be of high speed read/write performance for several data files on an image workstation. However, when the IS & C is implemented to the high resolution real-time digital radiography system, an image compression standard will be required to expand its capacity.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

A rapid speech synthesizing software on a PDA for Japanese with speech impairments.

We developed a Japanese-language, rapid synthesizing software application for use on a personal digital assistant. It has an unrestricted vocabulary and can synthesize words and sentences within 3 s. Eight hundred common sentences and words are preregistered. By touching the first character at the head of a preregistered sentence or word from an on-screen Kana (Japanese alphabet) chart, the user can select the sentence or word to be spoken. Characters on the Kana chart can also be input sequentially. Two Japanese subjects with speech impairments rated the device highly for its portability and quick response. Whereas communication previously had to be done by writing or sign language, it was easy for listeners with or without specialized training in communication with persons with speech impairments to understand the output from this device, making conversation easier which, in turn, improved the quality of life and social activity of these persons with speech impairments.

Asian People↗
PubMed1992

Portable chest radiography in intensive care: a comparison of computed and conventional radiography.

A prospective study was performed comparing computed and conventional radiography for the detection and visibility of cardiovascular devices in intensive care unit patients. Computed images were obtained using a commercially available 2K x 2K, 12-bit storage phosphor plate system. Image sets from 50 patients were assessed independently by three observers. A significant difference between the types of image was found for the detection of mediastinal drainage tubes and prosthetic valves. Computed images allowed greater confidence in the identification of courses and tips of lines. This advantage was most marked with edge-enhanced computed images.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Operating system components--Part II.

To summarize this discussion, let us look at a prototype, a capsule scenario in an OS. You make a process creation request on your local timeshare system. The long-term scheduler queues up this request, and eventually creates the corresponding process. Your process takes its turns executing, scheduled by the short-term scheduler. You request a tape drive to retrieve some archived data you need, and thus invoke the resource manager. You use the file manager to access the archived data. You use the I/O system to interact with the application program and to print the reports. The memory manager is swapping pages of your data and program between main memory and secondary memory. The dispatcher in the kernel is loading your process context into the CPU when your process is next on the execute list. The interrupt handler in the kernel is servicing interrupt requests, such as those made when you do I/O to the tape. The concurrency control in the kernel is coordinating your updating and spooled printing activities. So, your process is invoking activities throughout the various layers of the OS. Most of the time, you are unaware of these many varied activities.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1995

A multimedia-based histology laboratory course: elimination of the traditional microscope laboratory.

UNLABELLED: We have developed a multimedia-based laboratory course which has enabled us to eliminate the microscope and traditional microscope laboratory that have been mainstays of our histology course and histology courses at almost all institutions where histology is taught. The multimedia laboratory uses a library of histology images (approximately 24,000) stored on videodisc ( HISTOLOGY: A Photographic Atlas, by S. Downing) as its microscope slide collection and accesses those images through barcode and computer interfaces. The laboratory workstations consist of a videodisc player, videodisc monitor, computer, and computer monitor. One workstation is available for every 4-students, and our students are encouraged to work together in groups of four or five. In our current set-up, the students are introduced to and instructed in the basic principles of histology using a computer program that interfaces with the videodisc images. The computer program is divided into 19 chapters (the chapters are typical of the chapters found in a normal histology textbook) and has: (1) a laboratory component that covers the material traditionally covered in the microscope laboratory, and (2) a lecture component that enables the students to evaluate their understanding of the lecture material in a non-punishing way. The laboratory section of each chapter is divided into a "MicroLab" section, an "InFo Time" section, and a "Quiz Time" section. Each of these sections interfaces with histological images stored on the videodisc. The students are encouraged to work through the "MicroLab" section of each chapter before moving on to the "InFo Time" and "Quiz Time" sections. The "MicroLab" sections introduce the students to the various tissues and organs of the body and is interfaced with the videodisc player and the histology images stored on the videodisc. These sections describe the basic histological features of the various tissues and organs and give the students access to multiple examples of what they are studying. The "InFo Time" sections bring up specific images and ask the students to think about the images. Information about the images being observed is available if the students want it and the students can flag those images that they found difficult. The Quiz Time section of the program is also interfaced with the videodisc player and provides access to a large number of histology images stored on the videodisc. The "Quiz Time" sections provide non-punishing review questions that the students can study after she has worked her way through the "MicroLab" and "InFo Time" sections. In addition to the use of a computer program to access the histology images stored on videodisc, we use barcodes that address specific images on the histology videodisc in a variety of ways to augment the students' laboratory and lecture experience. The benefits of using multimedia in place of the traditional microscope and microscope slide collection are numerous and include the speed at which specific histological images can be accessed and reviewed (when compared to finding a structure on a glass slide), a significant reduction in the amount of laboratory time needed by the student to learn the same amount of information, the ease of tutoring on a large monitor screen (when compared to trying to discuss a histological structure with a student through the eyepiece of a microscope), the encouragement of group study (which is difficult to do when a student is working 1-on-with a microscope), and the reduction of the number of faculty necessary to cover a typical histology laboratory session. The use of barcodes that address specific videodisc histology images has greatly changed our examination procedures and has significantly expanded the usefulness of the traditional lecture note handouts given to our students.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1981

A simple method for determining isotope uptake in disseminated metastatic thyroid disease.

A simple method for determining isotope uptake in disseminated metastatic thyroid disease is described. This method can be adopted by a nuclear medicine department which has no on-line computer for acquisition and handling of images from a gamma camera. The equipment needed is the gamma camera, a storage device for images (analog or digital), and an option to define regions of interest and their count rate. Today this option is available in any standard gamma camera. The method is outlined by a specific example of a clinical case.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Biotrans: description of a data transfer program for the biostator.

Glucose clamp experiments are often performed by means of a Biostator. Due to the fact that this device does not provide data storage, data analysis has to be done manually or data must be fed into the computer. In order to enhance the efficacy of data analysis and to avoid time consuming work, a data acquisition program (Biotrans) has been developed which allows data transfer from the Biostator into an IBM compatible computer. After a complex analysis of incoming data, Biotrans provides on-line data storage and display features (blood glucose concentrations and glucose infusion rate). Off-line analysis of the stored data is accomplished by conventional spread sheet programs, thus permitting complex data calculations and graphic presentation. In more than 300 glucose clamp experiments performed within the last three years Biotrans was an important tool providing data storage capabilities, better control of ongoing events during an experiment and rapid and reliable data analysis immediately after completion of individual experiments.

Glucose Clamp Technique↗
PubMed1997

EEG data compression techniques.

In this paper, electroencephalograph (EEG) and Holter EEG data compression techniques which allow perfect reconstruction of the recorded waveform from the compressed one are presented and discussed. Data compression permits one to achieve significant reduction in the space required to store signals and in transmission time. The Huffman coding technique in conjunction with derivative computation reaches high compression ratios (on average 49% on Holter and 58% on EEG signals) with low computational complexity. By exploiting this result a simple and fast encoder/decoder scheme capable of real-time performance on a PC was implemented. This simple technique is compared with other predictive transformations, vector quantization, discrete cosine transform (DCT), and repetition count compression methods. Finally, it is shown that the adoption of a collapsed Huffman tree for the encoding/decoding operations allows one to choose the maximum codeword length without significantly affecting the compression ratio. Therefore, low cost commercial microcontrollers and storage devices can be effectively used to store long Holter EEG's in a compressed format.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1984

A standardized 'in vivo' model for the study of experimental arterial thrombosis: description of a method.

A method for "in vivo" induction and registration of arterial platelet thrombosis has been developed and standardized in a branch of the mesenteric artery of the white Wistar rat. It consists in local deendothelialization by electrical current. Thrombus induction is performed by topical superfusion with ADP; when the superfusion is discontinued the thrombus disappears but can again be induced reproducibly by renewal of the ADP superfusion after a time interval not exceeding 15 minutes. Registration of the thrombotic phenomenon is made possible by microprojection of the investigated arterial segment. An appropriate optoelectronic device allows the on-line derivation of discriminating parameters. Off-line storage and processing of the experimental data by computer is provided. The method is automatized and can easily be applied to other species of laboratory animals.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1999

Image is everything.

Digital imaging is transforming the practice of radiology. But provider organizations face many technical and financial challenges on the road to becoming filmless. Their own reluctance to let go of the film habit is making the transition to digital images difficult. And the complexity of the myriad technologies, as well as the high prices delivery systems and hospitals still must pay to acquire them, are slowing the march toward filmless radiology departments.

Capital Expenditures↗
PubMed2003

Nonaqueous magnesium electrochemistry and its application in secondary batteries.

A revolution in modern electronics has led to the miniaturization and evolution of many portable devices, such as cellular telephones and laptop computers, since the 1980s. This has led to an increasing demand for new and compatible energy storage technologies. Furthermore, a growing awareness of pollution issues has provided a strong impetus for the science and technology community to develop alternatives with ever-higher energy densities, with the ultimate goal of being able to propel electric vehicles. Magnesium's thermodynamic properties make this metal a natural candidate for utilization as an anode in high-energy-density, rechargeable battery systems. We report herein on the results of extensive studies on magnesium anodes and magnesium insertion electrodes in nonaqueous electrolyte solutions. Novel, rechargeable nonaqueous magnesium battery systems were developed based on the research. This work had two major challenges: one was to develop electrolyte solutions with especially high anodic stability in which magnesium anodes can function at a high level of cycling efficiency; the other was to develop a cathode that can reversibly intercalate Mg ions in these electrolyte systems. The new magnesium batteries consist of Mg metal anodes, an electrolyte with a general structure of Mg(AlX(3-n)R(n)R')(2) (R',R = alkyl groups, X = halide) in ethereal solutions (e.g., tetrahydrofuran, polyethers of the "glyme" family), and Chevrel phases of MgMo(3)S(4) stoichiometry as highly reversible cathodes. With their practical energy density expected to be >60 Wh/Kg, the battery systems can be cycled thousands of times with almost no capacity fading. The batteries are an environmentally friendly alternative to lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries and are composed of abundant, inexpensive, and nonpoisonous materials. The batteries are expected to provide superior results in large devices that require high-energy density, high cycle life, a high degree of safety, and low-cost components. Further developments in this field are in active progress.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

An audio- and speech-based interface for computer-controlled scientific instruments.

Laboratory instruments are intrinsic to research and work in a wide array of scientific fields. They are used for the control of devices, data storage, and data analysis. The control of instruments is increasingly changing from independent on-instrument controls to multiple instrument integrate software control. Unfortunately, the graphical representation of controls and data makes it difficult for an individual with a visual impairment to independently operate laboratory instruments. Alternative interfaces have been previously developed for these individuals but have often proved limited in scope and accuracy, or otherwise expensive. The resulting inaccessibility to affordable and accurate scientific instrumentation, unfortunately, discourages many individuals with a visual impairment from entering scientific fields of research or work. This paper introduces an alternative interface method developed for LabVIEW, National Instruments' instrumentation software package. The method is specifically designed for individuals with visual impairments, and uses alternative navigation techniques as well as audio feedback. The developed user interface uses simple keyboard inputs to traverse through a hierarchical tree-based menu system. Speech and audio tones are used to alert the user to system settings and errors, as well as a help mechanism and data analysis tool. At this time, alternative interfaces have been developed for the following basic laboratory instruments: an oscilloscope and function/arbitrary waveform generator. The interface methodology, however, can be extended to include any scientific instrument that can be controlled by LabVIEW.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1997

Picture archive and communication systems implementation in a community medicine practice.

In order to gain experience with vendor-supplied picture archive and communication system (PACS) products, a Vantage PACS from Lockheed-Martin was installed in a Mayo community medicine practice in Rochester. This practice produces about 45,000 radiology examinations annually. The PACS includes central long- and short-term storage devices, 10 image display workstations, and a dedicated high-speed image distribution network. Digital images are produced using two Fuji computed radiography readers. Custom worklists were created to facilitate efficient system usage. Currently, all radiographic examinations for this practice are acquired digitally, and interpreted and distributed using the PACS. Remote softcopy interpretation via PACS has decreased the turnaround time for both routine and urgent examinations, and has allowed subspecialty interpretation or consultation for pediatric examinations. These results have significantly improved the radiology component of this community medicine practice.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMed1998

A testing system for implantable cardioverter defibrillators.

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) testing during the implantation process is important in order to avoid repeated induction of arrhythmias, which extends the implantation procedure and poses a risk to the patient. Hence, an in vitro testing system has been designed to assist optimal device programming and avoid repetitive inductions. The system includes a high-speed computer with A/D and D/A subsystems. Software has been designed to eliminate repeated arrhythmia induction by real-time capture and storage of the electrogram. Subsequently, the electrogram can be replayed into ICD software simulators at a variety of settings to determine candidate programming parameters. To validate the simulation system, signals were fed directly to an ICD via an attenuator. Output event markers were captured simultaneously with the signal into a digital file to assess the device performance. Four ventricular tachycardia (VT), three supraventricular tachycardia, (SVT), three atrial flutter (AFL), three atrial fibrillation (AF), and ten ventricular fibrillation (VF) passages were used to verify the system. Test settings were 110-160 beats/min for detection rate and 5 seconds for shock delay. The simulator and ICD detected the episodes for all passages at the 110 beats/min setting. For the setting of 160 beats/min, two VTs, two SVTs, three AFLs, and nine VFs were detected by the device, but no Afb triggered a shock. The simulator detection criteria were met by two VTs, two SVTs, three AFLs, ten VFs, and one AF. The mean detection time was 6,869-7,330 ms (110-160 beats/min) for the simulator and 7,840-8,170 ms for device. Comparison of results showed general agreement between simulator and device. Results demonstrated that device behavior at a variety of settings can be elucidated by the simulator for selection of optimal performance. The automated system can also function as a test bed for evaluation of new algorithms during device development and design.

Algorithms↗