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PubMed2000

The effects of a computer skill training programme adopting social comparison and self-efficacy enhancement strategies on self-concept and skill outcome in trainees with physical disabilities.

PURPOSE: The aim of this controlled, quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the effects of both self-efficacy enhancement and social comparison training strategy on computer skills learning and self-concept outcome of trainees with physical disabilities. METHOD: The self-efficacy enhancement group comprised 16 trainees, the tutorial training group comprised 15 trainees, and there were 25 subjects in the control group. Both the self-efficacy enhancement group and the tutorial training group received a 15 week computer skills training course, including generic Chinese computer operation, Chinese word processing and Chinese desktop publishing skills. The self-efficacy enhancement group received training with tutorial instructions that incorporated self-efficacy enhancement strategies and experienced self-enhancing social comparisons. The tutorial training group received behavioural learning-based tutorials only, and the control group did not receive any training. The following measurements were employed to evaluate the outcomes: the Self-Concept Questionnaire for the Physically Disabled Hong Kong Chinese (SCQPD), the computer self-efficacy rating scale and the computer performance rating scale. RESULTS: The self-efficacy enhancement group showed significantly better computer skills learning outcome, total self-concept, and social self-concept than the tutorial training group. The self-efficacy enhancement group did not show significant changes in their computer self-efficacy: however, the tutorial training group showed a significant lowering of their computer self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: The training strategy that incorporated self-efficacy enhancement and positive social comparison experiences maintained the computer self-efficacy of trainees with physical disabilities. This strategy was more effective in improving the learning outcome (p = 0.01) and self-concept (p = 0.05) of the trainees than the conventional tutorial-based training strategy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Mastering alternative computer access: the role of understanding, trust, and automaticity.

Many individuals use computer-based assistive devices as alternatives for the fluent, automatic skills of speech, writing, and touch-typing. This paper proposes that controlling an alternative access technique should become as automatic as touch-typing or speech. The process of acquiring a cognitive-motor skill is discussed. Prerequisites to skill acquisition and impediments to motor automaticity are outlined. Factors that promote or impede skilled control of alternative computer access systems at each stage of the design, assessment, prescription, training, and evaluation process are reviewed. Several case examples are used to illustrate relevant issues.

Cognition↗
PubMed1997

Medical informatics training in pathology residency programs.

Computers and information technology are increasingly used by pathologists, necessitating training in such technology in pathology residency programs. We surveyed 176 programs in the United States and Canada to assess informatics training in terms of instructional methods used, computer availability, and type of training offered. Eighty-four programs replied, for a response rate of 48%. Ninety percent of programs reported offering formal informatics training, but only 68% of programs required it. A rotation dedicated to teaching informatics was provided in 24% of the programs; in 44% of programs, informatics was integrated with other rotations. The most common instructional methods used were hands-on experience with microcomputers and the use of tutors. In 94% of programs, computers were available for resident use; in 60%, residents had individual computers assigned to them. Five programs offered a dedicated informatics rotation but did not provide residents with individual computers, and 22 programs required informatics training but did not provide residents with individual computers. Comparison of these data with data from 1993 shows an increase in programs offering (90% vs 84%) or requiring (68% vs 59%) informatics. Fewer programs offer a dedicated rotation (24% vs 31%) or integrate informatics training with other rotations (44% vs 69%). These data suggest that although informatics training is considered important by most training programs, inadequate resources and lack of formal, structured programs may limit training.

Canada↗
PubMed1995

MedCalc: a new computer program for medical statistics.

In recent years, the use and abuse of statistics in the medical literature has extensively been reviewed. Amongst others, the importance of the P-value has been challenged and the use of misleading graphics, including 3-dimensional displays, has been criticized. The ease of access to more complex statistical procedures, since the introduction of several statistical software packages for personal computers, has been identified as one of the factors involved in the misuse of statistics. Therefore, we have developed a new computer program that includes those statistical procedures commonly encountered in the medical literature and in statistical textbooks for medical researchers. More complex statistical analyses are not implemented in the software. If researchers with limited statistical training require more sophisticated statistical analyses, they should refer to a statistician, not to a more complete statistical software package.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1998

The Healthnet project: extending online information resources to end users in rural hospitals.

The importance of easily available, high quality, and current biomedical literature within the clinical enterprise is now widely documented and accepted. Access to this information has been shown to have a direct bearing on diagnosis, choices of tests, choices of drugs, and length of hospital stay. However, many health professionals do not have adequate access to current health information, particularly those practicing in rural, isolated, or underserved hospitals. Thanks to a three-year telemedicine award from the National Library of Medicine, The University of Iowa (UI) has developed a high-speed, point-to-point telecommunications network to deliver clinical and educational applications to ten community-based Iowa hospitals. One of the services offered over the network allows health professionals from the site hospitals to access online health databases and order articles via an online document delivery service. Installation, training, and troubleshooting support are provided to the remote sites by UI project staff. To date, 1,339 health professionals from the ten networked hospitals have registered to use the Healthnet program. Despite the friendly interface on the computer workstations installed at the sites, training emerged as the key issue in maximizing health professional utilization of these programs.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed1989

End-user training: does it make a difference?

Although database access has been available via search intermediaries for some time, online services are now encouraging end users to search databases directly. In response to this trend, librarians are taking on new end-user training and support roles. But is this training effort worthwhile? The relationship between online training received and the level of implementation of end-user searching is discussed using survey data from 124 Canadian health professionals (response rate 83%). There was a positive relationship between the number of training events reported and implementation level. Several different kinds of training, in addition to formal courses, were reported by end users. The use of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) was related to more positive perceptions of online searching which, in turn, predicted higher implementation levels. Variability in the implementation levels of the respondents suggests that end users are a diverse group with different information needs and degrees of searching expertise. Various types of both formal and informal training will continue to be required by end users.

Canada↗
PubMed1991

Teaching end users the CD Plus MEDLINE menu mode in thirty minutes.

Guidance through the CD Plus menu mode is warranted and has proved worthwhile. The Stowe Library's Information Services Department offers instruction once per week; the session usually lasts thirty minutes but may run longer if the attendees are particularly astute or enthusiastic. Individuals or classes may also request instruction at times that are better suited to their schedules. Librarians who search CD Plus on a daily basis will undoubtedly become facile with the direct searching mode. New end users will probably enjoy more success by using the menu mode. The menu mode does not provide documentation; therefore, a modified text of this article including the illustrations might be considered an adequate print manual for the menus. However, many of the system capabilities cannot be used unless they are taught by an experienced operator. Such a basic but necessary introduction requires approximately one-half hour. The pace will be brisk, and time for extraneous experimentation is unlikely. A successful instruction session is a result of preparation rather than improvisation. If the specific interests of the clientele in attendance are known in advance, a reworking of the examples would be appropriate. Although no formal evaluation of this instruction technique has been made, most attendees express an appreciation and understanding of the system's capabilities by the end of the session. Tangible feedback comes from seeing an end user who had participated in instruction return to the workstation on an ongoing basis to search the database successfully.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1988

User attitudes toward end-user literature searching.

A survey to determine attitudes toward end-user searching was made at Loyola University's Medical Center Library using MEDIS, an online full-text and bibliographic medical retrieval system. One hundred forty-one completed questionnaires were analyzed for this report. Information was collected on user familiarity with computers, end-user training, system use, mechanics of searching, and attitudes toward future use. Computer familiarity was highest among the faculty users. Ninety percent of the respondents saw librarians as a crucial agent in training and in providing end-user assistance. Respondents identified five major reasons for using the system: helpfulness, convenience, time savings, rapid feedback, and presentation of needed information. Searching the MEDLINE database rather than the full-text database was the search method of choice. Continued use of both mediated and end-user searching was intended by most of the respondents. Survey results support a perceived need for end-user searching and confirmed recommendations of the Association of American Medical Colleges on medical information science skills.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

Education and training in health informatics.

In this contribution the AIM Concerted Action Education and Training in Health Informatics (EDUCTRA) is discussed. The activities of the Concerted Action and the results of a survey conducted in 1993 concerning the state-of-the-art of education and training in health informatics in healthcare are presented.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed1998

The Diatek Arkive "Organizer" patient information management system: experience at a university hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To install and successfully use early commercial automatic anesthesia recordkeepers, the Diatek Arkive "Organizer" units, in the operating rooms at a major university medical center. METHODS: Because of the history of previous academic attempts at automatic anesthesia recordkeeping, the units were installed on a "surprise" basis, with hardly any discussion of the devices beforehand. RESULTS: The devices themselves had a number of minor difficulties at the start, most of which were promptly corrected. Eventually the units were in use in all non-cardiac general operating rooms. At one point, usage reached over 90% of possible cases. Continued opposition to the device on the part of certain individuals, coupled with the obsolescence of the present devices in light of new technology, led to the eventual abandonment of the system and removal of the devices from service. DISCUSSION: Total resistance to the new devices on the part of a few vocal faculty members was a major factor in the ultimate downfall of the system. The method of introduction, and especially the lack of involvement of faculty, residents, surgeons, operating room personnel, hospital computer personnel, and the hospital administration in the installation also played a role in the failure of the system. Lack of a workable training mechanism for new residents prevented that user group from rapidly gaining comfort with the systems.

Anesthesia Department, Hospital↗
PubMed1998

Searching MEDLINE free on the Internet using the National Library of Medicine's PubMed.

Searching MEDLINE, the National Library of Medicine's premier bibliographic database covering the fields of medicine, nursing, dental medicine, the healthcare system, veterinary medicine, and the preclinical sciences, is now available free on the Internet through PubMed. This retrieval system allows users of all skill levels to obtain important medical information. Additionally, through the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) program, a division of NLM, user support in the form of phone, e-mail, and training is available free of charge. Those interested in having a training session for PubMed at their facility may contact the NN/LM to make arrangements.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed1999

The thought translation device: a neurophysiological approach to communication in total motor paralysis.

A thought translation device (TTD) for brain-computer communication is described. Three patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with total motor paralysis, were trained for several months. In order to enable such patients to communicate without any motor activity, a technique was developed where subjects learn to control their slow cortical potentials (SCP) in a 2-s rhythm, producing either cortical negativity or positivity according to the task requirement. SCP differences between a baseline interval and an active control interval are transformed into vertical or horizontal cursor movements on a computer screen. Learning SCP self regulation followed an operant-conditioning paradigm with individualized shaping procedures. After prolonged training over more than 100 sessions, all patients achieved self-control, leading to a 70-80% accuracy for two patients. The learned cortical skill enabled the patients to select letters or words in a language-supporting program (LSP) developed for inter-personal communication. The results demonstrate that the fast and stable SCP self-control can be achieved with operant training and without mediation of any muscle activity. The acquired skill allows communication even in total locked-in states.

Adult↗