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PubMed1992

Standard definitions for childhood injury research: excerpts of a conference report.

As awareness of the huge human and other costs of injury has grown, research has expanded. There has not been any standard set of terminology for use in this research. As a result, research and surveillance data are too often difficult to interpret and compare. To overcome this impediment to gains in needed knowledge about childhood injuries, a conference was held in 1989 by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to develop a set of standard definitions. The full conference report is available from the US Government Printing Office. This report presents excerpts, emphasizing those--core--variables likely to be of use to the largest number of investigators. The conference recommendations presented address cross-cutting factors (age, race/ethnicity, location, socioeconomic status, and biopsychosocial development), effect modifiers (exposure, medical risk factors, substance abuse, time, injury severity, and social risk factors), and specific injuries (motor vehicle injuries, central nervous system injuries, falls, fire/burns, drowning, and violence). It is expected that childhood injury investigators will strive to meet the recommendations of this conference and that use of these definitions will lead to improvements in research and, ultimately, to revision of the definitions.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Prevention of youth violence.

Youth violence is widely recognized as a major public health problem. Concern over the number of youth affected by violence in their homes, communities, and in schools has precipitated considerable discussion in the popular press and in professional journals. This article reviews recent activity to reduce youth violence with an emphasis on activity taking place in Maryland. The number of youth murdered or exposed to violence in Maryland remains too high. Although most of our youth are resilient, they are not unaffected by the violence that surrounds them. Exposure to violence places children at high risk for a variety of emotional and behavioral problems, such as poor academic performance, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and inadequate socialization and development.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[History and pathophysiologic analysis of the various techniques in bariatric surgery].

Bariatric surgery for the treatment of morbid obesity or overweight refractory to medical therapy was born at the beginning of second half of the twentieth century, and its first steps were uncertain and with a not jet well definite purpose. In fact the main result to be pursued seemed to be simply the reduction of body weight, and any change of anatomy of the digestive tract able to reduce the absorbtion of nutrients was judged adequate. But very early the adverse consequences of malabsorption so obtained became evident, and other operations possibly free from those complications were devised and clinically tested. So aside the by-pass operations many other surgical procedures found their room, all of them aiming to fight the ever more diffuse obesity of the people. This historical review of the various surgical procedures attempted in these last sixty years for morbid obesity is very interesting for a better understanding of the problem and to have a solid basis for future rational choices.

Bariatric Surgery↗
PubMed1991

Sleeping giant.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acoustic neuroma.

The National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Acoustic Neuroma brought together neurosurgeons, radiosurgeons, otologists, neurologists, audiologists, otolaryngologists, and other health care professionals as well as the public to reach agreement (1) on defining the clinical types of acoustic neuroma, (2) on which procedures are useful for screening and diagnosis, (3) on the options available for managing the disorder as well as the complications of treatment, and (4) on the key clinical and biological areas for future research. Following 2 days of presentations by experts and discussion by the audience, a consensus panel weighed the evidence and prepared their consensus statement. Among their findings, the panel concluded that (1) the term vestibular schwannoma is preferred over acoustic neuroma as these tumors are composed of Schwann cells and typically involve the vestibular rather than the acoustic division of the 8th cranial nerve; (2) treatment for vestibular schwannoma must be individualized and requires an experienced, well-integrated, multidisciplinary team approach; (3) surgery remains the treatment of choice, but research is needed on the relative benefits and risks of all management options, including pharmaceutical and other alternative medical treatments such as tumor suppressing agents; (4) routine intraoperative monitoring of the facial nerve should be included in surgical therapy for vestibular schwannoma; (5) neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) should be carefully considered in all patients newly diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma, and, when found, genetic evaluation and counseling should be provided for all relevant family members; and (6) a registry for all patients with vestibular schwannoma, whether undergoing observation or active management, should be established.

Forecasting↗