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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

A survey of radiographic prescription in dental implant assessment.

OBJECTIVES: To survey the current radiographic prescriptions in dental implant assessment amongst dentists in Brazil. METHODS: Sixty-nine dentists were interviewed during a dental implant meeting by two calibrated graduate students, using a 19-question questionnaire, considering imaging modality options both for pre-operative implant site assessment and for follow-up, particularly with respect to cost, patient radiation dose, and broad coverage of facial bones and teeth. Epi-Info 6.04 software was used to analyse the database file. RESULTS: Approximately 63.8% of the dentists prescribed only panoramic radiography for dental implant assessment and 28.9% ordered panoramic radiography plus periapical radiography and/or conventional tomography and/or computed tomography (CT). Only 7.2% of the dentists ordered conventional tomography or CT as a single examination, although 10.1% ordered it in combination with other imaging modalities. The main reasons given for prescribing panoramic radiography were broad coverage and cost (86.4%). CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that most of the dentists in this study prescribe panoramic radiographs in dental implant assessment based on broad coverage and cost. They are not following the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology recommendations regarding cross-sectional imaging.

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early tissue reaction at the interface of immediately loaded dental implants.

PURPOSE: The treatment of patients with early or immediately loaded dental implants has renewed interest in the behavior of osteoblasts at the implant surface under load. A newly designed dental implant indicated for immediate loading was tested in vivo for early stages of osteoblast behavior at the implant surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two implants were placed in the mandibles of 8 minipigs. Half of the implants (n = 16) were immediately loaded under occlusal contacts, and implants placed in non-occlusal relations served as a control. RESULTS: All implants, except 1 that showed signs of tissue infection, healed uneventfully and were stable throughout the experimental period. Ultrastructural analysis of mandibular specimens revealed an intimate attachment of osteoblasts to the material surface beginning as early as day 1. Application of either occlusal or non-occlusal load did not alter the phenotypic morphology of the attached osteoblasts. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated a direct contact of bone-like minerals over the whole implant surface with no signs of crestal hard tissue alteration. Electron diffraction analysis showed a slight release of titanium from the implant side. DISCUSSION: These results indicate that immediate loading of specially designed dental implants can be performed without disruption of the titanium/bone interface or disturbance of osteoblast physiology in the early loading phase. CONCLUSION: Immediate loading protocols can be performed without disturbance of normal bone biology.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of Nd: YAG laser on titanium dental implants studied by AFM.

Bacterial contamination of dental implants is considered the main cause of implant failure. Recently, the laser treatment of the implant surface has been proposed as an useful method for decontamination. In such a view, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of a Nd:YAG laser on the surface morphology of a titanium dental implant by means of an atomic force microscope. We demonstrated that, when the pulse energy of the laser was kept below 30 mJ, independently from the pulse rate, the laser-treated specimens exhibited a qualitatively similar surface morphology when compared to the untreated titanium implants, suggesting that the implant surface was unaffected by the treatment, in these particular conditions. We also found that, by cooling the implant surface with an air flow? during laser irradiation, the mean temperature of the implant was maintained under 37 degrees C. All these data taken together suggest the possibility to use Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of failing dental implants.

Decontamination↗
PubMed1996

Intraocular hemorrhage associated with dental implant surgery.

PURPOSE: To report a complication of dental implant surgery. METHOD: We examined a 44-year-old man with systemic hypertension who reported sudden loss of the central visual field in one eye that occurred during maxillar dental implant surgery. RESULTS: Subretinal, intraretinal, and intravitreal hemorrhages in the right eye were present on initial examination. Intraocular hemorrhage may have been caused by a Valsalva maneuver in combination with a rise of systemic blood pressure during treatment. CONCLUSION: Intraocular hemorrhages may occur as a complication of dental implant surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Degradation of hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, and fluorhydroxyapatite coatings of dental implants in dogs.

Calcium phosphate coatings on dental implants enhance integration of the material. Resorption of the ceramic coatings has raised some concern about the behavior of the bone-implant interfaces after the coating disappearance. Substitution of the OH- ions by fluoride in the hydroxylapatite (HA) lattice makes the calcium phosphate more stable. We investigated the degradation rate of dental implants with 50- and 100-microm coatings of HA, fluorapatite (FA), or fluorhydroxylapatite (FHA). The implants were inserted in dog jaws and retrieved for histological analysis after 3, 6, and 12 months. The thickness of the calcium phosphate coatings was evaluated using an image analysis device. A relative resorption index and its standard deviation were studied. HA and FA coatings (even at 100-microm thickness) were almost totally degraded within the implantation period. In contrast, the FHA coatings did not show significant degradation during the same period. The standard deviation showed that the resorption process for FHA with thicknesses of 50 or 100 microm was the same. Such a difference was not observed between the 50- and 100-microm thick coatings of FA and HA. In conclusion, the FHA coatings showed good integration in the bone tissue and lasted much longer than classic calcium phosphate coatings.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Bone growth around dental implants.

For the complete understanding of stimulation of bone growth around dental implants, a thorough knowledge is necessary regarding the reaction of bone to trauma and to a variety of implant materials. The atraumatic preparation of the bony implant bed serves to create the most favorable situation for the formation of bone around any implant material. Some implant materials are more likely to result in soft tissue encapsulation despite the most careful handling of bone; others result in different amounts of implant-bone contact zones. From the character and the amount of bone formation around different implants, it can be concluded whether the used materials are biocompatible. Titanium-surfaced implants may not demonstrate the biocompatibility that is seen with hydroxyapatite-coated implants. However, the results seen with hydroxyapatite-coated implants have to be viewed critically because the biointegrity of these coatings has not been demonstrated until now. On the other hand, titanium-surfaced implants have success rates for as long as 25 years and enable the implantologist to rely on a well-accepted implant material. The use of guided tissue regeneration and the sinus augmentation technique appear to enable the implantologist to stimulate bone formation around dental implants. These techniques may extend the limits for the successful placement of dental implants into bone-deficient sites.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of two-dimensional orthoradially reformatted computed tomography and panoramic radiography for dental implant treatment planning.

The widespread use of dental implants in partially and completely edentulous patients has brought about a need to preoperatively depict and quantify accurate bone height and contour. A number of conventional intraoral and extraoral radiographic techniques have been used, including the relatively new modality of two-dimensional orthoradially reformatted computed tomography. Despite rapid advances in imaging technology, many clinicians continue to rely on techniques such as panoramic radiography that produce images that distort the jaws nonuniformly. This study compared bone height measurements of jaws made with these two imaging modalities. Nineteen sites in 10 patients were imaged with both techniques and mean bone height was determined for each imaging technique and site. Significant differences were found between mean bone heights measured with the two imaging modalities (p < 0.0005). Situations in which the use of dental implants would be particularly advantageous demonstrated the largest discrepancies, that is, when bone height measurements were less than 15 mm.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1988

The use of animal models in research on dental implants.

The use of animal models in the study of dental implants has contributed greatly to our present understanding of the many different devices in use today. Animal testing plays a major role in assessing the safety and efficacy of dental implants. Standardized tests for determination of the toxicity and general biocompatibility responses of dental implants have been developed by the American Dental Association, the American National Standards Institute, and the Fédération Dentaire Internationale. To date, animal testing has shown the nature of soft tissue attachment to implants and the types of interfacial tissues within bone sites. There have been increased studies correlating animal tests with in vitro analysis and human studies. Additional development of testing remains to be accomplished to show the effects of function on host tissue and the long-term safety of dental implants.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Glass fiber-reinforced abutments for dental implants. A pilot study.

Titanium abutments in dental implants shine through all-ceramic crowns and therefore limit excellent esthetic results. Prototypes of tooth-colored fiber-reinforced abutments were investigated to avoid the shining-through effect. In vitro, the fracture strength was determined after thermal cycling and mechanical loading of all-ceramic single crowns and four-unit bridges made of a fiber-reinforced composite. The suprastructures were adhesively fixed onto fiber-reinforced implant abutments and compared with those fixed on standard titanium abutments. The median of the fracture strength of the titanium-supported all-ceramic crowns was significantly higher than the median of crowns fixed onto the prototypes. But this value was still more than twice as high as the maximum loading force under oral conditions. No statistical difference was found between four-unit bridges made by fiber-reinforced composite inserted onto titanium abutments and those inserted onto fiber-reinforced abutments. Fiber-reinforced abutment prototypes for dental implants avoided the shining-through effect associated with metal abutments. Their load-bearing capacity after in vitro stress simulation was higher than the maximum oral loading force. With some improvements, the fiber-reinforced implant abutments are therefore a promising alternative to titanium abutments.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed2005

Osseointegrated dental implants in private practice: a long-term case series study.

BACKGROUND: Osseointegrated dental implants have become a routinely recommended procedure in the clinical practice of dentistry and periodontics. Due to their predictability, they have changed the way many cases are treatment planned. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a prospective study of factors affecting the successes and failures of a large group of dental implants and compare them to published literature. METHODS: A total of 1,003 consecutively placed pure titanium dental implants placed from August 1987 to January 2002 and followed to October 2003 are reported. All implants were placed in one private practice by the same surgeon. RESULTS: Success rates statistically were influenced only by the age of the implant, although when the raw data are examined, some trends are seen. Success was unaffected by patient age, gender, surface roughness of implant, site of placement, smoking, bone type, arch, screw versus press-fit, diameter, length, manufacturer, reason for tooth loss, site bony augmentation and timing, placement timing, one-versus two-stage placement, or torque testing of implants; 75% of failures occurred before restoration. CONCLUSIONS: Osseointegrated dental implants are a highly predictable procedure with proper case selection. Failure rates vary for a number of factors reviewed, although only the age of the implant was statistically important in predicting failure. Male smokers, maxillary first molars, and type 4 bone had increased failure rates. Threaded, surface-roughened implants had the highest success rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Cost-benefit evaluation of dental implants.

The growing evidence of the efficacy and effectiveness of dental implants calls for economic evaluations to determine the economic efficiency of this technology for different indications. Such studies must be integrated with the clinical evaluations in order to produce the relevant data. In most cases, dental implants will produce a better outcome than the best alternative technology, but this improvement will only come at greater cost. Cost-benefit evaluations of dental implants must therefore address the difficult task of assessing the value of the improvement in oral health.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1993

The management of peri-implant breakdown around functioning osseointegrated dental implants.

Peri-implant tissue breakdown can be the result of microbial action as well as of biomechanical and occlusal overload. The long-term goal of the treatment of peri-implant breakdown is to arrest the progression of the disease and to achieve a maintainable site for the patient. Peri-implant bony defects around functioning implants can be treated with either non-surgical or surgical (resective or regenerative) techniques. Bone regeneration is possible in selected peri-implant bony defects of functioning implants if appropriate surgical techniques are utilized and the etiologic cause is eradicated.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1993

A three-dimensional, finite-element analysis of bone around dental implants in an edentulous human mandible.

The design of dental superstructures influences the loading on dental implants and the deformation of the anterior interforaminal bone in an edentulous mandible. This deformation causes stress in the bone around the implants and may lead to bone resorption and loss of the implant. The stress distribution around dental implants in an edentulous mandible was calculated by means of a three-dimensional, finite-element model of an entire lower jaw. This model was built from data obtained from slices of a single human mandible and was provided with two endosseous implants in the interforaminal region. The implants were either connected with a bar or remained solitary, and were loaded with a horizontal bite force of 10 N, a vertical bite force of 35 N, or an oblique bite force of 70 N. The most extreme principal stresses in the bone were always located around the neck of the implant. Stress around the implant was, therefore, not only caused by the local deformation of the bone due to movement of the implant and interface relative to the surrounding bone but also by the bending of the mandible. The most extreme principal stress was found with oblique bite forces. The highest maximum and lowest minimum principal stresses were 7.4 and -16.2 MPa in the model without the bar and 6.5 and -16.5 MPa in the model with the bar. When differences in the amount of bite force were eliminated, the vertical bite force resulted in the lowest stress.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bite Force↗
PubMed1994

Assessment of implant mobility at second-stage surgery with the Periotest: DICRG Interim Report No. 3. Dental Implant Clinical Research Group.

Many of the presently used methods of evaluating osseointegration at implant uncovering are highly subjective. The Periotest is claimed to offer a more objective means to assess osseointegration by means of microcomputer-controlled percussion. Investigators involved in a long-term clinical study of dental implants being conducted by the Dental Implant Clinical Research Group used the Periotest to evaluate the mobility associated with all study implants at second-stage surgery and correlate the Periotest values with various bone densities. The Periotest values for 1,838 root form implants ranged from -8 to +25. Implants that appeared to be osseointegrated at uncovering recorded a mean Periotest value of -3.37 +/- 3.25, while nonosseointegrated implants had a mean Periotest value of +13.87 +/- 14.27. Mean Periotest values were -3.82 +/- 3.04 for quality 1 bone, -3.70 +/- 3.06 for quality 2 bone, -3.31 +/- 3.18 for quality 3 bone, and -1.29 +/- 3.57 for quality 4 bone. The Periotest has the potential of being a valuable instrument for assessing the status of osseointegration at second-stage surgery.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of the peri-implant membrane induced around ceramic dental implants in dogs: a transmission electron microscopic study.

A description of the supporting tissues of single-crystal sapphire implants which had functioned for twelve months is reported. The tissue was recovered at autopsy. The peri-implant membrane was formed by the action of mastication forces on the implants and consisted of three non-mineralized connective tissue layers. Layer I was composed of collagen fibers. These fibers were oriented parallel to the implant surface. Layer II lacked collagen fibers. This layer was composed of connective tissue materials. Layer III was covered by osteoclasts or osteoblasts. This layer was composed of collagen fibers which radiated to the bone surface. The collagen fiber bundles did not run from the implant fibers to the bone fibers. This peri-implant membrane formed only a hammock-like supporting mechanism. These findings suggest that the implant had been encapsulated by the peri-implant membrane, which failed to distribute masticulation stress to the peripheral tissues. One year after implantation of single-crystal implants, the tissue-implants interface was observed. Non-mineralized connective tissue layers (a "peri-implant membrane") existed at all implant interfaces. The origin of this structure and the role of a peri-implant membrane are discussed.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed2002

Ten-year results of a prospective study using porous-surfaced dental implants and a mandibular overdenture.

BACKGROUND: Numerous investigators have used osseointegrated dental implants as retention for mandibular overdentures, but few have reported 10-year outcomes or incorporated carefully standardized radiographs to document crestal bone loss. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to use a prospective clinical trial design to assess the performance of short sintered porous-surfaced dental implants with a mandibular complete overdenture when all patients in the trial had undergone 10 years of continuous function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two fully edentulous patients, most with advanced alveolar ridge resorption, each received three free-standing Endopore implants (7-10 mm in length, mean length, 8.7 mm; Innova Corporation, Toronto, ON, Canada) in the mandibular symphysis region. After 10 weeks of submerged healing, these implants were used to support an overdenture. Carefully standardized radiographs, using a customized stainless steel filmholder attached to each implant and the x-ray tube, were collected at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, yearly to 5 years, and then again at 7and 10 years. RESULTS: Life table analysis revealed a 10-year implant survival of 92.7% and a mean annual bone loss after year 1 of 0.03 mm. CONCLUSION: Short free-standing dental implants with a sintered porous surface used for implant fixation are a predictable and effective means of retaining a mandibular overdenture in patients with advanced mandibular ridge resorption.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1999

Dental implants in alveolar cleft patients: a retrospective study.

Since 1994, 15 cleft patients have received dental implants after treatment of the alveolar clefts by osteoplastic measures. Altogether 23 dental implants were undertaken. Twelve implants were inserted after tertiary osteoplasty, 7 with simultaneous repeat-osteoplasty, and another 4 implants following two-stage re-osteoplasty. In 11 patients with a total of 17 implants clinical and radiological follow-ups were performed. An individual crown was constructed on each of the implants. The radiological evaluation revealed that 70% of the implants were fully embedded in bone. All implants except one remained in situ and stable. Thus, the success rate was 96% retention. It is believed that a dental implant in the alveolar cleft may be lost because of its unfavourable location in terms of stability and function or because it was inserted too late. Scars resulting from previous surgery can also play a role in the failure of an implant. Therefore it is proposed that dental implants should not be inserted later than 6 to 8 weeks following osteoplasty of the cleft alveolus.

Adolescent↗