PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “DISEASE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dementia and internal diseases: incidence of internal diseases in Alzheimer dementia, vascular dementia and other dementing diseases].

The medical histories and postmortems of 30 patients with neuropathologically verified Alzheimer's disease were compared with a group of 20 patients suffering from vascular dementia and a group of 10 patients with other forms of dementia. The total numbers of clinically or pathologically diagnosed medical disorders did not show significant differences between the different forms of dementia. Metabolic, infectious, degenerative, and malignant disorders occurred with similar frequency in all investigated groups. Cardiovascular diseases were only slightly more common in patients with vascular dementia. In contrast to several earlier clinical or epidemiological studies, it has to be concluded that patients with Alzheimer's dementia cannot be considered physically "healthier" than patients with other forms of dementia. Therefore, they need the same medical attention as do other elderly demented patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Cold exposure and winter mortality from ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, and all causes in warm and cold regions of Europe. The Eurowinter Group.

BACKGROUND: Differences in baseline mortality, age structure, and influenza epidemics confound comparisons of cold-related increases in mortality between regions with different climates. The Eurowinter study aimed to assess whether increases in mortality per 1 degree C fall in temperature differ in various European regions and to relate any differences to usual winter climate and measures to protect against cold. METHODS: Percentage increases in deaths per day per 1 degree C fall in temperature below 18 degrees C (indices of cold-related mortality) were estimated by generalised linear modelling. We assessed protective factors by surveys and adjusted by regression to 7 degrees C outdoor temperature. Cause-specific data gathered from 1988 to 1992 were analysed by multiple regression for men and women aged 50-59 and 65-74 in north Finland, south Finland, Baden-Württemburg, the Netherlands, London, and north Italy (24 groups). We used a similar method to analyse 1992 data in Athens and Palermo. FINDINGS: The percentage increases in all-cause mortality per 1 degree C fall in temperature below 18 degrees C were greater in warmer regions than in colder regions (eg, Athens 2.15% [95% CI 1.20-3.10] vs south Finland 0.27% [0.15-0.40]). At an outdoor temperature of 7 degrees C, the mean living-room temperature was 19.2 degrees C in Athens and 21.7 degrees C in south Finland; 13% and 72% of people in these regions, respectively, wore hats when outdoors at 7 degrees C. Multiple regression analyses (with allowance for sex and age, in the six regions with full data) showed that high indices of cold-related mortality were associated with high mean winter temperatures, low living-room temperatures, limited bedroom heating, low proportions of people wearing hats, gloves, and anoraks, and inactivity and shivering when outdoors at 7 degrees C (p < 0.01 for all-cause mortality and respiratory mortality; p > 0.05 for mortality from ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease). INTERPRETATION: Mortality increased to a greater extent with given fall of temperature in regions with warm winters, in populations with cooler homes, and among people who wore fewer clothes and were less active outdoors.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Clinical characteristics of polycystic kidney disease with end-stage renal disease. The Kanazawa Renal Disease Study Group.

AIMS: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of important causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, there have been few detailed reports on PKD patients with ESRD. The present study was designed to clarify the clinical characteristics of PKD patients with ESRD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We collected data from 22 renal divisions in our region, where 63 of 1246 patients with ESRD (male/female: 31/32) were proven to suffer from PKD (5.06%). RESULTS: The average age at the induction of renal replacement therapy was 52.4 +/- 10.0 years. Of these patients, 32 (50.8%) had some family members with apparent PKD. Three (4.8%) and 4 (6.3%) had a history of subarachnoidal hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage, respectively. One (1.6%) suffered from tuberous sclerosis. The prevalence of hypertension treated with antihypertensives, anemia treated with rHuEPO, hepatic cyst, pancreatic cyst, intracranial aneurysm and colonic diverticulum were 66.7%, 58.7%, 85.7%, 16.0%, 33.3% and 50.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: There was no marked difference in general characteristics or history between the present subjects and those described in previous reports. However, the prevalence of complications seemed to be higher than previously estimated.

Female↗
PubMed2001

[Still a small problem with the mad cow disease? Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other prion diseases: current status].

This review is based on recent published research on the BSE/CJD/vCJD problem mainly from UK, Germany and France. The situation in Sweden seems to be fortunate for several reasons. The use of meat and bonemeal as animal fodder was forbidden in this country 13 years ago. Sweden has not had any sheep with scrapie for many years. No animals with BSE have so far been found in our country. The incidence of sporadic CJD in this country followed retrospectively from 1985 to 1996 and prospectively from 1997 to 1999 has been around 1.2 per million per year with no significant increase. Only few cases of familial CJD are known. No patient with iatrogenic CJD has ever been found. The use of growth hormone derived from human pituitary glands was abandoned in 1985 when recombinant human growth hormone became available. So far there is no indication that any of the CJD cases diagnosed in Sweden has been of the vCJD type, the one linked to BSE. However, as the incubation period for prion diseases is very long and the Swedes are frequent travellers there is a risk that people from our country could have contracted vCJD through consuming meat products in countries with BSE. As a precaution the consumption of brain, spinal cord, lymphatic tissue, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract should be avoided. Human pituitary derived growth hormone is still available in some countries and might be illegally imported into Sweden.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Prion Diseases: Update on Mad Cow Disease, Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, and the Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies.

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorders that share a common spongiform histopathology. TSEs may be transmitted in a sporadic, familial, iatrogenic, or zoonotic fashion. The putative infectious agent of TSE, the prion, represents a novel paradigm of infectious disease with disease transmission in the absence of nucleic acid. Several small but spectacular epidemics of TSEs in man have prompted widespread public health and food safety concerns. Although TSEs affect a comparatively small number of individuals, prion research has revealed fascinating insights of direct relevance to common illnesses. This paper reviews recent advances that have shed new light on the nature of prions and TSEs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Some specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR/DQ haplotypes are more important than individual HLA-DR and -DQ phenotypes for the development of mucocutaneous type of Behçet's disease and for disease shift from recurrent aphthous stomatitis to mucocutaneous type of Behçet's disease.

The phenotype and haplotype frequencies of human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-DR and -DQ in 32 Chinese patients with the mucocutaneous (MC) type of Behçet's disease (BD) were calculated and compared with those in 310 healthy control Chinese and with those in 80 Chinese patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). We found that the phenotype frequency of HLA-DRw8 [corrected P (Pc)<0.005] and the haplotype frequencies of HLA-DRw8/DQw1 (Pc<0.005), -DRw8/DQw5(w1) (Pc<0.0005), -DRw12(5)/DQw1 (Pc<0.005), -DRw12(5)/DQw6(w1) (Pc< 0.0005), and -DRw52/DQw1 (Pc<0.005) in patients with the MC type of BD were significantly greater than those in healthy control subjects. This finding suggests that individual Chinese with HLA-DRw8 antigen and HLA-DRw8/DQw1, -DRw8/DQw5(w1), -DRw12(5)/DQw1, -DRw12(5)/DQw6(w1) and -DRw52/DQw1 haplotypes are more likely to have the MC type of BD. Furthermore, the relative risks (RRs) of HLA-DRw8/DQw1 (5.6), -DRw8/ DQw5 (w1) (10.0), and -DRw12(5)/DQw6(w1) (14.4) haplotypes in patients with the MC type of BD were equal to or higher than the RR of HLA-DRw8 phenotype (5.6), suggesting that some of the HLA-DR/DQ haplotypes may play more important roles than the individual HLA-DR and -DQ phenotypes for the development of the MC type of BD. The phenotype frequencies of HLA-DR5 (Pc<0.01), -DRw8 (Pc<0.005) and -DQw1 (Pc<0.05) as well as the haplotype frequencies of HLA-DR5/DQw1 (P<0.005) and -DRw8/DQw1 (Pc<0.00005) in patients with the MC type of BD were significantly higher than those in patients with RAS. Moreover, the RRs of HLA-DR5/DQw1 (29.1) and -DRw8/DQw1 (47.4) haplotypes were greater than the RRs of HLA-DR5 (10.4), -DRw8 (23.4) and -DQw1 (4.0) antigens. These results suggest that some specific HLA-DR/DQ haplotypes may be more important than the individual HLA-DR and -DQ phenotypes in the disease shift from RAS to the MC type of BD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Proteolipoprotein gene analysis in 82 patients with sporadic Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease: duplications, the major cause of the disease, originate more frequently in male germ cells, but point mutations do not. The Clinical European Network on Brain Dysmyelinating Disease.

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease (PMD) is an X-linked developmental defect of myelination affecting the central nervous system and segregating with the proteolipoprotein (PLP) locus. Investigating 82 strictly selected sporadic cases of PMD, we found PLP mutations in 77%; complete PLP-gene duplications were the most frequent abnormality (62%), whereas point mutations in coding or splice-site regions of the gene were involved less frequently (38%). We analyzed the maternal status of 56 cases to determine the origin of both types of PLP mutation, since this is relevant to genetic counseling. In the 22 point mutations, 68% of mothers were heterozygous for the mutation, a value identical to the two-thirds of carrier mothers that would be expected if there were an equal mutation rate in male and female germ cells. In sharp contrast, among the 34 duplicated cases, 91% of mothers were carriers, a value significantly (chi2=9. 20, P<.01) in favor of a male bias, with an estimation of the male/female mutation frequency (k) of 9.3. Moreover, we observed the occurrence of de novo mutations between parental and grandparental generations in 17 three-generation families, which allowed a direct estimation of the k value (k=11). Again, a significant male mutation imbalance was observed only for the duplications. The mechanism responsible for this strong male bias in the duplications may involve an unequal sister chromatid exchange, since two deletion events, responsible for mild clinical manifestations, have been reported in PLP-related diseases.

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulato↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of the Consensus Study Group of the European Workshop for Rheumatology Research. III. Development of a computerised clinical chart and its application to the comparison of different indices of disease activity. The European Consensus Study Group for Disease Activity in SLE.

In the first phase of this study, a data-base containing clinical and laboratory findings of 704 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), originating from 29 centres and 14 countries, was used to assess the validity of 4 common indices of disease activity, SLAM, BILAG, SLEDAI and SIS. The physician's judgement of activity was assumed as the unique reference criterion (gold standard). Computer programmes were developed to calculate automatically the 4 activity indices; this computation appeared to correspond with manual computations in a sample of 60 appropriately selected cases. All 4 indices were closely correlated with each other (r in the range of 0.716 to 0.872), and with the physician's score (r in the range of 0.620 to 0.719). In the second phase of the study the activity index developed in part I (ECLAM) was prospectively validated, and its performance compared to that of the other scales, both as a single state index and as a transition index (i.e., its ability to assess disease activity at a single point in time and to detect variations in consecutive readings). A computer-assisted clinical chart was prepared for this purpose. This chart allowed us to calculate automatically all the indices. Two consecutive observation times (time 0, and time 1 three months later) were included in the study protocol. Data on 75 patients from 19 centres were collected, and each patient was observed twice. All the computed indices were closely correlated, both at time 0 (r ranging from 0.725 to 0.884), and at time 1 (r ranging from 0.607 to 0.833).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed2002

Assessing disease activity and disease activity indices for inflammatory bowel disease.

A crucial step in the development of clinical trials to determine the efficacy of various therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been the creation of activity indices. This article reviews the major components and operating characteristics of clinical activity indices commonly used in randomized, controlled trials of IBD therapy. In addition, the paper provides a brief overview of the developmental requirements for any new index.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed2004

Modern diagnostics in chronic myeloproliferative diseases (CMPDs).

According to the new WHO classification a group of chronic myeloproliferative diseases (CMPDs) were defined: chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), chronic eosinophilic leukemia and hypereosinophilic syndrome (CEL/HES), polycythemia vera (PV), chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (with extramedullary hematopoiesis, CIMF), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and so called CMPD/unclassifiable. As clinical features and laboratory findings differ widely between these diseases several diagnostic approaches are mandatory at diagnosis for classification and are needed also for follow up studies, especially for the measurement of minimal residual disease (MRD). We here outline the laboratory set up at diagnosis and during follow up in CMPDs with specific focus on the respective therapeutical consequences. Only by using a comprehensive diagnostic panel including cytomorphology, cytogenetics, and molecular genetic methods establishing the correct diagnosis, optimizing treatment as well as evaluating treatment response is possible in CMPDs today.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed2004

Evidence for increased cardiovascular disease risk in patients with chronic kidney disease.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chronic kidney disease is becoming recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recent publications on cardiovascular disease risk in chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease risk factors in chronic kidney disease and clinical trials for cardiovascular disease risk reduction in chronic kidney disease are summarized. RECENT FINDINGS: An American Heart Association statement published in 2003 recommended that patients with chronic kidney disease be considered as members of the 'highest risk group' for subsequent cardiovascular disease events. In the past year, several large prospective studies have reported that cardiovascular disease risk is independently associated with chronic kidney disease markers, e.g. elevated serum creatinine, low estimated glomerular filtration rate and microalbuminuria. The populations studied have included community samples of middle-aged and older adults, subjects with myocardial infarction, those undergoing coronary angiography, and transplant patients. There is a very strong crude association between a low glomerular filtration rate and cardiovascular disease and mortality. Much of the association is explained by traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, but an independent risk remains. Studies have documented a disturbing underutilization of preventive treatments for cardiovascular disease among patients with chronic kidney disease. Studies of non-traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors are reviewed. The utility of targeting these for cardiovascular disease risk reduction needs to be proved. A summary of large ongoing clinical trials intended to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in chronic kidney disease is presented. SUMMARY: Increasing data support the importance of chronic kidney disease as a predictor of cardiovascular disease risk. However, treatments designed to lower cardiovascular disease risk are used less often in patients with chronic kidney disease than in patients without chronic kidney disease. There is a need for increased application and testing of cardiovascular disease prevention treatments in chronic kidney disease.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Effect of psychotherapy on the course of Crohn's disease. Results of the German prospective multicenter psychotherapy treatment study on Crohn's disease. German Study Group on Psychosocial Intervention in Crohn's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to study the influence of psychotherapy in addition to a standardized corticosteroid treatment on the somatic and psychosocial course of Crohn's disease. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized multicenter study 108 of 488 patients received either drug treatment or, in the intervention group, additionally psychotherapy in the first half of the 2-year follow-up period. RESULTS: Eighty-four patients (77.8%) completed the somatic and 81 (75%) the psychosocial follow-up. Twenty-three per cent of the control group and 30% of the psychotherapy group showed episode-free courses; 29% and 17%, respectively, underwent surgery due to failure of drug treatment. The main analysis, which was based on subranking by number, duration, and severity of relapses, failed to show significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.125). The same result was obtained for the psychosocial status after 1 year in the main target criteria depression, anxiety, psychosocio-communicative status, and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The confirmatory analysis did not prove significantly better courses after additional psychotherapy. There was a tendency towards fewer operations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Coronary heart disease: from a disease of middle-aged men in the late 1970s to a disease of elderly women in the 2000s.

AIMS: To analyse secular changes in the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and to assess changes in the burden of CHD at population level. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were used from two large cross-sectional health examination surveys representing the entire Finnish adult population in 1980 and 2000. In the 1978-80 survey, the sample covered 5101 individuals aged > or =45, of whom 88% participated. The 2000-2001 survey comprised 5310 individuals in the same age range. Participation rate in the health examination was 87%. Prevalence of CHD decreased in men and women under the age of 65 and increased among those aged > or =75. Prevalence of large Q-waves indicating previous myocardial infarction decreased in all male age groups and in women aged 65-74. The total estimated number of persons with CHD increased by 18% (95% CI=6-30) during the past 20 years in Finland. In 1980, the most dominant CHD group was men aged 45-64, whereas in 2000, women aged > or =75 comprised the largest CHD group. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of CHD has decreased among middle-aged persons, the number of CHD cases has increased during the past 20 years in Finland.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1992

Infectious disease manpower in the United States--1986. 1. Description of infectious disease physicians. Manpower and Training Committee, Infectious Diseases Society of America.

A survey designed to assess the number, type, and current practice patterns of all infectious disease (ID) physicians active in the United States in 1986 was carried out in early 1987. Of 4328 mailed questionnaires, 48.3% were returned. One-third of respondents were in private practice, one-third in academics, and the rest in industry or government. Women accounted for 12.4% of the total; they were younger and as a group spent a greater proportion of total effort in ID. Sixty-five percent of all respondents had greater than or equal to 2 years training in ID. Overall, private practitioners worked longer hours than academicians but spent slightly less effort devoted solely to ID. The proportion of total effort devoted to ID has increased among physicians newly entering practice. Seventy-five percent of all respondents held a teaching appointment. Older ID physicians worked less than 50 h/week and tended to have more administrative than patient care responsibilities. In 1986, there were the equivalent of 1792 full-time ID physicians in the United States or 1:134,000 population.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease with pure Alzheimer's disease: Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease, Part XIX.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical, neuropsychological, and neuropathologic findings in patients with AD alone with those in patients with the Lewy body variant of AD (LBV). BACKGROUND: Prior studies indicate that patients with LBV not only have distinct clinical and neuropsychological differences from those with AD alone, but have a poorer prognosis with shorter survival time. METHODS: The authors evaluated 74 patients with autopsy-confirmed AD alone and 27 patients with LBV, and compared demographic characteristics and clinical, neuropsychological, and neuropathologic findings. RESULTS: The two groups of patients were equivalent with respect to age at time of entry into the study, years of education, and sex. Two or more extrapyramidal clinical manifestations were found in 44% of patients with LBV, compared with 16% of patients with AD alone (p = 0.02). Duration of survival after entry into the study was similar in both groups, with a mean survival of 3.6 (+/-2.1) years for AD alone versus 3.8 (+/-1.9) years for LBV. Of the various neuropsychological tests administered at the last Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease evaluation, only delayed recall of a learned word list was significantly different in the two groups, with 32% of patients with LBV versus 15% of patients with AD alone recalling any items (p = 0.04). Neuropathologic findings confirmed those of previous studies and showed that neurofibrillary tangles were significantly less frequent in the neocortex of patients with LBV than in those with AD alone. CONCLUSION: Compared with patients with AD alone, those with LBV had a greater frequency of extrapyramidal manifestations, somewhat better recall on a selected memory task at their final evaluation, and a significantly lower frequency of neocortical neurofibrillary tangles at autopsy. There were no differences between the two groups, however, in survival time from entry into the study.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Behaviour of Crohn's disease according to the Vienna classification: changing pattern over the course of the disease.

BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease is a heterogeneous disorder with both a genetic and environmental aetiology. Clinical classifications of the disease, such as the newly proposed Vienna classification, may help to define subgroups of patients suitable for studying the influence of specific genetic or environmental factors. AIM: To assess the stability over the course of the disease of its location and behaviour, as determined according to the Vienna classification. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The notes of 297 Crohn's disease patients regularly followed up at our institution were carefully reviewed retrospectively. The behaviour and location of the disease according to the Vienna classification were determined at diagnosis and after 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years of follow up. The proportions of the different behaviours and locations of the disease were calculated at these time points. A statistical analysis of the evolution of these characteristics over 10 years was performed on a subgroup of 125 patients with at least 10 years of follow up. The influence of age at diagnosis on location and behaviour of the disease was assessed as well as the influence of location on the behaviour of the disease. RESULTS: The location of the disease remained relatively stable over the course of the disease. Although the proportion of patients who had a change in disease location became statistically significant after five years (p=0.01), over 10 years only 15.9% of patients had a change in location (p<0.001). We observed a more rapid and prominent change in disease behaviour, which was already statistically significant after one year (p=0.04). Over 10 years, 45.9% of patients had a change in disease behaviour (p<0.0001). The most prominent change was from non-stricturing non-penetrating disease to either stricturing (27.1%; p<0.0001) or penetrating (29.4%; p<0.0001) disease. Age at diagnosis had no influence on either location or behaviour of disease. Ileal Crohn's disease was more often stricturing, and colonic or ileocolonic Crohn's disease was more often penetrating: this was already the case at diagnosis and became more prominent after 10 years (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Location of Crohn's disease, as defined by the Vienna classification, is a relatively stable phenotype which seems suitable for phenotype-genotype analyses. Behaviour of Crohn's disease according to the Vienna classification varies dramatically over the course of the disease and cannot be used in phenotype-genotype analyses. The potential influence of genes on the behaviour of Crohn's disease should be studied in subgroups of patients defined by their disease behaviour after a fixed duration of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Peyronie's disease is associated with Paget's disease of bone.

Peyronie's disease is an idiopathic disorder in which an inflammatory fibrosis occurs in the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa which causes the erect penis to become deformed. Peyronie's disease has a prevalence of 1% in men over age 50 years. Paget's disease of bone is a chronic skeletal disease with areas of increased bone turnover leading to pain, deformity, and in some cases arthritis. Because of a high rate of Peyronie's disease in subjects in a Paget's disease industry-sponsored drug trial, we asked whether there was an association between Peyronie's disease and Paget's disease of bone. We evaluated 61 men with Paget's disease attending our clinic for metabolic bone disease in a tertiary referral hospital, reviewed hospital records of all men discharged from our three hospitals with the diagnosis of Peyronie's disease, and mailed a validated questionnaire about shape of the erect penis to 1500 male members of the Paget Foundation. In the clinic population of men with Paget's disease of bone, 51 of 61 (83.6%) reported having normal erections; 10 patients (16.4%) were impotent. Sixteen of the 51 men (31.4%) had developed a bend or deformity in their erect penis which was confirmed by a urologist's examination to be Peyronie's disease. When the men with Paget's disease with and without Peyronie's disease were compared, there was no difference in their ages, years with Paget's disease, or serum alkaline phosphatase level. Upon medical record review, 1 patient of 262 (0.4%) with Peyronie's disease was found to have Paget's disease of bone. The men with Paget's disease returned their questionnaires for a response rate of 44.8% and reported Peyronie's disease with a prevalence of 14.5%. We suggest that Peyronie's disease is associated with Paget's disease of bone. Furthermore, we suggest that Peyronie's disease may be a previously unrecognized complication of Paget's disease of bone.

Aged↗