PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Database Management Systems”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Computer-assisted documentation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: experiences with routine use at 3 clinics].

The introduction of powerful and inexpensive personal computers (PC) enabled us to develop a documentation system for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The system was programmed using the database management system dBASE III. It works on-line, and no computer knowledge or additional staff is needed to run the system. It is now routinely used in the endoscopic units of three different hospitals. Features of performance are a menu-driven data input, automatic report generation and record retrieval, listing according to different criteria as well as other dBASE III facilities. This paper deals with the quality, time effort and user acceptance of the PC-aided system in clinical routine. The analysis showed a good data quality with respect to completeness and adequate use of terminology. Reliability and validity of the documentation were satisfactory considering the methodological problems encountered at their determination. The system was generally judged useful, but time effort was increased compared to conventional documentation.

Documentation↗
PubMed2003

Project management system for structural and functional proteomics: Sesame.

A computing infrastructure (Sesame) has been designed to manage and link individual steps in complex projects. Sesame is being developed to support a large-scale structural proteomics pilot project. When complete, the system is expected to manage all steps from target selection to data-bank deposition and report writing. We report here on the design criteria of the Sesame system and on results demonstrating successful achievement of the basic goals of its architecture. The Sesame software package, which follows the client/server paradigm, consists of a framework, which supports secure interactions among the three tiers of the system (the client, server, and database tiers), and application modules that carry out specific tasks. The framework utilizes industry standards. The client tier is written in Java2 and can be accessed anywhere through the Internet. All the development on the server tier is also carried out in Java2 so as to accommodate a wide variety of computer platforms. The database tier employs a commercial database management system. Each Sesame application module consists of a simple user interface in the client tier, corresponding objects in the server tier, and relevant data stored in the centralized database. For security, access to stored data is controlled by access privileges. The system facilitates both local and remote collaborations. Because users interact with the system using Java Web Start or through a web browser, access is limited only by the availability of an Internet connection. We describe several Sesame modules that have been developed to the point where they are being utilized routinely to support steps involved in structural and functional proteomics. This software is available to parties interested in using it and assisting to guide its further development.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1998

Market influences on internal medicine residents' decisions to subspecialize.

BACKGROUND: Managed care reduces the demand for internal medicine subspecialists, but little empirical information is available on how increasing managed care may be affecting residents' training choices. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether increased managed care penetration into an area where residents train was associated with a decreased likelihood that residents who completed general internal medicine training pursued subspecialty training. DESIGN: Secondary logistic regression analysis of data from the 1993 cohort of general internal medicine residents. SETTING: U.S. residency training sites. PARTICIPANTS: 2263 U.S. medical school graduates who completed general internal medicine residency training in 1993. MEASUREMENTS: The outcome variable (enrollment in subspecialty training) was derived from the Graduate Medical Education Tracking Census of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). Health maintenance organization (HMO) penetration (possible range, 0.0 to 1.0; higher values indicate greater penetration) was taken from the Interstudy Competitive Edge Database. Individual and medical school covariates were taken from the AAMC's Student and Applicant Information Management System database and the National Institutes of Health Information for Management Planning, Analysis, and Coordination system. The U.S. Census division was included as a control covariate. RESULTS: 980 participants (43%) enrolled in subspecialty training. Logistic regression analyses indicated a nonlinear association between managed care penetration into a training area and the odds of subspecialization. Increasing managed care penetration was associated with decreasing odds of subspecialization when penetration exceeded 0.15. The choice of subspecialty training increased as HMO penetration increased from 0 to 0.15. CONCLUSIONS: Local market forces locally influenced the career decisions of internal medicine residents, but the influence was small compared with the effects of age and sex. These results suggest that market forces help to achieve more desirable generalist-to-specialist physician ratios in internal medicine.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Automation of the birth registry log book.

If available resources are limited, a computer novice with basic computer skills can develop and implement an electronic database management system. Commitment and determination to automate manual record keeping of birth registry data are crucial. Some of the database software systems available today were designed to be user friendly. Product reviews published in personal computer magazines will assist an end user to find such user-friendly programs. Once a system is selected and implemented, data can be easily retrieved and used for simple to advanced database functions. Hospital statistics, state-required maternity statistical reports, and research, quality assurance/quality improvement, staffing justification, market research, and critical path variance reports will benefit from the wide array of data manipulation techniques.

Birth Certificates↗
PubMed1995

Integrating legacy laboratory information systems into a client-server world: the University of Minnesota Clinical Workstation (CWS) project.

The development of an innovative clinical decision-support project such as the University of Minnesota's Clinical Workstation initiative mandates the use of modern client-server network architectures. Preexisting conventional laboratory information systems (LIS) cannot be quickly replaced with client-server equivalents because of the cost and relative unavailability of such systems. Thus, embedding strategies that effectively integrate legacy information systems are needed. Our strategy led to the adoption of a multi-layered connection architecture that provides a data feed from our existing LIS to a new network-based relational database management system. By careful design, we maximize the use of open standards in our layered connection structure to provide data, requisition, or event messaging in several formats. Each layer is optimized to provide needed services to existing hospital clients and is well positioned to support future hospital network clients.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1989

A microcomputer-based clinical trial database incorporated with an 'audit trail' for correction process.

Multicenter clinical trials usually involve several hundred research variables with tens of thousands of records and require mainframe computers for processing. Because of recent advances in hardware and software, it has become possible to support data management and statistical analysis for a complex research project totally on a microcomputer. The Veterans Administration Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center (CSPCC) in Hines, IL, U.S.A. has successfully implemented three studies employing the SIR/PC Database Management System (DBMS) on an IBM PC AT. The CSPCC DBMS was designed with a method of verifying data and of updating the database, that leaves a more detailed 'audit trial' of the original data and subsequent modifications than provided by the SIR audit trail facility. Data validation can be done at any time throughout the study to facilitate error identification as early as possible in the data handling process. DBMS operation and maintenance are automated by a system of menus. The utility programs are prestored in a procedure file to optimize performance. The simple design speeds implementation and also reduces the cost of development.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2002

Combat medical informatics: present and future.

In this paper, we describe a U.S. Army concept to monitor soldier physiologic status and provide computer-based medical support to increase the likelihood of soldier survival on the battlefield. Supported by an underlying platform of complex wearable computerized systems, the "Warfighter Physiological Status Monitoring" (WPSM) concept consists of an array of biosensors embedded in the soldier's uniform integrated with a database management system and a decision support system that will provide assistance in casualty prevention and casualty management. We discuss the main components of the WPSM, its present status, key requirements and outstanding challenges, and near- and far-term research directions.

Biosensing Techniques↗
PubMed1999

EpiMAN-FMD: a decision support system for managing epidemics of vesicular disease.

A comprehensive epidemiological information system (EpiMAN-FMD) has been developed to assist national disease control authorities contain and eradicate outbreaks of animal diseases as efficiently and cost-effectively as possible. The system was initially developed to control an incursion of foot and mouth disease (FMD) or any clinically indistinguishable vesicular disease, although it has since been progressively expanded to manage other exotic and endemic diseases. Design objectives for the information management elements of EpiMAN-FMD included the following: the need to manage the vast quantities of data that eradication procedures for an FMD epidemic would generate within a very short time the ability to innovatively apply epidemiological understanding of disease spread to the data processing tasks the reduction of some of the foreseen processing bottlenecks the provision of decision support tools for data entry personnel. Design objectives for the veterinary management elements of the system included the following: the presentation of up-to-date status reports in formats that facilitate decision-making at the national or regional level the ability to optimise manpower resource allocation the capacity to evaluate the relative merits of alternative technical decisions, each of which carry different implicit risks. The system combines a multi-user database management system, expert system elements, various computer simulation models of specific aspects of FMD epidemiology and a range of statistical analyses designed to monitor the state of the epidemic. Although designed in New Zealand, EpiMAN-FMD has been constructed in a flexible style which makes adoption of the system possible in other countries with broadly similar 'stamping-out' contingency plans.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Application of fuzzy classification in modern primary dental care.

This paper describes a framework for implementing fuzzy classifications in primary dental care services. Dental practices aim to provide the highest quality services for their patients. To achieve this, it is important that dentists are able to obtain patients' opinions about their experiences in the dental practice and are able to accurately evaluate this. We propose the use of fuzzy classification to combine various assessment criteria into one general measure to assess patients' satisfaction with primary dental care services. The proposed framework can be used in conventional dental practice information systems and easily integrated with those already used. The benefits of using the proposed fuzzy classification approach include more flexible and accurate analysis of patients' feedback, combining verbal and numeric data. To confirm our theory, a prototype was developed based on the Microsoft SQL Server database management system for two criteria used in dental practices, namely making an appointment with a dentist and waiting time for dental care services.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed2006

The emergency department triage of community-acquired pneumonia project data and documentation systems: a model for multicenter clinical trials.

Multicenter clinical trials are complex undertakings that require significant resources to ensure efficient, high quality research. This paper describes the goals, design, and implementation of a multicenter clinical trial database management system to support this aim. A large number of study sites or patients, and the goal of automatically generating large portions of data management infrastructure from common metadata, motivated the development of the system. This paper also describes extensions for a generalized project documentation system, and discusses plans for further extensions and improvements based on observed strengths, limitations, and anticipated technological change.

Community-Acquired Infections↗
PubMed1995

Using the hypertext software to develop computer-assisted instruction in oncology for medical students.

A new development in computer-assisted medical education has been the introduction of hypertext authoring systems. Authoring systems are computer programs that can allow an instructor to prepare computer-based medical educational materials without the need to know programming languages. Hypertext is a database management system that lets the user connect screens of information using associative links. The authors developed a hypertext authoring system for teaching their medical students the domain of oncology. The features of the system are hierarchical structure, index browsing, and nonsequential browsing. Moreover, the student may become a writer of a hyperdocument by typing a few script commands. In this way the hierarchical structure of a document meets the needs of the reader. Although hypertext brings with it a few difficulties for the student, the authors expect that the system will become a popular mean for organizing textual information for retrieval and browsing in oncology.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1996

[An international exchange and dissemination of chemical safety information on the Internet].

An information system for chemical safety has been developed on the National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) Information and Computing Infrastructure. The system is based on client server systems on the local area network (LAN) connected to the Internet. A wide range of safety information for chemicals including foods, food additives, household goods, industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants were collected and put on the World Wide Web (WWW) server and the database management system, Sybase. In addition to original information contents, the System has links to many useful Web sites so that it functions as a global hub for chemical safety information.

Agrochemicals↗