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PubMedDate not supplied

Subluxation injuries of maxillary primary anterior teeth: epidemiology and prognosis of 207 traumatized teeth.

This study investigated the epidemiology, sequelae, and prognosis of subluxation injuries to the maxillary primary anterior dentition. Data were collected from dental records at the Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada, of patients sustaining trauma between 1982 and 1993. The study group consisted of 207 teeth in 134 patients, 81 males and 53 females. The age of the patients ranged from 0.8 years to 7.5 years, with a mean of 3.5 years. The highest incidence of trauma was in males between the ages of 3 and 4 years, and in females between 1 and 3 years. The highest incidence of trauma (66.2%) involved the primary central incisors. The most common cause of trauma (52%) was simple falls indoors. Occlusal or periapical radiographs were the radiographic view of choice unless an anterior nasal spine fracture was suspected, in which case a lateral projection was exposed. Approximately 64% of the study teeth had a mobility ranging from 0.6 to 1.5 mm. Treatment varied from no treatment (80% of teeth) to extraction. Post-traumatic evaluations were distributed into six common time intervals used by dentists for follow up. The results indicated that patient discomfort and occlusal interference were not common. Discoloration and pulpal calcification increased with time. Mobility decreased with time, with the majority of teeth returning to a normal physiologic range. External resorption may have been present, but was rare. Treatment or antibiotics were rarely needed at follow-up visits. Overall, these teeth responded positively, and there was a low morbidity associated with subluxation injuries.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1978

Long-term follow-up and evaluation of transplantation of fully developed teeth.

Five cases of transplantation of fully developed third molars to second or first molar sites have been reported. Three of the transplants were in the mandibular molar region and two were in the maxillary molar region. There has been long-term follow-up and evaluation of the patients in these cases up to 13 years postoperatively. None of the patients had any complaint about the transplanted tooth at the long-term follow-up visit. In all five cases, at the long-term follow-up visit, the periodontal tissues were in excellent condition and there was growth of new attachment, as demonstrated by lamina dura and periodontal membrane space in the follow-up radiographs, deposition of secondary calcification of varying amounts within the root canals and pulp chamber, and regeneration of bone in the periapical and lateral areas. There was very little, if any, resorption demonstrated in any of these five cases. The ages of patients ranged from 17 to 23 years at the time of transplantation. Regeneration of the buccal plate was demonstrated by photographs in one of the two cases where there was surgical exposure of the region of the buccal plate at a postoperative follow-up visit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Brushite in the pulp of primary molars.

This study was undertaken to investigate the mineral phase of spherulitic calcifications discovered in the pulpous mesenchyme of human primary molars by microradiography. Analytical scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction disclosed that well-crystallized brushite is the major compound of the spherulites. The mechanism leading to the crystallization of brushite is far from well understood. Histologically, on decalcified sections, inflammatory cells and capillaries can be seen trapped in the spherulites. In the light of these findings, it could be suggested that metabolic conditions may promote the crystallization of brushite in the pulp of primary molars.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Unusual cervical resorption after reinjury.

The root canal of a maxillary central incisor apparently completely calcified after an injury. Eight years later, this tooth was injured again and massive resorption developed. The resorption began as an unusual pattern of cervical destruction, and ultimately the entire root apparently was destroyed. However, the tooth was still serving satisfactorily without other symptoms seven years after the reinjury--15 years after the original injury. Calcification of the pulp space can develop in a tooth and the root structure can be resorbed in a tooth after an injury. Therefore a similar stimulus can produce opposite responses, in this instance in the same tooth at different times. Luxation of teeth is a treatable injury, and replantation of luxated teeth is an acceptable technique that can result in long-term retention of the replanted tooth. Replantation of the patient's own tooth is usually preferred to artificial replacement of the luxated tooth at the time of injury. Interceptive endodontic care for a tooth that has been traumatized and in which the pulp space appears on the radiograph to be calcifying is probably best for the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Radiographic pulpal calcifications: normal or abnormal--a paradox.

A survey was sent to all 525 (domestic) Diplomates of the American Board of Endodontics. It inquired as to the interpretation of the findings of radiographic pulpal calcifications (RPC) and how it might impact on treatment. The response to the question of pathological significance of RPC was divided equally between those who felt it was a sign of pathosis and those who did not. The remaining seven questions were overwhelmingly agreed upon: RPC are important findings included in differential diagnosis; nonsurgical root canal treatment was routinely attempted regardless of the extent of RPC; patients were informed prior to treatment of potential obstacles; and as a rule diplomates devote no more than 10% of their practice to surgical endodontics.

Dental Pulp Calcification↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alternative method of hemorrhage control in full strength formocresol pulpotomy.

PURPOSE: This investigation evaluated the success of a formocresol pulpotomy technique in which hemostasis was obtained with the same formocresol dampened cotton pellet used to medicate the root pulp stumps and to compare the findings of this investigation with data of published formocresol pulpotomy studies in which hemorrhage was controlled by traditional means. METHODS: Clinical and radiographic data were available for 194 primary molars in 112 patients with follow up times ranging from 5 to 109 months (mean = 38 months). RESULTS: Overall radiographic success was 87%. The most frequently observed pulpal responses were calcific metamorphosis (34%) and internal resorption (10%). Overall clinical success was 98%. Only 7 of 194 molars were extracted due to radiographic and/or clinical failure. Overall cumulative probability of survival remained high over time with a cumulative survival rate of over 94% over 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: The success rates for this variation of the formocresol technique are comparable to those success rates in the literature where hemostasis was obtained in a separate step using a nonmedicated cotton pellet. The results of this study suggest that using the same cotton pellet dampened with full strength formocresol to obtain hemorrhage control and medicate the root pulp is an acceptable variation of the traditional formocresol pulpotomy technique.

Child↗
PubMed2002

An immunohistochemical study on hard tissue formation in a subcutaneously transplanted rat molar.

While dental pulp undergoes calcification following tooth replantation or transplantation, we actually know little about these mechanisms. We therefore conducted histological and immunohistochemical evaluations of mineralized tissue that formed in the pulp of rat maxillary molar transplanted into abdominal subcutaneous tissue. One, 2, 3, and 4 weeks post-transplantation, the teeth were investigated immunohistochemically using antibodies to osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin sialoprotein (DSP), and tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). In the 1st week after transplantation, cell-rich hard tissue was formed at the root apex. At 2 weeks, formations of hard tissue, with few cells in the root canals and bone-like tissue in the coronal pulp chamber, were noted. After 3 and 4 weeks, the amounts of these hard tissues were increased. The immunolocalization of OCN, OPN, and BSP was seen strongly in coronal and apical hard tissues, but weakly in the root hard tissue. Conversely, DSP localized in the root hard tissue, but not in other newly formed hard tissues. At 1 week, TNAP localized along the periphery of the apical hard tissue and the lower surfaces of root predentin. These results demonstrate that the newly formed hard tissues in the pulp cavity of subcutaneously transplanted molars could be classified into three types, suggesting that these might be formed by type-specific cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Dental morphology and variation in theropod dinosaurs: implications for the taxonomic identification of isolated teeth.

Isolated theropod teeth are common Mesozoic fossils and would be an important data source for paleoecology biogeography if they could be reliably identified as having come from particular taxa. However, obtaining identifications is confounded by a paucity of easily identifiable characters. Here we discuss a quantitative methodology designed to provide defensible identifications of isolated teeth using Tyrannosaurus as a comparison taxon. We created a standard data set based as much as possible on teeth of known taxonomic affinity against which to compare isolated crowns. Tooth morphology was described using measured variables describing crown length, base length and width, and derived variables related to basal shape, squatness, mesial curve shape, apex location with respect to base, and denticle size. Crown curves were described by fitting the power function Y = a + bX(0.5) to coordinate data collected from lateral-view images of mesial curve profiles. The b value from these analyses provides a measure of curvature. Discriminant analyses compared isolated teeth of various taxonomic affinities against the standard. The analyses classified known Tyrannosaurus teeth with Tyrannosaurus and separated most teeth known not to be Tyrannosaurus from Tyrannosaurus. They had trouble correctly classifying teeth that were very similar to Tyrannosaurus and for which there were few data in the standard. However, the results indicate that expanding the standard should facilitate the identification of numerous types of isolated theropod teeth.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2002

Influence of resinous monomers on the differentiation in vitro of human pulp cells into odontoblasts.

Odontoblasts are highly differentiated postmitotic cells, which under pathological conditions such as carious lesions and dental injuries may degenerate and be replaced by other pulp cells. A recent work showed that this physiological event can be reproduced in an in vitro assay system. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of resinous monomers on odontoblast differentiation in vitro. Pulp cores from extracted human third molars were cultured with beta-glycerophosphate (2 mM) and used to evaluate the effects of TEGDMA, HEMA, UDMA, and Bis-GMA on the differentiation of pulp fibroblasts into odontoblasts. The effect of the monomers was studied by evaluating the expression of several odontoblast specific genes. In the absence of monomers, mineral nodule formation was observed. Pulp cells contributing to the nodule formation synthesized type I collagen, osteonectin, and dentin sialoprotein (DSP). In addition, Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy showed that the mineral and organic composition of the nodules were characteristic of dentin. When the monomers were added at nontoxic concentrations, the effects of HEMA and Bis-GMA were more evident than that of TEGDMA and UDMA on collagen 1, osteonectin, and DSP expression. However, all monomers significantly decreased DSP expression and completely inhibited the mineral nodule formation.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1979

The effect of wear on the cheek teeth and associated dental tissues of the lizard Uromastix aegyptius (Agamidae).

Serial coronal sections of the teeth and their surrounding tissues in the agamid lizard, Uromastix aegyptius, were examined with the light microscope in order to determine how these structures change as the teeth wear. Because new teeth are added only at the posterior end of the tooth row and older teeth are not replaced, the series of sections included the youngest as well as the oldest teeth. Two types of changes occur as the teeth become older: bone under the teeth changes from cancellous to compact, and the pulp chamber of the tooth is obliterated. Although the labial surface of the dentary lacks a periosteal covering and some of the bone lacks any covering at all, it remains functional throughout the life of the animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Dental pulp exposed to the CO2 laser beam.

Traumatic inflammation due to application of CO2 laser beam on teeth (dentin and pulp) of Beagle dogs and Macaca Monkeys, stimulate in dentino-pulpal tissue morphological phenomena studied after 5 days, 1, and 3 months by microscopy and microradiography. After a dentin exposure to a density of energy from 2 X 10(3) J/cm2, the first cell layers of the pulp tissue show a rarefaction and a cellular degeneration, followed by a neoformation of calcified dentin, of about 300 microns thick in 3 months, due to the excitation of odontoblasts or produced by pulpal cells functioning before. A density of energy of 10(3) J/cm2 order applied to the pulp beads to its partial necrosis, to various inflammatory aspects and to a quasi-constant regeneration by a neo-dentin bridge of 200 microns at 1 month. The analysis of cell activity seems able to be investigated from this method.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Platelet-derived growth factor exerts disparate effects on odontoblast differentiation depending on the dimers in rat dental pulp cells.

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has recently been demonstrated to control the expression of alkaline phosphatase and proteoglycan synthesis of odontoblastic cells in dental pulp tissues. Although PDGF appears to be closely related to dentinogenesis, much about the mode of action of PDGF on odontoblast differentiation remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of three PDGF dimers (PDGF AA, AB, and BB) on odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp cells in long-term mineralized cultures. Dental pulp cells isolated from rat lower incisors were continuously treated with each of PDGF AA, AB, and BB in separate cultures for 20 days. The three PDGF dimers suppressed alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin and calcium content, and the formation of dentin-like nodules. The expression of mRNA for dentin sialoprotein (DSP) in the cells was inhibited by PDGF AA treatment, whereas PDGF AB and BB treatment stimulated the expression of DSP, even though the dentin-like nodule formation was inhibited. Although the effects of PDGF on odontoblastic differentiation varied among the dimers, the cells expressed both PDGF alpha and beta receptors, whose quantities were similar. These results suggest that PDGF exerts diverse effects on odontoblastic differentiation depending on its dimeric form. These in vitro findings explain, at least in part, the in vivo action of PDGF in dentinogenesis during the repair process of damaged dental pulp.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of a system of mineralized-tissue formation by rat dental pulp cells in culture.

Pulp tissue was obtained from maxillary incisors of young adult male Wistar rats, minced and digested with 0.5% trypsin and 0.02% EGTA at 37 degrees C for 30 min. Dissociated cells were cultured with or without 10 nM dexamethasone using Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 50 micrograms/ml ascorbic acid. Confluent cells were subcultured at 7 days and the medium further supplemented with beta-glycerophosphate (beta-GP). Dexamethasone in primary culture and/or secondary culture enhanced the formation of mineralized tissue while > 5 mM beta-GP was necessary for mineralization to occur. Biochemical analysis of the radiolabelled medium revealed that these cells produced type I, type I trimer and type III collagens. Analysis of [32PO4]-labelled medium, using DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography and sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, showed that these cells produced phosphophoryn-like protein. These results indicate that some of the rat dental pulp cells in culture express an odontoblast-like phenotype.

Animals↗