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PubMed1970

A study of growth, morbidity and mortality among Eskimo infants of western Alaska.

One of the most serious problems affecting the American Eskimo is that of disease and death in infants. A study undertaken to inquire into the growth and development components and the nutritional components of this morbidity and mortality and to verify and amplify the inadequate health statistics relating to this group revealed an infant mortality rate 4 times that for the USA as a whole, with a 16% under-registration of infant deaths. The majority of infant deaths occurred in the post-neonatal period, with respiratory infections constituting the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality. There was a significant inverse association between infant haemoglobin level and frequency of respiratory and total illness, providing one of the few specific epidemiological confirmations of a synergistic nutritional interaction between anaemia and infection.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

DDT and DDE in the blood and diet of eskimo children from Hooper Bay, Alaska.

An analysis of the levels of DDT and DDE in the blood of some Alaskan Eskimo children and in the fat of some local marine mammals taken for food suggests that the children's pesticide burdin is only modestly lower than that of other American children. Authors suggest that some other food source, perhaps packaged food, supplies a portion of the dietary chlorohydrocarbon pesticide.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1980

Cancer in Alaskan Indians, Eskimos, and Aleuts.

Standard incidence ratios for cancers that occurred during 1969--73 among Alaskan Natives (Indians and Eskimo-Aleuts) were reported. Although data suggested that the overall rate of cancer in this population was close to that of U.S. whites, differences existed for certain cancer sites. Thus increased risks in Alaskan Natives were observed for nasopharyngeal, salivary gland, kidney, and gallbladder and liver cancers. Conversely, decreased risks were found for cancers of the lung, larynx, bladder, prostate gland, breast, and corpus uterus and for melanoma and lymphoma.

Alaska↗

PubMed1980

Vasculitis in Eskimos living in an area hyperendemic for hepatitis B.

Six cases of hepatitis B-associated vasculitis occurred during a four-year period in Eskimos living in southwest Alaska, an area hyperendemic for hepatitis B. All showed positive results in tests for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and all five patients tested for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) showed positive values. Two patients died of the disease. Of three who recovered, two had positive values for HBsAg and HBeAg when tested two years later. In the villages of four patients, the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection ranged from 18.2% to 73.1%. Serological evidence of HBsAg was found in 22% and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) in 30% of close relatives of the patients. Two patients had no previous serological evidence of infection with HBV, indicating that vasculitis followed recent infection. The results provide epidemiologic evidence of the clinical association between HBV infection and vasculitis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Alveolar hydatid disease. A review of clinical features of 33 indigenous cases of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in Alaskan Eskimos.

The clinical features of 33 cases of alveolar hydatid disease (AHD) in Alaskan Eskimos and a review of the surgical experience with this disease are presented. Among untreated patients, progression of the disease to a fatal outcome was observed in 70%. The primary hepatic lesion resembles cancer, and errors in diagnosis by both the surgeon and pathologist are common. Although surgical resection of the entire primary hepatic lesion offers the only proven curative treatment, only 26% of those explored were resectable. All seven patients resected for cure are alive 6-27 years post-operatively (average survival, 14.7 years). A 5-year experience with continuous mebendazole therapy in the management of five nonresectable cases of AHD indicates that a favorable effect of this drug is being observed. It now appears that Echinococcus infections are no longer the sole province of the surgeon. Although the role of medical therapy is not yet clearly defined, it must be considered in the management of all cases of AHD. The first reported locally-acquired case of AHD in the conterminous United States, and the widespread occurrence and expanding range of E. multilocularis in the north-central United States and south-central Canada, point to the increasing public health importance of alveolar hydatid disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

[Fish oil--healing principle in the Eskimo diet?].

The low incidence of coronary heart disease among Eskimos is related to their diet rich in marine fatty acids, which contain large amounts of polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, mainly eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. The beneficial effects on atherosclerotic vascular disease result from favorable influence on prostaglandin/thromboxane metabolism. Clinical studies have also reported antiinflammatory effects.

Arteriosclerosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using NCAST and the HOME with a minority population: the Alaska Eskimos.

PURPOSE: To test applicability of the NCAST and HOME assessment tools in the Eskimo population. METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive study of Alaskan native families from two villages used the NCAST and HOME child assessment tools. Comparisons using t-test were made to normative data. ANCOVA was used to test effects of demographic differences. RESULTS: Several significant differences were found on subscales of the NCAFS, NCATS, and HOME, although the total scores of the NCAFS and the NCATS were not significantly different. Caregiver education and ethnicity were significant covariates. CONCLUSIONS: NCAFS and NCATS appears to have sufficient breadth to allow for cultural differences. The HOME scale items measure some aspects of the environment that appear to be culture specific.

Alaska↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[DNA typing of allelic variants of HLA-B27: HLA-B*2705 is the predominant allele of the aboriginal population of the Chukot peninsula (Eskimos and Chukchi)].

The purpose of the study was to estimate the relative frequency of the known HLA-B27 subtypes among HLA-B27 positive Chukot natives. Using oligotyping of the polymerase chain reaction amplified second and third exons of the HLA-B27 gene in 86 DNA samples from HLA-27 positive individuals were success-fully typed. All had HLA-B*2705, including nine patients with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's syndrome, except for one Eskimo who had HLA-B*2702. None had HLA-B*2704, a frequent subtype in Orientals. Considering the HLA-B27 subtypes, the Chukot population groups are genetically more closely related to Caucasians than to Orientals.

Alleles↗

PubMed1996

Hypertension and diabetes among Siberian Yupik Eskimos of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska.

CHANGING DIETS AND LIFESTYLES contribute to an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Alaska Natives. To examine the problem in detail, we have begun a systematic screening of various ethnic groups by carrying out a pilot study of Siberian Yupik Eskimos ages 39 and over. Mean LDL and HDL levels were 157 mg/dl and 63 mg/dl. Mean fasting insulin was 7.0 microunits/ml; and mean BMI, 27.1. Fasting insulin level was significantly related to both diastolic blood pressure and fasting triglyceride levels, but not to systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol levels. Of the 66 people screened, 27% had evidence of hypertension.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Mental health considerations with the Yupik Eskimo.

In cross-cultural mental health, there is a need to understand the culture from which a person belongs before psychotherapy can be effective. The Yupik (Siberian) Eskimos of the St. Lawrence Island area have several historical traumas that have effected their cultural group. This paper addresses some of the important factors that have formed personality features of the Yupik. Discussion centers on the mental health factors inherent in the cultural shift and historical traumas that have occurred from the 1800s to the present, including traditional livelihood, family role patterns, and education. This particular cultural shift is one of traditional independence to European dependence.

Alaska↗

PubMed1965