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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Serum uric acid as a cardiovascular risk factor for heart disease.

Cardiovascular risk factors are those environmental, behavioral, genetic, and/or personal factors whose presence indicates a heightened risk of subsequent vascular disease events. Smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, initially identified by astute clinicians, were all subsequently confirmed and defined as risk factors through formal prospective epidemiologic study, long before evidence of causality was available. Ultimately, clinical trials demonstrated a reversible contribution of both high blood pressure and elevated lipids to stroke and heart disease. As a result, these risk factors are now the cornerstones for both assessment of relative cardiovascular risk and targets for preventive intervention. The criterion for risk factor status is a strong, consistent, timely, and statistically significant association to disease events that is independent of and unconfounded by other known risk factors. The purpose of this review is to assess available data to determine whether or not serum uric acid meets the standard for designation as a risk factor.

Female↗

PubMed1991

Comparison of associated high-risk factors and perinatal outcome between symmetric and asymmetric fetal intrauterine growth retardation.

This study compares associated high-risk factors and perinatal outcome between 273 symmetric and 445 asymmetric infants with intrauterine growth retardation. No differences were seen in 17 obstetric, medical, and environmental-behavioral high-risk factors between symmetric and asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation. In preeclampsia, the incidence of symmetric intrauterine growth retardation is higher than that of asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation. The timing of the interaction between the high-risk factor and the stage of gestation is more important than the specific high-risk factor in determining whether symmetric or asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation is produced. On comparison of perinatal outcome between the two groups, we concluded: (1) that the onset of symmetric intrauterine growth retardation occurs much earlier in the course of pregnancy than does asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation, (2) that more symmetric than asymmetric pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation result in preterm delivery, (3) that the neonatal morbidity rate for symmetric intrauterine growth retardation is higher than that for asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation, and (4) that term symmetric infants with intrauterine growth retardation tend to have a lower mean birth weight and a higher incidence of small placentas than term infants with asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation.

Birth Weight↗

PubMed1990

The natural history of atherosclerosis: an ecologic perspective.

Virologic findings reported in recent atherosclerosis literature may have profound implications. To assess them, we have viewed atherosclerosis in a broad biologic context and against a background of environmental, behavioral, and social change. Reasonable grounds exist, we believe, for regarding atherosclerosis as a chronic, low-grade infectious macroangiopathy which is aggravated by hypercholesterolemia and other recognized risk factors. There are probably multiple infective pathogens and transmission routes. The putative agents that initiate atherosclerosis might include ubiquitous viruses that produce clinically unapparent infections in many animal species. Pathways for their transmission to humans may include the food chain and contaminated water. Food-chain transmission may have been largely responsible for the parallel increases of meat consumption and mortality from coronary heart disease in the United States during the middle third of the century. It provides a hypothetical basis for considering thermal intervention as a heretofore unrecognized factor that may actually best account for the surprising reversal of climbing heart disease mortality rates. Improved sanitation and food hygiene as well as improvements in diet, lifestyle, and medical care may have shaped the downward mortality curve. The virus hypothesis may reconcile apparent epidemiologic conflicts and elucidate the natural history of atherosclerosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

From preventive policy to preventive practice.

Characteristics of the relationship of preventive policy to preventive practice are reviewed. The relatively low emphasis on prevention compared with treatment programs is discussed and the particular problem of the "anonymity" of prevention is defined. Prevention programs suffer in part because of the lack of identity of the specific individuals benefited. Examples from the cardiovascular diseases are used to illustrate the general points. The contrast between community- and patient-oriented prevention is important. Adequate levels of disease prevention and health promotion will never be attained one case at a time. Interactions among individuals are determinants of environmental behavioral factors relevant to health. The policy forming process is intrinsically interactive in nature. The Institute of Medicine's 1988 study of the future of public health is reviewed with respect to its emphasis on professional participation in the health policy process. Prevention is an essentially multidisciplinary area requiring the participation of many professions and disciplines. This property of prevention will be enhanced in the future. Ten principles which can be useful in translating preventive policy into preventive practice are presented.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗

PubMed1994

Developmental changes in the content of dopamine in the olfactory bulb of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla).

The concentrations of dopamine (DA) and of its major metabolite, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), were measured in discrete areas of the eel brain. To investigate the developmental changes in the content of DA and DOPAC, the assays were performed in yellow eels (i.e. at the feeding stage) and silver eels (i.e. at the migratory stage). DA and DOPAC were unevenly distributed in the eel brain. In yellow eels, the concentration of DA was highest (16-19 pmol/mg protein) in the olfactory bulb (OB), mesencephalic tectum-diencephalon (MT-D) and medulla oblongata (MO) and lowest in the cerebellum (CB, 1 pmol/mg protein), whereas intermediate values were measured in the telencephalon (TE; 10 pmol/mg protein). The metabolic rate of DA, as reflected by the DOPAC/DA ratio, was highest in the OB and CB, with progressively smaller values being observed in the TE, MT-D, and MO. A significant increase in the concentrations of DA (+80%) and DOPAC (+122%) was observed in the OB of silver eels compared with yellow eels, whereas no significant differences were detected in the concentrations of DA and DOPAC in the other brain areas as a function of the developmental stage. The results are discussed in terms of the possible involvement of environmental, behavioral and developmental factors.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗

PubMed1983

New applications and innovations in the electrophoretic separation of proteins from the eye lens core (nucleus).

The electrophoretic separation of proteins from the eye lens core (nucleus) has been a useful procedure in population and taxonomic studies. The possibility exists that this method may be applied to obtaining behavioral, environmental, and perhaps other types of information. Because of the increasing usefulness of this approach with nuclear lens proteins, efforts to optimize the methodology are continually being made. A complete system, incorporating new developments and applied to four fish species, is described in this report.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Field testing of genetically engineered microorganisms.

The first approved field releases of microorganisms genetically altered in the laboratory have been initiated in the past several years. While most introductions have been carried out in the United States, several tests have also occurred in the United Kingdom and Australia. Although such releases remain controversial in some areas, these pioneering studies have provided significant insight into the environmental behavior and relative safety of applying these microbes in a well-planned and carefully monitored program.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Nourishing collaboration: interdisciplinary nutrition education for health care professionals.

Nutrition education remains insufficient in many health care professional training programs despite the central role of diet in the prevention and management of chronic disease. Contemporary nutrition science increasingly recognizes that dietary behaviors and health outcomes are shaped by complex interactions among biological, behavioral, environmental, and food system factors. This perspective proposes an interdisciplinary framework for nutrition education that integrates the complementary expertise of physicians, dietitians, chefs, and farmers. By bridging clinical care, nutrition science, culinary practice, and agricultural systems, such an approach may strengthen the translation of evidence into practice, improve nutrition-related competencies among health care professionals, and ultimately enhance population health outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

The BE SMART trauma reframing psychoeducation program.

Despite the human capacity to survive and adapt, traumatic experiences can cause alterations in health, attitudes and behaviors, environmental and interpersonal functioning, and spiritual balance such that the memory of an event or a set of events taints all other experiences. The BE SMART (Become Empowered: Symptom Management for Abuse and Recovery from Trauma) group psychoeducation program is a 12-week course designed for both men and women to learn wellness coping principles in recovering from the aftermaths of trauma and abuse. The course is based on the Murphy-Moller Wellness Model [Murphy, M. F., & Moller, M. D. (1996). The Three R's Program: A Wellness Approach to Rehabilitation of Neurobiological Disorders. The International Journal of Psychiatric Nursing Research, 3(1), 308-317] and the Trauma Reframing Therapy [Rice, M. J., & Moller, M. D. (2003). Wellness Outcomes of Trauma Psychoeducation. Podium presentation at the 2003 Meeting of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association. Atlanta, Georgia. October].

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2026

From fragmentation to coordination: strengthening One Health research to support H5N1 preparedness in Cambodia.

OBJECTIVES: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) remains a major zoonotic threat, characterized by persistent transmission in Cambodia since its re-emergence in 2023. Despite strengthened surveillance and the establishment of the Inter-Ministerial Coordination Committee on One Health, limited integration of research across sectors constrains preparedness and response. This viewpoint examines how research supports the One Health system in Cambodia. METHODS: This viewpoint draws on insights obtained from the first national multistakeholder workshop on H5N1, held in March 2026. RESULTS: Fragmentation across epidemiological, clinical, behavioral, environmental, and genomic domains limits the generation of actionable evidence and delays its translation into policy. CONCLUSION: We propose the establishment of a multisectoral technical working group on H5N1 research embedded within the Inter-Ministerial Coordination Committee on One Health to align research priorities, strengthen data integration, and improve evidence-to-policy translation. This approach could enhance national preparedness while simultaneously positioning Cambodia as a model for coordinated One Health research in the Western Pacific region and beyond.

Avian influenza A (H5N1)↗

PubMed2006

An integrated impact assessment and weighting methodology: evaluation of the environmental consequences of computer display technology substitution.

Computer display technology is currently in a state of transition, as the traditional technology of cathode ray tubes is being replaced by liquid crystal display flat-panel technology. Technology substitution and process innovation require the evaluation of the trade-offs among environmental impact, cost, and engineering performance attributes. General impact assessment methodologies, decision analysis and management tools, and optimization methods commonly used in engineering cannot efficiently address the issues needed for such evaluation. The conventional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) process often generates results that can be subject to multiple interpretations, although the advantages of the LCA concept and framework obtain wide recognition. In the present work, the LCA concept is integrated with Quality Function Deployment (QFD), a popular industrial quality management tool, which is used as the framework for the development of our integrated model. The problem of weighting is addressed by using pairwise comparison of stakeholder preferences. Thus, this paper presents a new integrated analytical approach, Integrated Industrial Ecology Function Deployment (I2-EFD), to assess the environmental behavior of alternative technologies in correlation with their performance and economic characteristics. Computer display technology is used as the case study to further develop our methodology through the modification and integration of various quality management tools (e.g., process mapping, prioritization matrix) and statistical methods (e.g., multi-attribute analysis, cluster analysis). Life cycle thinking provides the foundation for our methodology, as we utilize a published LCA report, which stopped at the characterization step, as our starting point. Further, we evaluate the validity and feasibility of our methodology by considering uncertainty and conducting sensitivity analysis.

Computer Terminals↗

PubMed2004

The alluring simplicity and complex reality of genetic rescue.

A series of important new theoretical, experimental and observational studies demonstrate that just a few immigrants can have positive immediate impacts on the evolutionary trajectory of local populations. In many cases, a low level of immigration into small populations has produced fitness benefits that are greater than those predicted by theoretical models, resulting in what has been termed 'genetic rescue'. However, the opposite result (reduced fitness) can also be associated with immigration of genetically divergent individuals. Central to our understanding of genetic rescue are complex interactions among fundamental concepts in evolutionary and population biology, including both genetic and non-genetic (environmental, behavioral and demographic) factors. Developing testable models to predict when genetic rescue is likely to occur is a daunting challenge that will require carefully controlled, multi-generation experiments as well as creative use of information from natural 'experiments'.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Fast and precise determination of phenthoate and its enantiomeric ratio in soil by the matrix solid-phase dispersion method and liquid chromatography.

A fast and precise method was developed for the determination of phenthoate and its enantiomeric ratio (ER) in three soil samples. A recently developed sample pretreatment technology--matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) was used to extract phenthoate simply and effectively. MSPD conditions, i.e. solid-phase Florisil amount, water content of Florisil-soil mixture, the constituent and volume of the eluting solvent, were optimized stepwise. The MSPD extract was directly used for quantitative determination of phenthoate by silica-based high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. The recoveries of phenthoate from three different types of soils fortified at three levels of 0.1, 1, 10 microg/g ranged from 75 to 94% with RSDs of 1.5-6.5%. On this basis, phenthoate was further isolated from the remainder of MSPD extract by silica-based HPLC and then ER determined on HPLC with cellulose tris-3, 5-dimethylphenylcarbamate as chiral stationary phase. The ERs determined in the soils spiked with racemic or enantiomer-enriched phenthoate agreed sufficiently well with those in the corresponding standard solutions. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the study of enantioselective degradation of phenthoate in the three soils under laboratory conditions. High enantioselectivity was observed in the two alkaline soils with (+)-enantiomer degrading faster than the (-)-enantiomer, while there was little to no enantioselectivity in the acidic soil. The methodology can be used to study the enantioselective environmental behavior of chiral pollutants.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed2003

Bridging the equity gap: health promotion for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Health is influenced by political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioral and biological conditions--either positively or negatively. Health promotion aims to make these factors more favorable through health advocacy. Advocating for physical, mental, and social health requires that individuals with I/DD have opportunities to identify and realize their aspirations, develop the capacity to satisfy their needs, and possess the ability to adapt and/or cope with the environment. Because health is both an individual and a social responsibility, effective health promotion strategies must incorporate linkages between health and development, particularly for vulnerable and disadvantaged groups where deprivation in health and economic resources exist simultaneously and reinforce each other [6]. Incorporating health and development at the core of health promotion activities addresses issues of poverty, poor health, and unemployment, while accounting for social, cultural and economic differences. Health promotion enables people with I/DD to achieve their health goals by ensuring equal opportunities and resources. This includes having supportive environments, access to information, and life skills and opportunities to make healthy choices. People cannot achieve their health goals unless they can control health determinants. Health promotion efforts require coordinated action from all interested groups (e.g., government entities, health and other social and economic sectors, nongovernmental and voluntary organizations, local authorities, industry and media), including individuals, families and communities. Community-based health promotion emphasizes community participation, along with empowerment of community members to address inequities and increase control over their health [3]. Individual satisfaction and participation are critical components in community coalitions that are providing health promotion programs. Moreover, community leadership, shared decision-making, linkages with other organizations, and organizational climate can predict satisfaction, participation, and planning. Health becomes a resource for everyday life when individuals with I/DD are empowered and can participate in health promotion activities that are based in their community.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Molecular hologram derived quantitative structure-property relationships to predict physico-chemical properties of polychlorinated biphenyls.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners with various degrees of chlorination and substitution patterns are among the most widespread and persistent man-made organic pollutants. They are toxic, lipophilic and tend to be bioaccumulated. The knowledge of the physico-chemical properties is very useful to explain the environmental behavior of PCBs and to perform an exposure assessment. In this paper, we have used a new molecular representation, the molecular hologram, to generate quantitative structure-property relationship models to predict the physico-chemical properties of biphenyl and all of its chlorinated congeners. The investigated properties include 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (logK(ow)), aqueous solubility (-logS(w)), aqueous activity coefficient (-logY(w)), Total molecular surface area, Henry's law constant (logH). The results show that this new quantitative structure-activity relationship approach presents highly predictive models for important physico-chemical properties of PCBs.

Chemical Phenomena↗

PubMed1996

Psychophysiology of stress in dermatology. The psychobiologic pattern of psychosomatics.

Stress is an abnormal or extreme adjustment in the physiology of an animal to cope with adverse effects of its environment and management. The adverse effect is designated the stressor. In this article, the authors try to focus on the main types of host factors that can influence stress (genetics, perception) and on the numerous types of stressors (environmental, behavioral, psychological). Moreover, the authors outline the relevance of psychosomatic medicine, proposing the examination of psyche and soma as a unit "in sickness and in health." They focus their attention on the new aspects of biologic psychosomatics (psychoneuroendocrinimmunology) in dermatology, suggesting the possible role of neuropeptides in the pathogenesis of some common dermatoses such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, and urticaria.

Dermatology↗

PubMed2003

Integrated perinatal health framework. A multiple determinants model with a life span approach.

BACKGROUND: Despite great strides in improving prenatal care utilization among American women, key perinatal indicators have remained stagnant or worsened in the past decade, and the United States continues to rank near the bottom compared to other developed countries. A new approach is needed if we are to achieve improvements in perinatal health. METHODS: To propose a new framework that integrates a "life span" approach with a multiple determinants model. RESULTS: We recognize that (1) powerful influences on outcome occur long before pregnancy begins; (2) pregnancy outcome is shaped by social, psychological, behavioral, environmental, and biological forces; and (3) the demography of pregnancy has changed dramatically in the last few decades with more women delaying their first birth. Approaches that simultaneously consider the entire life span as well as multiple determinants may need to be adopted. We propose a framework that integrates these approaches and is supported by the research literature. The life span perspective focuses attention toward the preconceptional and interconceptional periods as targets for intervention in improving perinatal health. The multiple determinants model distinguishes among concepts of disease, health and functioning, and well-being for both women and their offspring. CONCLUSIONS: Our intent is to influence how policymakers, public health professionals, clinicians, and researchers approach perinatal health.

Family Planning Services↗

PubMed2001

Asthma.

Asthma is an important and increasingly prevalent respiratory disease. Its proper diagnosis and treatment lie at the heart of improving asthma outcome. Unfortunately, asthma has many faces and is affected by many variables, many of them difficult to control. Like many chronic illnesses, asthma tends to affect the poor and less advantaged individuals in society. Heightened awareness among patients and physicians of the serious nature of the disease is needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality of asthma. Treatment clearly requires a multifaceted approach, including behavioral, environmental, social, and medical interventions, in which the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines provide a logical, step-wise, and effective approach.

Asthma↗