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Results for “Euthanasia, Passive”

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PubMed1994

Euthanasia from the perspective of hospice care.

The hospice believes in the concept of a gentle and harmonious death. In most hospice settings there is also a rejection of active euthanasia. This set of two apparently conflicting principles can be defended on the basis of two arguments. The first is that doctors should not foster the intent to kill as part of their moral and clinical character. This allows proper sensitivity to the complex and difficult situation that arises in many of the most difficult terminal care situations. The second argument turns on the seduction of technological solutions to human problems and the slippery slope that may arise in the presence of a quick and convenient way of dealing with problems of death and dying.

Euthanasia↗
PubMed1997

Pain and the choice to hasten death in patients with painful metastatic cancer.

Unrelieved pain has been cited as an important reason why cancer patients may seek to hasten their deaths. We interviewed 48 patients with painful metastatic cancer to ascertain their interest in various active and passive modes of hastening death. Ninety percent of these patients supported the general right of terminally ill patients to passive modes of hastening death and 80% supported the right to active modes such as assisted suicide and euthanasia. If they developed severe pain that could not be relieved, 80% would instruct their physician write a "do not attempt resuscitation" order, 40%-50% would want to receive suicide information or a lethal prescription from their physician, and 34% would request a lethal injection from their physician. Current pain and depression levels were not associated with interest in hastening death, but current somatic symptom burden was significantly associated with this interest.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Allowing to die.

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Coma↗
PubMed1987

Defining death.

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Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed2001

End of life care and reactions to death in African-American and white family caregivers of relatives with Alzheimer's disease.

Family caregivers for relatives with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) often experience significant stress-related problems in mental and physical health. Patients with AD often survive for protracted periods of time, placing an extensive burden of care on the caregiver prior to the patient's death. The present study addresses ethnic differences in the experience of AD caregivers around the time of their loved one's death, including life-sustaining treatment decisions and reactions to death. The results showed that, in our sample, more patients died in their homes than has been reported for deaths in the United States. African-American and White caregivers differed substantially in their reports of end of life care and subjective reactions to the death. Compared with White caregivers, African-American caregivers were less likely to make a decision to withhold treatment at the time of death, less likely to have their relative die in a nursing home, and reported less acceptance of the relative's death and greater perceived loss. Results suggest that death after AD caregiving deserves further study, and that ethnic differences in end of life care and bereavement may be of particular importance.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

End-of-life care and advance directives in Japan.

This paper examines the ethical issues concerning Advance Directives (ADs) and surveys the current Japanese situation. ADs were devised as a means of expressing the refusal to live in deep unconsciousness. This is validated as the patient's self-determined right to end his/her life in America. This trend affects Japan as well, where the move toward legislation for ADs is seen at present. Many Japanese people think that ADs should be respected because wishes in advance comprise the patient's autonomous decision concerning life-sustaining treatment and death with dignity. However, there are some ethical issues with ADs. The situation surrounding ADs is very uncertain. We cannot prove that a wish in deep unconsciousness and wish in advance are the same. In addition, medical prognoses are not always right. Such uncertainty gives rise to the ethical issue of consistency of advance autonomous decisions. It appears that many people are not aware of the ethical issues, and that there is little public discussion on ADs. Therefore, this paper explores why the Japanese have not argued the ethical issues concerning ADs. Finally, I speculate on the major problems and asks of ADs, and provide materials for the future examination of ADs.

Advance Directives↗