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Results for “Family Planning, Behavioral Methods”

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PubMed1991

Barrier contraceptives, spermicides, and periodic abstinence.

Although barrier contraceptives were among the first methods of preventing unwanted pregnancy ever described for human use, with the advent of the non-coitally related oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices, they gradually fell into relative disuse. However, for a variety of reasons, this is no longer the case. There is a renewed interest in these techniques both as a major form of birth control and also as our best protection against the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, many of which are now occurring in epidemic form. This latter reason has stimulated fresh approaches to both physical barriers and spermicidal agents. In addition, attempts have also been made to assess the true effectiveness of periodic abstinence and ways in which to make its use more accurate and acceptable.

Contraceptive Devices↗
PubMed1980

[Contraception].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Contraception↗
PubMed1985

The ageing gamete in relation to birth control failures and Down syndrome.

Some indirect relationships between contraception failures and offspring with a pathological condition are reviewed, and a causal connection between them is suggested. This hypothesis is supported by the decreasing incidence of Down syndrome (DS) in general in recent years, and the increase among the younger maternal age categories as well as the effect of birth order. A more than doubled incidence of DS children among young Catholic mothers and the fact that conceptions of children with DS are preceded by unusually long periods of abstinence are emphasised and discussed. These data offer circumstantial evidence that the conceptions that occur despite application of the so called "natural" family planning methods in particular are at high risk. The impact of reproductive biological failures ("nature") and of reproductive behaviour ("nurture") on the human gametes can be disentangled by thorough studies of the epidemiology of major and minor congenital anomalies.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Contraceptive practice in women with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Since there are few data on the use of various birth control methods in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we performed a cross-sectional study of the actual contraceptive practices in a group of 85 Finnish female SLE patients of reproductive age. We also recorded side-effects experienced during the use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and intrauterine devices (IUDs). The use of contraception was lower in SLE patients than in healthy women of the same age (59 vs 77%, P < 0.001). Sexually active SLE patients requiring contraception used more often barrier and natural methods (P < 0.001) and less often OCs (P < 0.05) than the corresponding healthy women. The risk of deep venous thrombosis in SLE patients while using oestrogen-containing OCs was slightly increased (RR 2.3, 95% CI 0.5 to 10.3). Twenty-five (78%) of the 32 patients, who had used progestagen-only contraceptives discontinued them because of side effects, which were mainly gynaecological. Major bleeding or pelvic infection did not occur during the use of IUDs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Twenty years of epidemiology in fertility regulation.

This paper summarizes findings from epidemiological research in fertility regulation which have helped in formulating policies nationally and internationally, without pretending to be all-encompassing; rather, it should help in demonstrating the usefulness and importance of epidemiological research and in discussing outstanding issues of public health relevance.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1991

An evaluation of the Bioself 110 electronic fertility indicator as a contraceptive aid.

The Bioself 110 is a hand-held electronic device that combines the BBT and calendar methods of fertility regulation for planning or preventing pregnancy. A pilot study was undertaken in three centers in the United Kingdom to evaluate the Bioself 110 as a contraceptive aid. This paper deals with 1238 cycles from 131 women. Only one unplanned pregnancy occurred where a volunteer correctly used the Bioself 110 and had intercourse on a supposedly "safe" day. A second pregnancy was experienced by a volunteer who incorrectly used the device and had intercourse on what she though was a "safe" day. Another 11 unplanned pregnancies occurred due to barrier method failures, as well as 11 pregnancies where the volunteers knowingly had unprotected intercourse during the fertile phase. There were five planned pregnancies. The Bioself 110 was correctly used in 71% of the cycles studied. Eighty-four percent of the volunteers indicated that they were satisfied with the Bioself 110 after six to twelve cycles of use. It was concluded that the Bioself 110 can serve as an effective family planning aid and should be added to the menu of contraceptive methods available to women today.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-esteem, spiritual well-being, and intimacy: a comparison among couples using NFP and oral contraceptives.

The purpose of this study was to compare the intimacy, spiritual well being (SWB), and self-esteem of couples using natural family planning (NFP) with those couples using oral contraceptives (OCs). 22 couples who were using the Creighton Model Ovulation Method of NFP for 1 year to avoid pregnancy were matched with 22 couples who were using OCs for a least a 1-year period and administered a SWB, self-esteem, and intimacy inventory. Student t-tests were calculated to determine differences in the mean scores of the 3 inventories between the 2 groups. The results showed that the NFP couples had statistically higher self-esteem (T=3.15, p0.01), SWB (T=4.25. p0.001), and intellectual intimacy (T=2.53, p0.05) than the OC couples. There were no differences in emotional, social, recreational, and sexual intimacy between the groups. Although the results provide some evidence that NFP can enhance a couple's relationship, other factors such as a sampling bias and educational levels could explain the difference.

Americas↗
PubMed1979

Use-effectiveness and client satisfaction in six centers teaching the Billings Ovulation Method.

Use-effectiveness of the Billings Ovulation Method (OM) is reported for 1139 clients from six centers who were followed for at least 24 months. Method failure rates were 1% when calculated by either Pearl formula or life table analysis. Combined method and user failure rates were 20% when calculated with the Pearl formula, and 16% at 12 months and 23% at 24 months by life table analysis. Pregnancy rates were higher for couples using OM alone, than for couples using OM in combination with additional fertility awareness methods or together with barrier methods. The difference was significant when estimated by the Pearl formula but not when analyzed by the life table. The emotional implications underlying the apparent contradiction between a desire to avoid pregnancy and the deliberate coital use of fertile days are reflected in the differences between method and user failure rates, the high client satisfaction levels reported with "user failure," and 56% continuation rate at 24 months. The will require in-depth exploration.

Abortion, Legal↗