SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “First Pregnancy Intervals”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer in Indonesia.

A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Ujungpandang, Indonesia, to determine the association of breast cancer and current and former oral contraceptive (OC) use. This study included 119 newly diagnosed, histologically-confirmed, breast cancer cases who were admitted to the four largest referral hospitals in Ujungpandang from 1990-1991. Controls were 258 women admitted to these same four hospitals with diagnoses unrelated to breast cancer or OC use. Thirty cases (32%) and 55 (19%) controls reported having ever used OCs. The odds ratio for ever using OCs and breast cancer was 1.8 (95% confidence interval 1.2-3.0) after adjustment for age, age at first pregnancy, and family history of breast cancer. Increasing duration of OC use did not increase risk of breast cancer. No latency trend of increasing years since first OC use among cases was observed; however, a younger age at first OC use was associated with increasing breast cancer risk. A significant recency effect was observed; women last using OCs within five years of study enrollment were at greatest risk of breast cancer (OR = 4.9, 95% CI: 2.1-11.4). This first study of breast cancer and OC use in Indonesia does not provide consistent data to indicate an increased risk of breast cancer associated with OC use. Although breast cancer cases were 80% more likely to have ever used OCs, neither duration nor latency of OC use were associated with cancer risk. The significant recency effect suggests that a detection bias might explain the observed relationship between ever OC use and breast cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Oral contraceptives and breast cancer: latest findings in a large cohort study.

During the interval 1968-74, 17,032 women aged 25-39 years were recruited to the Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study, more than half of whom were using oral contraceptives. These women have been followed up over the years and breast cancer has been diagnosed in 189 of them. We have analysed the available data in two ways. First, we have calculated standardised breast cancer incidence rates in non-users and users of oral contraceptives according to total duration of use, interval since first use, interval since last use, duration of use before first term pregnancy and duration of use before age 25. Secondly, we have conducted case-control within cohort analyses to examine the possible effects of different types of pill and to search for evidence of a latent effect of oral contraceptive use before first term pregnancy on breast cancer risk. We have found no evidence of any adverse effect of oral contraceptive use on the risk of breast cancer in this study. There was, however, little exposure to the pill before first term pregnancy among the participants and virtually no such exposure at a very young age (i.e. below 20 years). Accordingly, the results of this study strengthen the evidence that oral contraceptive use by mature women does not increase breast cancer risk, but add little to the uncertainty about the effects of early use.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Video display terminals and the risk of spontaneous abortion.

BACKGROUND: The relation between spontaneous abortion and the use of video display terminals (VDTs) is of great public health concern. Previous investigators of this issue have reported inconsistent findings. METHODS: To determine whether electromagnetic fields emitted by VDTs are associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion, a cohort of female telephone operators who used VDTs at work was compared with a cohort of operators who did not use VDTs. To obtain reliable estimates of exposure, we determined the number of hours of VDT use per week from company records and measured electromagnetic fields at VDT workstations and, for purposes of comparison, at workstations without VDTs. Operators who used VDTs had higher abdominal exposure to very-low-frequency (15 kHz) electromagnetic fields (workstations without VDTs did not emit very-low-frequency energy). Abdominal exposure to extremely-low-frequency fields (45 to 60 Hz) was similar for both operators who used VDTs and those who did not. Among 2430 women interviewed, there were 882 pregnancies that met our criteria for inclusion in the study. RESULTS: We found no excess risk of spontaneous abortion among women who used VDTs during the first trimester of pregnancy (odds ratio = 0.93; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.63 to 1.38), and no dose-response relation was apparent when we examined the women's hours of VDT use per week (odds ratio for 1 to 25 hours per week = 1.04; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.61 to 1.79; odds ratio for greater than 25 hours per week = 1.00; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.61 to 1.64). There continued to be no risk associated with the use of VDTs when we accounted for multiple pregnancies, conducted separate analyses of early abortion, late abortion, and all fetal losses, or limited our analyses to spontaneous abortions for which a physician was consulted. CONCLUSIONS: The use of VDTs and exposure to the accompanying electromagnetic fields were not associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in this study.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

PubMed1990

Occurrence of IgA and IgG antibodies to select peptides representing human papillomavirus type 16 among cervical cancer cases and controls.

We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to test sera from 186 cases of invasive cervical cancer and 172 age-matched controls for IgG and IgA antibodies to an human papillomavirus 16 E7 peptide and to peptide 245, representing an epitope in E2. Cases had significantly higher mean absorbance values than controls for both immunoglobulin isotypes to E7 and elevated mean values for IgG to peptide 245. Since absorbances were not normally distributed we analyzed cervical cancer risk for seropositive and seronegative women. Of the traditional cervical cancer risk factors, cigarette smoking, educational level, number of pregnancies, time interval since last Papanicolaou smear, and age at first intercourse influenced the distribution of seropositivity to some of the viral antigens. Adjusting for these variables, the odds ratios of cervical cancer associated with IgG to E7 was 5.28 [95% confidence (95% CI) = 2.4-11.6] and that with IgA to E7 was 2.67 (95% CI = 1.3-5.3). IgG to peptide 245 was less strongly associated, odds ratio 1.68 (95% CI = 1.2-3.3), and IgA to peptide 245 was not significantly associated with disease. These findings suggest that antibodies to E7 are markers for invasive cervical cancer. However, seropositivity correlated poorly with clinical state, survival, or the presence of human papillomavirus DNA in the cancer tissue.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed1993

[Seven-year experience with microsurgery].

From 700 laparoscopies performed, in 600 of them (85.7%) the tuboperitoneal factor was altered. Surgery included: termino-terminal plastia 70 cases (36%), (3 patients had previous plastia); adhensiolysis 62 (31%), salpingostomy 48 (24%), neoimplantation 10 (5%), and mixed surgery 9 (4%). After surgery, desertion was present in 78 patients. Of the 121 remaining, 34 (28.1%) had primary sterility and 87 (71.9%) secondary sterility. 74 patients (61.2%) obtained pregnancy, 62 (83.8%) reached term, seven were abortions of first trimester (9.5%) and were five ectopic pregnancies (6.7%). The interval between surgery and pregnancy achievement was 1 to 48 months, 12.8 months average. We emphasize the 47 patients analysis who didn't has pregnancy, through: remark time after surgery, histerosalpingography, new laparoscopy and reevaluation of sterility factors; the results were: 19 cases (40.5%) have a 5 to 60 months time after surgery, 19.5 months average, 18 (38.3%) had new tubary obstruction, three (6.4%) with endometriosis treatment, three (6.4%) have tuberculosis genital treatment, two (4.2%) with falling again endocrine-ovarian factor, and two (4.2%) with masculine relapse. A decease was present because anesthetic complication. We underline selection surgery criterion and a strictly evaluation, such as an antiadhesion pre, trans and postoperative regime, ligamentopexya of rounds ligaments and a conscious education of the patients in their strictly pursuit.

Fallopian Tube Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Features of present-day contraception behavior (according to the data of the Tver district)].

Presents the results of a random social hygienic study devoted to family planning, carried out in the town of Tver and its region. The objects of this study were medical and university students and physicians specialized in obstetrics and gynecology engaged in family planning problems. Contraception behavior of young people was analyzed and the structure of contraception in Russia compared with that in countries with well-developed economy. Family planning problems viewed by present-day young people are discussed: the optimal marriage age and time of appearance of the first baby, the desired number of children, intergenetic intervals, and pregnancy outcomes. The attitude of obstetricians and gynecologists to contraception, their knowledge and skills in this sphere are analyzed. Shortcomings in the activities of obstetrical and gynecological service in family planning and contraception are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Recurrent first trimester spontaneous abortion associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: a pilot study of treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin.

BACKGROUND: Antiphospholipid antibodies, unassociated with an underlying connective tissue disease, have repeatedly been detected in women suffering from recurrent spontaneous abortions. Several therapeutic regimens have been advocated for pregnant women with recurrent fetal loss and antiphospholipid antibodies. However, most of these approaches were empirical, using several drugs simultaneously, and most reports describe single cases or limited series. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS: In a pilot study, thirty-eight women with a history of three or more consecutive first trimester spontaneous abortions and antiphospholipid antibodies were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. As soon as pregnancy had been confirmed, intravenous immunoglobulin was administered at a dose of 300 mg/kg bodyweight, and infusions were repeated at three-weekly intervals until the 16th-17th week of pregnancy. RESULTS: Pregnancy proceeded beyond the first trimester in 34 of the patients (89.4%), and 31 patients (81.4%) gave birth to healthy infants at 37 to 42 weeks' gestation. CONCLUSIONS: Although the results are promising, randomized placebo-controlled trials are necessary to exclude the influence of other factors (e.g. intense obstetric supervision and psychological factors) on pregnancy outcome and confirm the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortions and antiphospholipid antibodies.

Abortion, Habitual↗

PubMed1999

The effects of a post partum injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha on return to oestrus and pregnancy rates in dairy cows.

The interval from calving to conception is unnecessarily long in dairy cows. Post partum administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha can reduce the calving to conception interval, but it is not known whether this is due to advanced return to oestrus, increased oestrus intensity and/or increased pregnancy rates. In two experiments, the treatment of dairy cows with prostaglandin F2 alpha 21 days post partum reduced the interval to first oestrus and first service by about 10 days. The intensity of oestrus was not affected. Pregnancy rates to first service were increased from (on average) 60 to 80%, and the number of services/conception was reduced from 2.0 to 1.3.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Transient increase in the risk of breast cancer after giving birth.

BACKGROUND: The effect of pregnancy on the risk of breast cancer is not clear. We tested the hypothesis that the risk of breast cancer increases transiently after pregnancy but then falls to a level below that of age-matched nulliparous women. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of a nationwide cohort in Sweden, using a computerized record linkage between the Cancer Registry and the Fertility Registry. The study subjects were women born from 1925 through 1960 who were resident citizens of Sweden at the time of the 1960 census. A total of 12,666 patients with breast cancer were compared with 62,121 age-matched control subjects. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios for the development of breast cancer at different ages, according to maternal age at first delivery (in uniparous as compared with nulliparous women) and age at second delivery (in biparous as compared with uniparous women). RESULTS: Uniparous women were at higher risk of breast cancer than nulliparous women for up to 15 years after childbirth and at lower risk thereafter. The excess risk was most pronounced among women who were older at the time of their first delivery (odds ratio 5 years after delivery among women 35 years old at first delivery, 1.26; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.44). Women who had two pregnancies had a less striking increase in risk. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy has a dual effect on the risk of breast cancer: it transiently increases the risk after childbirth but reduces the risk in later years. In women with two pregnancies, the short-term adverse effect is masked by the long-term protection imparted by the first pregnancy. A plausible biologic interpretation is that pregnancy increases the short-term risk of breast cancer by stimulating the growth of cells that have undergone the early stages of malignant transformation but that it confers long-term protection by inducing the differentiation of normal mammary stem cells that have the potential for neoplastic change.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Prolonged QT interval in an infant of a fluoxetine treated mother.

Fluoxetine is an antidepressant drug, only recently discovered to be a QT interval prolonging agent. The first case is presented of an infant of a mother treated with fluoxetine during pregnancy who had a transiently prolonged QTc interval, concluded to be drug induced. Clinical and electrocardiographic monitoring of newborns of antidepressant treated mothers is needed.

Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation↗

PubMed1988

Incidence of spontaneous abortion among normal women and insulin-dependent diabetic women whose pregnancies were identified within 21 days of conception.

Whether pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of spontaneous abortion is controversial. To address this question, we enrolled 386 women with insulin-dependent diabetes and 432 women without diabetes before or within 21 days after conception and followed both groups prospectively. Sixty-two diabetic women (16.1 percent) and 70 control women (16.2 percent) had pregnancy losses (odds ratio, 0.99; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.67 to 1.46). After adjustment for known risk factors for spontaneous abortion, the rate was still not significantly higher in the diabetic group (odds ratio, 0.91; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.59 to 1.40). Nonetheless, among the diabetic women, most of whom had good metabolic control, those who had spontaneous abortions had higher fasting and postprandial glucose levels in the first trimester than those whose pregnancies continued to delivery (P = 0.01 for fasting glucose levels and P = 0.005 for postprandial levels). In the small subgroup of diabetic women with poor control, who had elevated values for glycosylated hemoglobin in the first trimester, each increase of 1 SD above the normal range was associated with an increase of 3.1 percent in the rate of pregnancy loss (95 percent confidence interval, 0.6 to 5.6). We conclude that diabetic women with good metabolic control are no more likely than nondiabetic women to lose a pregnancy, but that diabetic women with elevated blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in the first trimester have a significantly increased risk of having a spontaneous abortion.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic relapsing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy: a case report.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a disorder of unknown etiology affecting the microcirculation of multiple organ systems. Plasma therapy has significantly reduced the mortality rate; thus, an increased incidence of recurrence has been noted. Since corticosteroids, antiplatelet agents, and splenectomy do not prevent recurrences, monthly plasma infusion have been instituted to decrease the risk of recurrence. However, in pregnancy, increase in frequency of plasma infusions to weekly or biweekly intervals has been associated with avoidance of placental infarcts. This is the first report of a successful pregnancy in which bimonthly prophylactic single plasma-exchange plasmapheresis was the treatment regimen with no obvious maternal-fetal morbidity.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Effect of uterus position relative to the pelvic inlet on the accuracy of early bovine pregnancy diagnosis by means of ultrasonography.

A 5-MHz sector transducer (experiment 1) and a 7.5 MHz linear-array transducer (experiment 2) were used for early pregnancy diagnosis in two Hungarian dairy herds under field conditions. In the first experiment, ultrasound scanning was conducted three times at 3 or 4-day intervals between 24 and 33 days after artificial insemination (AI), while in the second experiment, it was performed two times at 7-day intervals between 27 and 38 days post-insemination. Significantly more incorrect non-pregnancy diagnoses were made between 24 and 33 days (first experiment) and between 27 and 38 days (second experiment) after AI in cows in which the uterus was located far cranial to the pelvic inlet than in animals in which the uterus was located within or close to the pelvic inlet at the first ultrasonographic examination.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Short communication: genetic evaluation of the interval from first to last insemination with survival analysis and linear models.

Sire breeding values for the interval between the first and last insemination were predicted using 4 proportional hazards models (survival analyses) and 2 linear mixed models to determine which would result in a more accurate genetic evaluation. A stochastic simulation describing the reproductive cycle of first-parity cows was conducted, in which true breeding values for conception rate were created. The model included the effects of sire and herd. The highest correlations between true breeding values for conception rate and breeding values for the interval between first and last insemination predicted by the survival analysis model and the linear model were 0.803 and 0.744, respectively. The results showed that when pregnancy status was known, survival models were more accurate than linear models to predict breeding values for conception rate when using observations on the interval between first and last insemination.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Natural interpregnancy intervals of fertile couples: a longitudinal survey of grand grand multiparous women.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the natural fecundity of grand grand multiparous women (> or = 10 deliveries) in relation to age, number of pregnancies, body mass index, and chronic diseases. DESIGN: A retrospective longitudinal analysis of interpregnancy intervals of married couples who had never used any kind of contraception. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: The interpregnancy intervals (months from delivery or spontaneous abortion to the next conception) of 96 grand grand multiparous women with a total of 1,327 pregnancies were evaluated from the first to the latest pregnancy (14 +/- 1.7; mean +/- SD). Because of the lack of reliable data on conception times, 109 pregnancies had to be excluded. The number of interpregnancy intervals remaining for evaluation was thus 1,218. RESULTS: The mean interpregnancy intervals in the material of 1,218 pregnancies was 8.5 +/- 4.9 months, being significantly shorter after an abortion (5.3 +/- 4.8 months) or stillbirth (6.0 +/- 4.7 months) than after a delivery (8.9 +/- 5.6 months). The interpregnancy interval was significantly longer in women over 30 years of age than in the younger women, approximately 7 months in the latter and exceeding 10 months around the age of 40 years. Body mass index and chronic medical illness did not influence the interpregnancy intervals. The incidence of spontaneous abortions increased after the age of 30 years. It was 6% until 30 years, 10% between 31 and 35 years, and 25% after 40 years. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective longitudinal review, the reproductive capacity of fertile couples remains rather sound until premenopausal age. The data suggest that a woman's delivery capacity could be 25 births between 16 and 45 years of age.

Abortion, Induced↗

PubMed2000

The evaluation of determinants of early postpartum low mood: the importance of parity and inter-pregnancy interval.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the extent of early postpartum low mood and possible relevant variables in our population. STUDY DESIGN: Depressive symptoms were examined in a sample of 85 women in the first week of postpartum period using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The relevant sociodemographic variables were tested by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The rate of postpartum low mood (BDI score >10) was found 35.2%. High parity, long marriage period and low education level were all significantly associated with low mood in the postpartum first week. When logistic regression analysis was used to eliminate confounding effect of the parameters; grandmultiparity, short inter-pregnancy interval and low educational level were found to have important effect on postpartum low mood. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with risk factors for postpartum low mood such as grandmultiparity, short inter-pregnancy interval and low educational level should be identified early during antenatal period. Educational and social support should be given to those in such a risk. We believe that effective family planning programs and improvement of women's educational level are important preventive factors for postpartum low mood and subsequently developing depression.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Delayed traumatic rupture of the diaphragm in pregnancy.

Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm may result from trauma or from direct penetrating injuries. The rupture is often an occult injury, which can have a symptom-free interval that may last for years. This paper presents the first 2 reported cases of delayed rupture associated with intrauterine pregnancy. A review of clinical signs and symptoms is presented along with typical radiological findings. Mortality in the nonpregnant state approaches 50% and varies directly with the number of organs involved, the presence of strangulation, and the interval of time from rupture to surgical intervention. The authors conclude that all obstetrical patients with a history of penetrating wounds of the chest or upper abdomen require special evaluation and prompt surgical intervention if delayed rupture of the diaphragm is established.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

First-trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein as a marker for fetal chromosomal disorders. Dutch Working Party on Prenatal Diagnosis.

We evaluated first-trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MS-AFP) as a marker for fetal chromosomal disorders. The multicentre study was performed under the auspices of the Dutch Working Party on Prenatal Diagnosis. MS-AFP was measured in 2404 normal pregnancies and 72 chromosomally abnormal pregnancies. The median multiple of the normal median (MOM) in 32 Down's syndrome pregnancies was 0.83 with a 95 per cent confidence interval ranging from 0.60 to 1.04. The difference between the distributions of first-trimester MS-AFP in normal and Down's syndrome pregnancies was statistically significant (t-test: t = 2.34, P < 0.05). Thirty-one per cent of the Down's syndrome pregnancies were found below the tenth percentile. We found no difference between normal pregnancies and pregnancies with other chromosomal disorders (eight cases with trisomy 18, MOM = 1.26; seven cases with sex chromosome abnormalities, MOM = 1.07; 22 cases with a chromosomal mosaic pattern in chorionic villi, MOM = 1.08). We conclude that first-trimester MS-AFP can discriminate between normal and Down's syndrome pregnancies, but is not an effective marker. First-trimester MS-AFP has no value as a marker for other fetal chromosomal disorders.

Chromosome Aberrations↗