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PubMedDate not supplied

Screening of gastrointestinal hormone release in patients with lung cancer.

The aim of this study was the screening of gastrointestinal (GI) hormones release as possible sensitive tumor markers. The subjects were eight patients with carcinoma of the lung compared with nine healthy controls. Six kinds of GI hormones were measured by the specific radioimmunoassay. It was evaluated by fasting level (F), increased integrated responses (IIR60, IIR180 pmol/l/min) and total integrated responses (TIR60, TIR180 pmol/l/min) after a meal. The data were analyzed by the Student's t-test. The F of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was significantly higher in patients than that in healthy controls (24.4 vs. 12.3 pmol/l, p = 0.002). Consequently, the sensitivity was 75% (6 out of 8) and specificity was 100% (9 out of 9). Almost all parameters of IIR60, IIR180, TIR60 and TIR180 in PP and peptide YY were significantly higher in patients than in healthy controls (p value: 0.00020-0.021). The other four kinds of hormones showed similar results to the healthy controls. These results seem to indicate that PP and PYY would be useful tumor markers for lung cancer in clinical management.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Effects of gastrointestinal hormonal peptides on the transformation of human peripheral lymphocytes.

The gastrointestinal peptides secretin and cholecystokinin were found to inhibit the incorporation of 3H-thymidine in the lymphocyte transformation reaction in response to phytohemagglutinin. Both peptides inhibited lymphocyte activation in a dose responsive fashion. This inhibition was not due to the toxicity of these substances, as the lymphocytes remained intact and capable of excluding trypan blue. Neither glucagon nor gastrin had any effects of lymphocyte transformation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Gastrointestinal hormones and the quantitation of spontaneous duodenal motor activity.

This is a survey of the results of recent investigations on gastrointestinal (GI) peptide hormones. In addition to the classical GI hormones (secretin, gastrin, and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ], there are at least nine other peptides whose structures and GI effects are known. These include vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), motilin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), substance P, neurotensin, somatostatin, enkephalins, and a bombesin-like gastrin-releasing peptide. It is now obvious that the traditional distinctions between hormones, neurotransmitters, and paracrines are rapidly becoming obsolete, as the actions and interactions of these substances within the complex motor system of the GI tract are gradually revealed. The study of perturbed states and toxic effects on the motor function of the small intestine is complicated by the integration of the activity of the small intestine with the activities of the body as a whole. A contemporary approach for evaluating intestinal contractile activity is described that uses computer assistance to measure the intercontractile interval (ICI). This technique may prove useful in assessing the effects of toxicological agents on spontaneous intestinal motor activity in vitro when the agents are delivered to the target sites by physiological mechanisms, in contrast to adding them to the tissue bath.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Hyperosmolal formula in neonatal piglets: effects on gastrointestinal hormone concentrations, enteric bacterial titers, and small intestinal histology.

Ingestion of hyperosmolal formula (HOF) by neonatal piglets has been shown to cause significant time-dependent reduction in phase 3 myoelectric activity, which persists in the terminal ileum. To determine whether a single hyperosmolal meal leads to elevated concentrations of gastrointestinal (GI) hormones that inhibit intestinal motility and/or promote bacterial proliferation and disruption of intestinal mucosa, we studied 20 healthy neonatal piglets following feeding with an increased HOF (872 +/- 32 mOsmol/kg, n = 10) and commercial pig milk formula (481 +/- 41 mOsmol/kg, n = 10). Gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, and motilin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay during fasting and postprandial periods (15, 30, 45, 120, 180, and 240 min). Gastrin concentrations were significantly increased at 15 and 30 min following a hyperosmolal meal (p less than 0.01), but there were no statistical differences in GI hormone concentrations between groups. These transient elevations of gastrin concentrations are associated with significant postprandial reductions in phase 3 small intestinal myoelectric activity (SIMEA) that we have observed. Aerobic bacterial titers were not significantly different between proximal and distal small intestinal segments or between experimental groups, and anaerobic bacteria were seldom recovered. Thus, SIMEA was not sufficiently altered to produce significant bacterial proliferation. Small intestinal histology, assessed by light microscopy, showed normal proximal and distal small intestinal mucosa in 8 of 10 piglets from each group. Therefore, orogastric instillation of a single hyperosmolal feed does not result in intestinal mucosal damage. Further studies are warranted to determine the effects of hyperosmolal feeds when additional risk factors exist in the neonate.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1993

Clinical applications of gastrointestinal hormones.

Over 80 peptides and amines secreted by more than 20 different types of neuroendocrine cells scattered throughout the gut have been identified. The physiologic function and clinical relevance of many of these hormones await elucidation. Nevertheless, the clinical use of these agents in either diagnostic or therapeutic modalities has greatly expanded the appreciation of the relevance of many of these peptides to malignant and nonmalignant pathobiology.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1989

Effects of a gastric implant on body weight and gastrointestinal hormones in cafeteria diet obese rats.

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of a gastric implant in an animal model of dietary obesity, silicone implants (2.5 ml) were inserted into the stomachs of male rats maintained on a chow or "cafeteria" diet. At the time of implantation, the cafeteria fed rats weighed 14% more than chow fed controls. Overweight cafeteria fed animals lost weight in response to the gastric implant, whereas control chow fed animals did not. Both implant groups had significant increases in stomach weights in contrast to sham implant groups, but the increase was much less in the cafeteria diet group. The fasting plasma levels of the gastrointestinal hormones, gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide, and oxytocin (a marker of vagal afferent function) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Cafeteria fed sham or implanted animals had significantly higher fasting levels of plasma oxytocin and gastrin, and significantly lower plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide than the chow fed groups. These studies demonstrate that the gastric implant has more effect on weight in overweight animals on a palatable mixed diet, perhaps related to both mechanical and neural factors.

Animals↗