Investigation and management of gastrointestinal motility disease.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Biliary Dyskinesia↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
History traces of gastrointestinal motility in Poland.
The objectives of this chapter was to show how motility studies were developed and performed in Poland at the end of century to better understand pathophysiology and improve the clinicians ability to evaluate and treat patients with motility-related disorders. Some of the important historical points along the path to current understanding of the form and function of gastrointestinal motility are presented. Scarce information exists about other than Cracow and Wrocław motility centers in Poland in previous century. Lately sophisticated technology became available in Poland and more centers have begun to yield more effective strategies of treatment and enhanced understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying GI motility disorders.
Animals↗
Central opioid-like influence of a tetrapeptide from hamster embryo (kentsin) on gastrointestinal motility in dogs.
The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) vs. intravenous (i.v.) administration of kentsin (H-Thr-Pro-Arg-Lys-OH) on gastrointestinal motility were investigated in fasted dogs. Administered i.c.v. at doses of 20 and 100 ng/kg, this peptide inhibited by 51.2 and 76.1% the antral motility index and disrupted the jejunal migrating motor complex for 2 and 4 h respectively. Similar effects were only obtained after a 25 fold higher dose administered i.v. and these effects were abolished after a previous i.c.v. administration of naloxone (50 micrograms/kg) suggesting that they are mediated through opiate receptors.
Animals↗
Comparative effects of morphine and cyclazocine on gastrointestinal motility in conscious dogs.
The effects of intravenous (i.v.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of two opiate-like drugs, morphine and cyclazocine on gastrointestinal motility were investigated in conscious fasted dogs chronically fitted with strain gauge transducers on the antrum, the jejunum and the colon. Intravenous administration of morphine (100 micrograms.kg-1) induced a disorganization of the cyclic motility of the antrum, a premature phase of regular activity on the jejunum and a stimulation of colonic motility. Intracerebroventricular administration of morphine at a 10 times lower dose induced a short (10-15 min) stimulation of gastric motility followed by a prolonged (2-3 hr) inhibition associated with a disorganization of the jejunal motility and a stimulation of colonic motility. Cyclazocine at the same doses (10 micrograms.kg-1) induced identical effects after administration by i.v. and i.c.v. routes which consisted of an inhibition of gastric and jejunal motility and a stimulation of colonic motility. These results show peculiar motor responses, at each level of the digestive tract, to central and peripheral administration of an opiate-like drug.
Animals↗
Effect of erythromycin administration on upper gastrointestinal motility in scleroderma patients.
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal involvement is frequent in patients with scleroderma. Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, has been shown to accelerate gastric emptying in normal subjects and diabetic patients. The present study investigated the effects of acute erythromycin administration on gastric and gallbladder motility in patients with scleroderma and gastrointestinal involvement. METHODS: Twelve scleroderma patients and 14 healthy subjects were investigated. Each subject was investigated on 4 different days. Gastric and gallbladder emptying and gastric motility were determined by sonography and manometry, and the effect of 2 mg/kg/h erythromycin in fasted patients or after semisolid meal evaluated. RESULTS: The half-time of gastric emptying in response to semisolid meal was 121.3 +/- 14.0 min (SE) in scleroderma patients and 45.7 +/- 10.4 min in healthy subjects (P < 0.01). The peak of gallbladder emptying occurred later in scleroderma patients (95.0 +/- 5.0 min) than in healthy subjects (45.0 +/- 8.0 min) (P < 0.01). Erythromycin stimulated gastric and gallbladder motility in fasted subjects, as shown by manometry and sonography, and accelerated gastric and gallbladder emptying when administered immediately before the meal (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Erythromycin accelerates gastric and gallbladder emptying in scleroderma patients and might be helpful in the treatment of gastrointestinal motor abnormalities in these patients.
Adult↗
Ursodeoxycholic acid improves gastrointestinal motility defects in gallstone patients.
AIM: To simultaneously evaluate the presence of defects in gallbladder and gastric emptying, as well as in intestinal transit in gallstone patients (GS) and the effect of chronic ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) administration on these parameters and on serum bile acids and clinical outcome in GS and controls (CTR). METHODS: After a standard liquid test meal, gallbla-dder and gastric emptying (by ultrasound), oroileal transit time (OITT) (by an immunoenzymatic technique) and serum bile acids (by HPLC) were evaluated before and after 3 mo of UDCA (12 mg/kg bw/d) or placebo administration in 10 symptomatic GS and 10 matched healthy CTR. RESULTS: OITT was longer in GS than in CTR (P < 0.0001); UDCA significantly reduced OITT in GS (P < 0.0001), but not in CTR. GS had longer gastric half-emptying time (t(1/2)) than CTR (P < 0.0044) at baseline; after UDCA, t(1/2) significantly decreased (P < 0.006) in GS but not in CTR. Placebo administration had no effect on gastric emptying and intestinal transit in both GS and CTR. CONCLUSION: The gallstone patient has simultaneous multiple impairments of gallbladder and gastric emptying, as well as of intestinal transit. UDCA administration restores these defects in GS, without any effect in CTR. These results confirm the pathogenetic role of gastrointestinal motility in gallstone disease and suggest an additional mechanism of action for UDCA in reducing bile cholesterol supersaturation.
Adult↗
Gastric myoelectrical activity and gastrointestinal motility in patients with functional dyspepsia.
The aim of our study was to examine the prevalence of gastric myoelectrical disturbances in relation to gastrointestinal motility abnormalities in patients with functional dyspepsia, using simultaneous electrogastrography and antroduodenojejunal manometry. We carried out electrogastrography in 20 patients with functional dyspepsia and in 20 healthy volunteers. In 10 of these patients and in 10 of the volunteers antroduodenojejunal manometry was performed simultaneously. Apart from a higher postprandial power content of the 3 cycles per minute (cpm) component in the patients (1263 +/- 317 and 393 +/- 101 microV2, respectively; P = 0.016), no differences in the electrogastrographic variables were found between the groups. In the manometric part of the study, postprandial antral hypoactivity was not a prominent finding. Instead, small intestinal hyperactivity was found in the dyspeptic patients, with both a higher frequency and amplitude of the contractions (P < 0.05). This hyperactivity often consisted of bursts, which were significantly more frequent in patients than in control subjects (total duration of burst activity 25.6 +/- 6.4 and 6.0 +/- 1.7 min, respectively; P = 0.013). A positive correlation was found between the frequency of the gastric electrical control activity and the antral contraction frequency (P = 0.006), between the power content of the electrographic signal and the antral contraction amplitude (P = 0.025), and between the postprandial/fasting electrographic power ratio and the antral motility index (P = 0.007). In conclusion, gastric myoelectrical activity is minimally disturbed in patients with functional dyspepsia. Motor abnormalities, especially small intestinal hyperactivity, are more likely to play a prominent role in the genesis of dyspeptic symptoms.
Adult↗
Gastrointestinal motility and its regulation.
Cineradiography and intraluminal pressure recordings, together with data from strain gauges and Ag/AgCl electrodes, have been used to evaluate gastrointestinal motility in fowl. Substantial differences exist with mammals. Gizzard and duodenal activities are closely in phase with one another, and intrinsic slow wave control is lacking although duodenal slow waves may be recorded. These slow waves may be more important in ileum, colon, and ceca. Extensive reverse peristalsis is apparent in both areas and considered normal for overall intestinal operation.
Animals↗
The effect on gastrointestinal motility after ingestion of raw bile of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) in the conscious rats.
The influence of raw grass carp bile on gastrointestinal motility was studied in conscious rats. It was found that the toxic bile prolonged the gastric emptying time, increased a marker substance traversed along the small intestine and accelerated the transit time along the colon. These findings might be explained by a very efficient protective response of the digestive system, and/or poisoning effect of the invading toxic substance in rats. Accumulation of fluid was found in the stomach, 20 min after ingestion of 0.3 ml of the toxic bile. Besides, ingestion of the raw bile also increased the urea nitrogen in blood, which may result from a loss of fluid volume through the gastrointestinal tract and (or) a direct action of the bile on the kidneys.
Animals↗
Effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on plasma motilin and somatostatin levels and gastrointestinal motility in dogs.
The effects of intracerebroventricular and intravenous administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on gastrointestinal motility, motilin-induced gastric motor response, and plasma motilin and somatostatin levels were investigated in fasted dogs chronically prepared with strain gauge transducers on the antrum and proximal jejunum. Administered intracerebroventricularly at doses of 20 and 100 ng/kg in fasted dogs, CRF suppressed for 4-5 h the gastric cyclic migrating motor complex. A similar dose (100 ng/kg) administered intravenously was inactive. Corticotropin-releasing factor administration by the intravenous route at 100 ng/kg did not alter the cyclic plasma motilin and somatostatin variations associated with the cyclic gastric motor events. During the blockade of antral migrating motor complex induced by intracerebroventricular administration of CRF, cyclic peaks of plasma motilin were absent whereas those of somatostatin persisted. The gastrointestinal migrating motor complex induced by the intravenous administration of porcine motilin (0.25 microgram/kg) was abolished when motilin was injected 2 h after the intravenous administration of CRF (100 ng/kg), whereas a similar dose of CRF administered intracerebroventricularly did not abolish the antral and jejunal motor responses to motilin. It is concluded that in fasted dogs, CRF administered centrally affects the interdigestive gastric motility and the release of motilin but not that of somatostatin. These results also suggest that the intracerebroventricular CRF-induced blockade of motilin release is responsible for the inhibition of gastric migrating motor complex and circulating CRF is able to affect the gastric motor response to porcine motilin through a peripheral mechanism that does not involve somatostatin and motilin secretion.
Animals↗
[Effect of 1, alpha-phenyl-alpha (2-diethylaminoethyl) glutarimide hydrochloride on gastric secretion & gastrointestinal motility in man].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Gastric Juice↗
Recovery of gastrointestinal motility from post-operative ileus in dogs: effects of Leu13-motilin (KW-5139) and prostaglandin F2 alpha.
Cyclical motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract, normally occurring during the interdigestive period in several mammals, is disrupted in the post-operative ileus. We determined the recovery from the disappearance of cyclical motor activity, from the stomach to the colon, in dogs after laparotomy with the force transducers. Moreover, we examined the effects of Leu13-motilin (KW-5139) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), administered in the early post-operative period, on the gastrointestinal motility. Following laparotomy, the cyclical motor activity reappeared firstly in the ileum and the colon, then in the jejunum and the duodenum, and finally in the stomach. The reappearance time of the phase III contractions in the stomach was 105.8 +/- 10.6 h (n = 4). In the early post-operative period, KW-5139 (0.5 microgram kg-1, i.v.) induced phase-III-like contractions, whereas PGF2 alpha (50 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) induced simultaneously occurring contractions over the whole gastrointestine. The treatment with KW-5139 (0.5 microgram kg-1, i.v.) four times (twice daily on the first and the second post-operative day) significantly (P < 0.05) shortened the time required to recover the phase III contractions in the stomach (64.2 +/- 2.2 h, n = 4), whereas that with PGF2 alpha (50 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) four times did not (111.3 +/- 17.2 h, n = 4). The present results indicate that, after laparotomy, the cyclical motor activity recovers faster in the distal intestine than in the proximal intestine and the stomach, and that KW-5139, but not PGF2 alpha, shortens the reappearance time of the phase III activity in the stomach.
Analysis of Variance↗
Upper gastrointestinal motility disorders and respiratory symptoms.
The association between upper gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders and respiratory problems is reviewed. Upper GI motility disorders, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastroparesis, and achalasia, have been associated with respiratory problems, including aspiration, airway obstruction, asthma, bronchospasm, chronic cough, and laryngitis. These associations, which had been based solely on clinical observation, have recently been supported by physiologic studies and treatment trials. The association of reflux disease with asthma has the most support. Up to 80% of persons with asthma have evidence of pathologic gastroesophageal reflux, and in several studies antireflux therapy with prokinetic agents, antisecretory drugs, or fundoplication surgery has been found to reduce asthma symptoms and the need for medication in some patients. Reflux has also been associated with chronic cough and laryngitis, and antireflux therapy can reduce respiratory symptoms. Gastroesophageal reflux, gastroparesis, and achalasia are all associated with aspiration. In addition, in rare instances, the megaesophagus associated with achalasia can produce mechanical airway obstruction. Effective therapy for these GI motility disorders can eliminate complicating respiratory problems.
Adult↗
Oral administration of Tyr-MIF-1 stimulates gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility in rodents.
The effects of orally administered Tyr-MIF-1, an agonist of an endogenous antiopiate system, were examined on gastric emptying in mice and gastrointestinal myoelectric activity in rats. Tyr-MIF-1 (5 mg/kg in mice, 20 mg/kg in rats) accelerated gastric emptying of a methylcellulose test meal, increased the frequency of antral spike bursts, and disrupted intestinal migrating myoelectric complexes. These effects were reproduced by a subcutaneous administration of Tyr-MIF-1 at the same dosage. They were blocked by naloxone (1 mg/kg) but not by the kappa receptor subtype antagonist MR 2266 (1 mg/kg). The GABAA antagonist bicuculline (0.5 mg/kg), but not the GABAB antagonist 2-hydroxysaclofen (4 mg/kg), also antagonized the effects of Tyr-MIF-1. These data demonstrate that oral Tyr-MIF-1 stimulates gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility through a systemic or central action that involves opioid and GABA systems.
Administration, Cutaneous↗
Hormonal control of gastrointestinal motility.
The motor responses of the gastrointestinal tract to a meal are tuned to provide the optimal conditions for digestion and absorption of food. Hormones released from the mucosa of the intestinal tract play an important role in regulating and integrating the various motor events which occur. Complex feedbacks, both nervous and humoral, control the release of intestinal hormones and also modify their actions. Preliminary studies suggest that abnormalities in the secretion or action of various gastrointestinal hormones may play an important role in the production of motor disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
Cholecystokinin↗
Pediatric gastrointestinal motility studies.
Radionuclide studies for evaluating gastrointestinal transit in adults have been adapted for use in infants and children for assessing esophageal transit, gastroesophageal reflux, and gastric emptying. However, the measurement of small- and large-bowel transit times in these patients has been limited.
Child↗
Effects of domperidone therapy on symptoms and upper gastrointestinal motility in infants with gastroesophageal reflux.
We evaluated the effect of domperidone, a novel prokinetic agent, on symptoms and esophageal and gastric motility in 15 infants (six boys), mean age 7.9 months, with moderate to severe gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and upper gastrointestinal motility disturbances. Patients received domperidone orally for 6 weeks and underwent weekly assessment of five GER-associated symptoms, weight change, and side effects. Mean total symptom scores significantly improved after treatment (P less than 0.01). Vomiting, "spitting," and coughing each improved significantly. Postprandial reflux time (defined as esophageal pH less than 4.0) and percent peristaltic esophageal contractions improved significantly (p less than 0.05). Gastric fundic contractions, present in only four infants before treatment, occurred in nine after domperidone administration. Although mean gastric emptying of isotope-labeled formula was not improved, it improved greater than or equal to 10% over baseline in nine patients. Peristaltic amplitude, lower esophageal sphincter pressure, and esophageal acid clearance time were unchanged. Side effects were minimal. We conclude that domperidone is a useful and safe agent for treatment of gastroesophageal reflex in infants because it addresses the motility abnormalities inherent in the pathophysiology of the disorder.
Domperidone↗
Effect of romifidine on gastrointestinal motility, assessed by transrectal ultrasonography.
A technique of transrectal ultrasonography was developed to investigate the effects of romifidine 80 and 120 microg/kg bwt on intestinal motility in the horse. Motility of the small intestine, caecum and left ventral colon were assessed following injection of romifidine and a saline control, using a blinded, cross-over study design in 6 horses. Measurements were taken at 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after drug administration. There was a slight nonsignificant decrease in motility in the control group over the 4 h study period. Both doses of romifidine produced a marked decrease in gastrointestinal motility and were associated with the presence of reduced (nonpropulsive) contractions. Transrectal ultrasonography proved suitable for monitoring changes in the type and frequency of intestinal motility in the horse.
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗