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At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Detection of antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus in serum of horses with mycosis of the auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch).

OBJECTIVE: To detect antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus antigens in serum samples from horses and to evaluate the relevance of this method as an alternative approach to the diagnosis of mycosis of the auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch mycosis [GPM]). ANIMALS: Twelve clinically normal horses (controls) and 12 horses with GPM diagnosed by endoscopic observation of characteristic mycotic plaques. PROCEDURE: Antibodies to A fumigatus antigens were detected in serum by use of an ELISA and immunoblot analysis with extracellular antigens. RESULTS: Antibodies against A fumigatus antigens were found in healthy and diseased horses. Titer of total Aspergillus antibodies was not diagnostic for GPM. In contrast, immunoblot analysis results indicated that 2 antigens of 22 and 26 kd were constantly recognized by sera from diseased horses. CONCLUSIONS: Reactivity to 22- and 26-kd A fumigatus antigens, as measured by immunoblot analysis, seemed to be diagnostic for GPM in horses.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Caprine serum fraction immunomodulator as supplemental treatment of lower respiratory disease in the horse.

Suppurative lower airway disease is a common debilitating disease in performance horses and, while rarely fatal, is often recalcitrant to conventional therapy. A variety of treatments have been used to combat this condition and we conducted two types of studies to determine if caprine serum fraction--immunomodulator (CSFI), a nonspecific immunomodulator, improved recovery from lower respiratory disease. Two dose response studies were performed to ascertain the efficacy of CSFI. Horses were maintained daily on conventional antibiotic therapy. Respiratory tract exudate, nasal discharge, dyspnoea, chest auscultation and cough frequency were monitored weekly. One hundred percent of the horses treated with 2 i.m. injections of either 60 or 120 mg CSFI one week apart showed significant improvement with each weekly evaluation and were fully recovered by week 3. Horses treated with 15 or 30 mg CSFI did not differ significantly from the control group. Only 10% of the control horses responded to conventional antibiotic therapy. An expanded field trial utilising 80 horses diagnosed with lower respiratory disease and housed at 4 equine clinics was conducted. Thirty-five percent of the 40 control horses, treated solely by conventional antibiotic therapies, recovered while 75% of the horses treated with a supplemental administration of 60 mg CSFI as described above recovered. The combined data from these studies showed that CSFI was able to promote an overall recovery from lower respiratory disease of 86%.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

Factors for prognostic use in equine obstructive small intestinal disease.

Twenty horses with small intestinal obstructions requiring surgery were evaluated prospectively. Ten horses lived (group 1) and 10 died (group 2). Eight of the horses in group 1 had simple obstruction and 7 of the horses in group 2 had strangulation obstruction. There was a significant difference (P less than 0.001) between the mean intraluminal hydrostatic pressure in horses of groups 1 and 2 (6.3 cm H2O and 15 cm H2O, respectively). The mean peritoneal fluid protein concentration in horses of groups 1 and 2 (2.8 mg/dl and 5.4 mg/dl, respectively) also differed significantly between groups (P less than 0.01). Histologic evaluation of the intestinal specimens from horses of group 1 (n = 3) and group 2 (n = 6) revealed more severe mucosal lesions in group 2. The measured values that were not significantly different between the 2 groups included PCV, total serum protein content, WBC count, anion gap, and duration of colic before admission. It was concluded that peritoneal fluid protein concentration and intraluminal hydrostatic pressure in small intestinal obstruction may be used as adjuncts to diagnosis and as prognostic indicators.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Characterization of Rhodococcus equi isolates from horse and man].

In the present investigation 19 and 22 R. equi-cultures isolated from diseased horses and humans, respectively, could be correctly identified by their morphological, biochemical and serological properties. The rod-coccus life cycle appeared to be a common feature of almost all cultures investigated. The cultures were typeable with the typing system described by Prescott (1981). The predominant serotypes among the R. equi-isolates belonged to serotypes 1 and 2. Among the R. equi-isolates from horses haemagglutination-positive cultures were mainly found among isolates of serotype 1, those of serotype 2 were haemagglutination-negative. The R. equi-cultures isolated from humans showed no relation between serotype and haemagglutinating properties. Determination of antibiotic susceptibility revealed that all cultures were susceptible to erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, minocycline, neomycin, rifampicin, streptomycin and vancomycin, 71% and 75% were resistant or at least moderate susceptible to tetracycline and penicillin G, respectively. Almost all cultures were resistant to ceftazidime and most cultures were susceptible to cefotaxime. The cultures could be further characterized by restriction endonuclease digestion and pulsed field gel electrophoresis of their chromosomal DNA. After digestion with the restriction enzyme AsnI the resulting DNA-profile allowed a strain-specific characterization.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1986

Elastase-producing microorganisms in horse lungs: their possible role in the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary disease in the horse.

Seventeen out of 21 horses had pulmonary microbial organisms which reached considerable numbers in seven cases. Elastase-producing microorganisms from the environment (Streptomyces species and to a lesser extent Bacillus species) constituted 22 per cent to 99 per cent (mean 79 per cent) of the total growth. There was a considerable number of microorganisms with in vitro-produced elastases which were not or only slightly affected by horse serum. There was no correlation between numbers of organisms and pulmonary histopathological findings thus the significance of these microorganisms in the pathogenesis of alveolar emphysema is unknown. The growth of a strain of Streptomyces collinus/diastatochromogus isolated from the lungs was suppressed by fresh horse serum but not by decomplemented horse serum. Complement activation in response to this organism could contribute to airway inflammation through the production of mediators.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Navicular disease in the horse. The subchondral bone pressure.

The subchondral bone pressure in the navicular bone of horses with navicular disease is compared with corresponding pressures in normal horses. An increased intraosseous pressure and a lengthened pressure drop time was demonstrated in patients with navicular disease, which indicates the existence of a venous stasis. Compared with similar investigations in humans with arthrosis it is concluded that navicular disease is a condition resembling arthrosis. The classical clinical symptoms are explained as an expression of resting pains. Treatments are suggested which theoretically can render the patient symptomless.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Antigenic variation of equine (Heq2Neq2) influenzavirus.

Influenza equine (Heq2Neq2) strains isolated during the course of epizootics observed in Guanabara (Rio de Janeiro) and São Paulo, Brazil, in July-October 1969 were shown to differ antigenically from earlier strains of the same subtype (A/equine/Miami/1/63 (Heq2Neq2)). The difference could be clearly demonstrated in haemagglutination inhibition tests performed with postinfection horse or ferret sera but not with hyperimmune rooster sera. Antibody responses of diseased horses were higher and more frequent against current isolates than against strain equine/Miami/1/63. Some animals also showed antibody responses to the Hong Kong variant of human influenzavirus A.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Severe pulmonary disease due to multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease in a horse.

Multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease was diagnosed histologically in a 17-year-old Quarter Horse intact mare that was presented with a chronic history of respiratory distress. At necropsy, the lungs were poorly collapsed and the pulmonary parenchyma contained innumerable, discrete, spherical nodules in a miliary pattern. A few similar nodules were scattered in the liver and the renal lymph nodes. Histologically, these nodules consisted of fibrosing eosinophilic granulomas. Based on histologic findings and the absence of an etiologic agent, a diagnosis of multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease was made.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Lower airway diseases of the adult horse.

Lower airway problems of the adult horse are commonly encountered by the practitioner. Particularly susceptible populations include horses transported for any significant distance and young horses grouped together for training and/or competition. This article presents some of the commonly encountered problems of this patient population, including bacterial pneumonia/pleuropneumonia and influenza, and some uncommon ones, including pulmonary edema, pneumothorax/hemothorax, and acuterespiratory distress syndrome. Information is presented that should allow the practitioner to diagnose these problems accurately and initiate rational treatment plans.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) in horses.

This article reviews epizootiology, public health considerations, antibody testing, and molecular biology of Lyme borreliosis. Correlation of clinical signs with titer response is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Evidence for a high rate of false-positive results with the indirect fluorescent antibody test for Ehrlichia risticii antibody in horses.

OBJECTIVE: The original objective was to determine seroprevalence of Ehrlichia risticii antibody among horses in California. On the basis of the unexpected results of the survey, an investigation into the accuracy and reproducibility of results of the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test for E risticii was carried out. DESIGN: Prospective, seroprevalence study. ANIMALS: Healthy horses (n = 655) and horses with clinical signs of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (EME; n = 514) from various regions of California. PROCEDURE: The IFA test was performed. Results were compared with results of an ELISA and with results of western immunoblot analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 104 of 655 (15.9%) healthy horses had evidence of an antibody response. However, 84 of 514 (16.3%) horses with clinical signs of EME also had positive test results, and of the 8 seropositive diseased horses for which paired (acute and convalescent) samples had been submitted, only 1 had a rise in antibody titers between the acute and convalescent samples. Comparison of results for the IFA test, ELISA, and western immunoblot analysis revealed a high rate of false-positive results for the IFA test. Subsequent studies suggested that routine vaccination of horses with non-E risticii vaccines may have contributed to the false-positive reactions. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The data failed to provide conclusive evidence of E risticii infection among California horses. Owing to the high percentage of false-positive test results, caution is advised when using the IFA test to diagnose EME in horses or to determine the necessity for E risticii vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Equine cardiovascular pathology: an overview.

The few data collections that evaluate the involvement of organ systems in horse diseases are in agreement that the locomotor, gastrointestinal and nervous systems are the sites of primary disease in the vast majority of sick horses. When compared with diseases of these organ systems, equine cardiovascular diseases occur infrequently. The most detailed and comprehensive survey of equine cardiac pathology was reported in 1972 by Else and Holmes, who summarized the gross and microscopic cardiac findings from 1500 abattoir horses. This paper reviews the pathology of the cardiovascular diseases typically encountered in horses. Most of the pathological examples are from the files of the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of Florida, encompassing 24 years (1978-2002) and some 6000 equine necropsy cases. Preceding the specific topics are principles of the anatomy and function of the normal equine heart. Pathological entities include equine congenital cardiovascular diseases, acquired diseases of the pericardium, myocardium, endocardium and valves, cardiac neoplasms, and common equine vascular diseases and vascular neoplasms. Extensive use is made of photographs to illustrate the features of individual case examples.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Navicular disease in the horse. The synovial membrane of bursa podotrochlearis.

The histopathological changes in the synovial membrane of bursa podotrochlearis are described in horses with navicular disease. The changes are compared to the histopathological findings in synovial membrane of arthrotic pastern joints in horses and of arthrotic hips in man. A high degree of concordance is demonstrated and this suggests that navicular disease is an arthrotic disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The force and contact stress on the navicular bone during trot locomotion in sound horses and horses with navicular disease.

Mechanical overload due to poor conformation or shoeing has been suggested to contribute to the development of navicular disease. While studies have determined the compressive force exerted on the navicular bone in normal horses, this has not been reported for horses with navicular disease. Also, the force has not been converted to stress by correction for contact area. In this study we developed a technique for the determination of the contact area between the deep digital flexor tendon and the navicular bone in vivo, and used a forceplate system to determine the force and stress on the bone at trot in 6 normal and eight diseased horses. The mean +/- s.d. peak force and peak stress were 5.62+/-1.45 N/kg and 2.74+/-0.76 MPa for the normal group and 6.97+/-1.50 N/kg and 3.07+/-0.55 MPa for the navicular disease group. The peak force and peak stress were similar for both groups but the force and stress in the horses with navicular disease were approximately double control group values early in the stance phase. This was due to a higher force in the deep digital flexor tendon, which was attributed to a contraction of the deep digital flexor muscle in early stance in an attempt to unload the heels.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic performance of the equine IgM capture ELISA for serodiagnosis of West Nile virus infection.

The objectives of these studies were to assess the diagnostic performance (sensitivity and specificity) of the IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; MAC) for diagnosis of West Nile (WN) virus in horses and to examine the performance of this test by using different criteria for seropositivity. A total of 36 horses classified as WN virus infected (group 1) and 383 horses from 4 subpopulations of hoses classified as noninfected (groups 2, 3, 4, and 5) were used in the study. The sensitivity (proportion of infected horses that tested positive for WN virus IgM antibodies) and specificity (proportion of noninfected horses that tested negative) were calculated at different cutoff points by using receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. Using a selected cutoff point = 2.0, the sensitivity and specificity of the MAC were 91.7 and 99.2%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve = 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 1.0), suggesting that the MAC is a useful tool for diagnosis of recent WN virus exposure in horses. In fulfillment of the 2nd objective, 2 other indices were developed and these indices approached 1.0 for the AUC with smaller 95% CIs. These indices were then used to test 602 additional diagnostic samples submitted from suspect horses between 2002 and 2004. Using the standard cutoff, 194 (32%) of the horses were interpreted as positive. Utilizing newly predicted cutoff criteria from each index, additional horses were identified as positive. In conclusion, the MAC as used for identification of WN virus-diseased horses undergoing recent exposure performs reliably at the standard cutoff for seropositivity. A negative test might not completely rule out WN virus disease, but horses that test negative were most likely not exposed to WNV. Performance of the test can be further improved by investigation of other indexes of seropositivity.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Aortic root disease in four horses.

Clinical findings in 4 horses with aortic root disease are described. Three of the horses had aneurysms of the right aortic sinus, and in 2 of the 3, the aneurysm ruptured, creating a fistula between the aorta and right ventricle. One of these horses had had a murmur since birth, and the aortic sinus aneurysm may have been a congenital anomaly. In a second horse, the aneurysm may have been an acquired condition that developed secondary to chronic aortic regurgitation. Another horse had a large subendocardial hematoma associated with dissection of blood from the aorta to the interventricular septum because of a tear in the aortic root near the right aortic sinus. Ventricular ectopy and signs of abdominal pain were the most common initial signs in these horses.

Animals↗